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Masó-Martínez M, Fryer B, Aubert D, Peacock B, Lees R, Rance GA, Fay MW, Topham PD, Fernández-Castané A. Evaluation of cell disruption technologies on magnetosome chain length and aggregation behaviour from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1172457. [PMID: 37214292 PMCID: PMC10192567 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1172457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetosomes are biologically-derived magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) naturally produced by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). Due to their distinctive characteristics, such as narrow size distribution and high biocompatibility, magnetosomes represent an attractive alternative to existing commercially-available chemically-synthesized MNPs. However, to extract magnetosomes from the bacteria, a cell disruption step is required. In this study, a systematic comparison between three disruption techniques (enzymatic treatment, probe sonication and high-pressure homogenization) was carried out to study their effect on the chain length, integrity and aggregation state of magnetosomes isolated from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 cells. Experimental results revealed that all three methodologies show high cell disruption yields (>89%). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and, for the first time, nano-flow cytometry (nFCM) were employed to characterize magnetosome preparations after purification. TEM and DLS showed that high-pressure homogenization resulted in optimal conservation of chain integrity, whereas enzymatic treatment caused higher chain cleavage. The data obtained suggest that nFCM is best suited to characterize single membrane-wrapped magnetosomes, which can be particularly useful for applications that require the use of individual magnetosomes. Magnetosomes were also successfully labelled (>90%) with the fluorescent CellMask™ Deep Red membrane stain and analysed by nFCM, demonstrating the promising capacity of this technique as a rapid analytical tool for magnetosome quality assurance. The results of this work contribute to the future development of a robust magnetosome production platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Masó-Martínez
- Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Fryer
- Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Graham A. Rance
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (nmRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. Fay
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (nmRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Tuning of Magnetic Hyperthermia Response in the Systems Containing Magnetosomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175605. [PMID: 36080372 PMCID: PMC9457920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of materials are studied in the field of magnetic hyperthermia. In general, the most promising ones appear to be iron oxide particle nanosystems. This is also indicated in some clinical trial studies where iron-based oxides were used. On the other hand, the type of material itself provides a number of variations on how to tune hyperthermia indicators. In this paper, magnetite nanoparticles in various forms were analyzed. The nanoparticles differed in the core size as well as in the form of their arrangement. The arrangement was determined by the nature of the surfactant. The individual particles were covered chemically by dextran; in the case of chain-like particles, they were encapsulated naturally in a lipid bilayer. It was shown that in the case of chain-like nanoparticles, except for relaxation, a contribution from magnetic hysteresis to the heating process also appears. The influence of the chosen methodology of magnetic field generation was also analyzed. In addition, the influence of the chosen methodology of magnetic field generation was analyzed. The application of a rotating magnetic field was shown to be more efficient in generating heat than the application of an alternating magnetic field. However, the degree of efficiency depended on the arrangement of the magnetite nanoparticles. The difference in the efficiency of the rotating magnetic field versus the alternating magnetic field was much more pronounced for individual nanoparticles (in the form of a magnetic fluid) than for systems containing chain nanoparticles (magnetosomes and a mix of magnetic fluid with magnetosomes in a ratio 1:1).
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Effect of Liquid Crystalline Host on Structural Changes in Magnetosomes Based Ferronematics. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102643. [PMID: 34685084 PMCID: PMC8537930 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the liquid crystalline host on structural changes in magnetosomes based on ferronematics is studied using the surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique supported by some capacitance and light transmission measurements. The measurement of the attenuation response of SAW propagating along the interface between LC and the piezoelectric substrate is used to study processes of structural changes under magnetic field. The magnetosome nanoparticles of the same volume concentration were added to three different nematic LCs, 5CB, 6CB, and E7. Unlike to undoped LCs, the different responses of SAW attenuation under the influence of magnetic and electric fields in LCs doped with magnetosomes were observed due to characteristic structural changes. The decrease of the threshold field for doped LCs as compared with pure LCs and slight effects on structural changes were registered. The threshold magnetic fields of LCs and composites were determined from capacitance measurements, and the slight shift to lower values was registered for doped LCs. The shift of nematic-isotropic transition was registered from dependencies of SAW attenuation on temperature. The acoustic anisotropy measurement approved the previous supposition about the role of bulk viscosity in used SAW measurements. In addition, capacitance and light transmition investigations supported SAW results and pointed out conclusions about their magnetic field behavior. Obtained results are discussed and confronted with previous ones and coincide well with those observed using acoustic, optical, or dielectric techniques.
