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Gulati K, Adachi T. Profiling to Probing: Atomic force microscopy to characterize nano-engineered implants. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:15-38. [PMID: 37562516 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of implants in the nanoscale or implant nano-engineering has been recognized as a strategy for augmenting implant bioactivity and achieving long-term implant success. Characterizing and optimizing implant characteristics is crucial to achieving desirable effects post-implantation. Modified implant enables tailored, guided and accelerated tissue integration; however, our understanding is limited to multicellular (bulk) interactions. Finding the nanoscale forces experienced by a single cell on nano-engineered implants will aid in predicting implants' bioactivity and engineering the next generation of bioactive implants. Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a unique tool that enables surface characterization and understanding of the interactions between implant surface and biological tissues. The characterization of surface topography using AFM to gauge nano-engineered implants' characteristics (topographical, mechanical, chemical, electrical and magnetic) and bioactivity (adhesion of cells) is presented. A special focus of the review is to discuss the use of single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) employing AFM to investigate the minute forces involved with the adhesion of a single cell (resident tissue cell or bacterium) to the surface of nano-engineered implants. Finally, the research gaps and future perspectives relating to AFM-characterized current and emerging nano-engineered implants are discussed towards achieving desirable bioactivity performances. This review highlights the use of advanced AFM-based characterization of nano-engineered implant surfaces via profiling (investigating implant topography) or probing (using a single cell as a probe to study precise adhesive forces with the implant surface). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nano-engineering is emerging as a surface modification platform for implants to augment their bioactivity and achieve favourable treatment outcomes. In this extensive review, we closely examine the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to characterize the properties of nano-engineered implant surfaces (topography, mechanical, chemical, electrical and magnetic). Next, we discuss Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy (SCFS) via AFM towards precise force quantification encompassing a single cell's interaction with the implant surface. This interdisciplinary review will appeal to researchers from the broader scientific community interested in implants and cell adhesion to implants and provide an improved understanding of the surface characterization of nano-engineered implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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da Silva MDD, Nunes TSBS, Viotto HEDC, Coelho SRG, de Souza RF, Pero AC. Microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by Candida albicans on 3D-printed denture base resins. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292430. [PMID: 37792886 PMCID: PMC10550158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated surface properties and adhesion/biofilm formation by Candida albicans on 3D printed denture base resins used in 3D printing. Disc-shaped specimens (15 mm x 3 mm) of two 3D-printed resins (NextDent Denture 3D+, NE, n = 64; and Cosmos Denture, CO, n = 64) and a heat-polymerized resin (Lucitone 550, LU, control, n = 64) were analyzed for surface roughness (Ra μm) and surface free energy (erg cm-2). Microbiologic assays (90-min adhesion and 48-h biofilm formation by C. albicans) were performed five times in triplicate, with the evaluation of the specimens' surface for: (i) colony forming units count (CFU/mL), (ii) cellular metabolism (XTT assay), and (iii) fluorescence and thickness of biofilm layers (confocal laser scanning microscopy). Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). LU presented higher surface roughness Ra (0.329±0.076 μm) than NE (0.295±0.056 μm) (p = 0.024), but both were similar to CO (0.315±0.058 μm) (p = 1.000 and p = 0.129, respectively). LU showed lower surface free energy (47.47±2.01 erg cm-2) than CO (49.61±1.88 erg cm-2) and NE (49.23±2.16 erg cm-2) (p<0.001 for both). The CO and NE resins showed greater cellular metabolism (p<0.001) and CO only, showed greater colonization (p = 0.015) by C. albicans than LU in the 90-min and 48-hour periods. It can be concluded that both 3D-printed denture base resins are more prone to colonization by C. albicans, and that their surface free energy may be more likely associated with that colonization than their surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dantas Dias da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Soares Bezerra Santos Nunes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamile Emanuella do Carmo Viotto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Romão Gonçalves Coelho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Pero
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Putra Wigianto AY, Ishida Y, Iwawaki Y, Goto T, Watanabe M, Sekine K, Hamada K, Murakami K, Fujii H, Ichikawa T. 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer treatment prevents Candida albicans biofilm formation on acrylic resin. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:384-391. [PMID: 36288959 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photoreactive 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilm formation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and assess its mechanism and need for re-application by evaluating its interaction with salivary mucin and durability during temperature changes. METHODS PMMA discs were used as specimens. The MPC coating was applied using the spray and cure technique for the treatment groups, whereas no coating was applied to the control. The MPC treatment (MT) groups were further differentiated based on the number of thermal cycles involved (0, 1000, 2500, and 5000). The optical density was measured to assess mucin adsorption (MA). Contact angle (CA) was calculated to evaluate surface hydrophilicity. The presence of MPC components on the PMMA surface was assessed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). C. albicans biofilms were evaluated qualitatively (scanning electron microscope images) and quantitatively (colony-forming units (CFUs)). Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS MA rate and CA increased significantly in the MT groups, which exhibited significantly fewer CFUs and thinner biofilms than those of the control group. Based on the XPS, MA, and CFU evaluations, the durability and efficacy of the MPC coating were considered stable up to 2500 thermal cycles. Additionally, a significant interaction was observed between mucin concentration and MPC efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The photoreactive MPC coating, which was resistant to temperature changes for approximately 3 months, effectively prevented C. albicans biofilm formation by modifying surface hydrophilicity and increasing mucin adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichi Ishida
- Department of Prosthodontics & Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwawaki
- Department of Prosthodontics & Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaharu Goto
- Department of Prosthodontics & Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Prosthodontics & Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sekine
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hamada
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiji Murakami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ichikawa
- Department of Prosthodontics & Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Er Raouan S, Abed SE, Zouine N, Lachkar M, Koraichi SI. Anti-adhesive activity of some secondary metabolites against Staphylococcus aureus on 3D printing medical materials. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:243. [PMID: 37209212 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent improvements in 3D printing technology have increased the usage of 3D printed materials in several areas. An exciting and emerging area of applying these next-generation manufacturing strategies is the development of devices for biomedical applications. The main aim of this work was to investigate the effect of tannic acid, gallic acid, and epicatechin gallate on the physicochemical characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene (ABS) and Nylon 3D printing materials using the contact angle method. The adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus on untreated and treated materials was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and the images were treated by MATLAB software. The results of the contact angle measurements showed a significant change in the physicochemical properties of both surfaces, indicated an increase in the electron donor character of 3D printing materials following treatment. Thus, the ABS surfaces treated with tannic acid, gallic acid, and epicatechin gallate have become more electron donating. Furthermore, our results proved the ability of S. aureus to adhere on all materials with a percentage of 77.86% for ABS and 91.62% for nylon. The SEM has shown that all actives molecules were sufficient to obtain better inhibition of bacterial adhesion, which tannic acid has shown a total inhibition of S. aureus on ABS. From these results, our treatment presents a high potential for utilization as an active coating to prevent bacterial attachment and the eventual biofilm development in medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Er Raouan
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Soumya El Abed
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Nouhaila Zouine
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lachkar
- Faculty of Science, Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Fez, Morocco
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Raouan SE, Zouine N, Harchli EE, El Abed S, Sadiki M, Ghachtouli NE, Lachkar M, Ibnsouda SK. The theoretical adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as nosocomial pathogens on 3D printing filament materials. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-022-01028-6. [PMID: 36807129 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections and nosocomial diseases associated with biomaterial have become a major problem of public health and largely lead to revision surgery, which is painful and quite expensive for patients. These infections are caused by formation of biofilm, which present a difficulty of treatment with conventional antibiotics. The aim of our study is to investigate the theoretical adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on four 3-dimensional printing filament materials used in the manufacture of medical equipment. Thus, the physicochemical properties of these microorganisms and all filament materials were determined using the contact angle measurements. Our results indicated that bacterial surfaces were hydrophilic, strongly electron donating and weakly electron accepting. In contrast, nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polylactic acid surfaces were hydrophobic and more electron-donor than electron-acceptor. In addition, according to the values of total free interaction energy ΔGTotal, Staphylococcus aureus was found unable to adhere to the filament materials except polyethylene terephthalate surface. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed adhesion capacity only for acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene and polyethylene terephthalate surfaces. These findings imply that the usage of these 3D printed materials in the medical area necessitates more research into enhancing their resistance to bacterial adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Er Raouan
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nouhaila Zouine
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Elhassan El Harchli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Soumya El Abed
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Moulay Sadiki