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Gandia D, Gandarias L, Marcano L, Orue I, Gil-Cartón D, Alonso J, García-Arribas A, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML. Elucidating the role of shape anisotropy in faceted magnetic nanoparticles using biogenic magnetosomes as a model. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16081-16090. [PMID: 32614010 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Shape anisotropy is of primary importance to understand the magnetic behavior of nanoparticles, but a rigorous analysis in polyhedral morphologies is missing. In this work, a model based on finite element techniques has been developed to calculate the shape anisotropy energy landscape for cubic, octahedral, and truncated-octahedral morphologies. In all cases, a cubic shape anisotropy is found that evolves to quasi-uniaxial anisotropy when the nanoparticle is elongated ≥2%. This model is tested on magnetosomes, ∼45 nm truncated octahedral magnetite nanoparticles forming a chain inside Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 bacteria. This chain presents a slightly bent helical configuration due to a 20° tilting of the magnetic moment of each magnetosome out of chain axis. Electron cryotomography images reveal that these magnetosomes are not ideal truncated-octahedrons but present ≈7.5% extrusion of one of the {001} square faces and ≈10% extrusion of an adjacent {111} hexagonal face. Our model shows that this deformation gives rise to a quasi-uniaxial shape anisotropy, a result of the combination of a uniaxial (Ksh-u = 7 kJ m-3) and a cubic (Ksh-c = 1.5 kJ m-3) contribution, which is responsible for the 20° tilting of the magnetic moment. Finally, our results have allowed us to accurately reproduce, within the framework of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert model, the experimental AC loops measured for these magnetotactic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gandia
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Lucía Gandarias
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Lourdes Marcano
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany and Depto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Orue
- SGIker Medidas Magnéticas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Gil-Cartón
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Depto. CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Alfredo García-Arribas
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain. and Depto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain. and Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Mª Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain. and Depto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Marcuello C, Chambel L, Rodrigues MS, Ferreira LP, Cruz MM. Magnetotactic Bacteria: Magnetism Beyond Magnetosomes. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2018; 17:555-559. [PMID: 30371384 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2018.2878085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are a group of organisms deeply studied in the last years due to their interesting magnetic behavior and potential applications in nanometrology, hyperthermia, and biosensor devices. One intrinsic common characteristic is the presence, inside the bacteria, of magnetic nanoparticles called magnetosomes. The role of magnetosomes as bacterial tools to orient the bacteria and find new habitats is universally accepted, but the way they develop still is not fully understood. A strain of Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum was grown and investigated at the nanoscale using transmission electron microscopy and atomic/magnetic force microscopy techniques. Magnetosomes were observed as well as long filaments with magnetic response that could be associated to the actin-like filaments being crucial to allow the nanoparticles orientation and magnetosomes formation. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to visualize these reproducible long-range size magnetic crystalline structures.
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Orue I, Marcano L, Bender P, García-Prieto A, Valencia S, Mawass MA, Gil-Cartón D, Alba Venero D, Honecker D, García-Arribas A, Fernández Barquín L, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML. Configuration of the magnetosome chain: a natural magnetic nanoarchitecture. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7407-7419. [PMID: 29557439 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08493e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense is a microorganism with the ability to biomineralize magnetite nanoparticles, called magnetosomes, and arrange them into a chain that behaves like a magnetic compass. Rather than straight lines, magnetosome chains are slightly bent, as evidenced by electron cryotomography. Our experimental and theoretical results suggest that due to the competition between the magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropies, the effective magnetic moment of individual magnetosomes is tilted out of the [111] crystallographic easy axis of magnetite. This tilt does not affect the direction of the chain net magnetic moment, which remains along the [111] axis, but explains the arrangement of magnetosomes in helical-like shaped chains. Indeed, we demonstrate that the chain shape can be reproduced by considering an interplay between the magnetic dipolar interactions between magnetosomes, ruled by the orientation of the magnetosome magnetic moment, and a lipid/protein-based mechanism, modeled as an elastic recovery force exerted on the magnetosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Orue
- SGIker, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Marcano
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - P Bender
- CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - A García-Prieto
- Dpto. Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain and BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - S Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Mawass
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gil-Cartón
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - D Alba Venero
- ISIS, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D Honecker
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - A García-Arribas
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain. and BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - A Muela
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain and Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - M L Fdez-Gubieda
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain. and BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Mannucci S, Ghin L, Conti G, Tambalo S, Lascialfari A, Orlando T, Benati D, Bernardi P, Betterle N, Bassi R, Marzola P, Sbarbati A. Magnetic nanoparticles from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense increase the efficacy of thermotherapy in a model of colon carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108959. [PMID: 25289664 PMCID: PMC4188607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are capable of generate heating power under the influence of alternating magnetic fields (AMF); this behaviour recently opened new scenarios for advanced biomedical applications, mainly as new promising tumor therapies. In this paper we have tested magnetic nanoparticles called magnetosomes (MNs): a class of MNPs naturally produced by magnetotactic bacteria. We extracted MNs from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 and tested the interaction with cellular elements and anti-neoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo, with the aim of developing new therapeutic approaches for neoplastic diseases. In vitro experiments performed on Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 cell cultures demonstrated a strong uptake of MNs with no evident signs of cytotoxicity and revealed three phases in the interaction: adherence, transport and accumulation in Golgi vesicles. In vivo studies were performed on subcutaneous tumors in mice; in this model MNs are administered by direct injection in the tumor volume, then a protocol consisting of three exposures to an AMF rated at 187 kHz and 23kA/m is carried out on alternate days, over a week. Tumors were monitored by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to obtain information about MNs distribution and possible tissue modifications induced by hyperthermia. Histological analysis showed fibrous and necrotic areas close to MNs injection sites in mice subjected to a complete thermotherapy protocol. These results, although concerning a specific tumor model, could be useful to further investigate the feasibility and efficacy of protocols based on MFH. Magnetic nanoparticles naturally produced and extracted from bacteria seem to be promising candidates for theranostic applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mannucci
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ghin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giamaica Conti
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tambalo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lascialfari
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tomas Orlando
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Donatella Benati
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nico Betterle
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
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Passeri D, Dong C, Reggente M, Angeloni L, Barteri M, Scaramuzzo FA, De Angelis F, Marinelli F, Antonelli F, Rinaldi F, Marianecci C, Carafa M, Sorbo A, Sordi D, Arends IW, Rossi M. Magnetic force microscopy: quantitative issues in biomaterials. BIOMATTER 2014; 4:29507. [PMID: 25050758 PMCID: PMC4145005 DOI: 10.4161/biom.29507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based technique in which an AFM tip with a magnetic coating is used to probe local magnetic fields with the typical AFM spatial resolution, thus allowing one to acquire images reflecting the local magnetic properties of the samples at the nanoscale. Being a well established tool for the characterization of magnetic recording media, superconductors and magnetic nanomaterials, MFM is finding constantly increasing application in the study of magnetic properties of materials and systems of biological and biomedical interest. After reviewing these latter applications, three case studies are presented in which MFM is used to characterize: (i) magnetoferritin synthesized using apoferritin as molecular reactor; (ii) magnetic nanoparticles loaded niosomes to be used as nanocarriers for drug delivery; (iii) leukemic cells labeled using folic acid-coated core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles in order to exploit the presence of folate receptors on the cell membrane surface. In these examples, MFM data are quantitatively analyzed evidencing the limits of the simple analytical models currently used. Provided that suitable models are used to simulate the MFM response, MFM can be used to evaluate the magnetic momentum of the core of magnetoferritin, the iron entrapment efficiency in single vesicles, or the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Passeri
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Chunhua Dong
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Department of Physics; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Reggente
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Angeloni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Lab. for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I); Department Min-Met-Materials Eng. & University Hospital Research Center; Laval University; Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mario Barteri
- Department of Chemistry; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca A Scaramuzzo
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Angelis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Antonelli
- Department of Chemistry; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Sorbo
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Sordi
- Delft University of Technology; Biotechnology Department; Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry Section; Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Wce Arends
- Delft University of Technology; Biotechnology Department; Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry Section; Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Centro di Ricerca per le Nanotecnologie Applicate all'Ingegneria della Sapienza (CNIS); University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy
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