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering Valorization and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Naima El Ghachtouli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Science, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Saad Koraichi Ibnsouda
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
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Yang H, Xie X, Li X, Bai Y. Polymethyl methacrylate resin containing ε-poly-L-lysine and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine with antimicrobial effects. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:228.e1-228.e8. [PMID: 36476985 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used in dentistry, including as a denture base material. However, the colonization of a PMMA surface by microbial microorganisms could increase the risk of oral diseases such as denture stomatitis and gingivitis. The development of PMMA with antibacterial properties should improve its clinical application, but whether adding ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) provides antimicrobial effects is unclear. PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to develop a novel antibacterial PMMA resin containing the natural nontoxic antibacterial agent ε-PL and the protein repellent agent MPC. The mechanical properties, protein repellency, and antimicrobial activities of the resin were then evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different mass fractions of ε-PL and MPC were mixed into PMMA as the experimental groups, with unaltered PMMA as the control group. The flexural strength (n=10) and surface roughness (n=6) of the resulting mixtures were measured to determine their mechanical properties. The antiprotein properties were measured by using the micro bicinchoninic acid method (n=6). The antimicrobial effect of the resin was assessed using live/dead staining (n=6) and methyltransferase (MTT) assays (n=10). According to the variance homogeneity and normal distribution results, 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference test or the Welch test and the Games-Howell test were used (α=.05 for all tests). RESULTS No significant differences were found in the flexural strength values and surface roughness of the specimens containing 1.5% MPC and 1.5% ε-PL compared with those of the control (P>.05). The addition of ε-PL to the PMMA resin alone significantly increased its bactericidal properties (P<.05). Adding both ε-PL and MPC further increased the antibacterial activity of the PMMA resin without increasing protein adhesion more than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of both ε-PL and MPC into PMMA improved its antibacterial capacity without affecting its mechanical properties and did not increase protein adhesion. Therefore, the novel PMMA fabricated in this study shows promise for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Dental student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Professor, Dean, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Association of Graphene Silver Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) with Photodynamic Therapy for Inactivation of Halitosis Responsible Bacteria in Denture Wearers. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071643. [PMID: 34201467 PMCID: PMC8305032 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Poor hygiene and denture presence in the oral cavity are factors that favor bacterial accumulation, the cause of halitosis and of various oral and general diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of inactivating bacteria associated with halitosis in acrylic denture wearers using polymethyl methacrylate resin enhanced with graphene silver nanoparticles and the effect of the resin association with extra oral photodynamic therapy. (2) Methods: Graphene silver nanoparticles in 1 and 2 wt% were added to a commercial acrylic resin powder. Three study groups containing samples from the three different materials were established. The first group was not exposed to the light treatment, and the other two were exposed to red light (laser and light emitting diode) after photosensitizer placement on the disk’s surface. Samples were incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. (3) Results: For both bacterial strains, inhibition zones were obtained, showing significant differences for the light-treated samples. (4) Conclusions: Denture resins with antibacterial properties associated with extra oral photodynamic therapy exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects. The procedure could be used as a safer and more efficient alternative technique against halitosis and oral infections in denture wearers.
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Kreve S, Reis ACD. Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials: What regulates this attachment? A review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:85-96. [PMID: 34188729 PMCID: PMC8215285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to the surface of dental materials play a significant role in infections. The factors that govern microbial attachment involves different types of physical-chemical interactions and biological processes. Studying bacterial adhesion makes it possible to understand the mechanisms involved in attachment and helps in the search for technologies that promote antibacterial surfaces.
Bacterial attachment to biomaterials is of great interest to the medical and dental field due to its impact on dental implants, dental prostheses, and others, leading to the need to introduce methods for biofilm control and mitigation of infections. Biofilm adhesion is a multifactorial process and involves characteristics relevant to the bacterial cell as well as biological, chemical, and physical properties relative to the surface of biomaterials. Bacteria encountered different environmental conditions during their growth and developed interspecies communication strategies, as well as various mechanisms to detect the environment and facilitate survival, such as chemical sensors or physical detection mechanisms. However, the factors that govern microbial attachment to surfaces are not yet fully understood. In order to understand how bacteria interact with surfaces, as well as to characterize the physical-chemical properties of bacteria adhesins, and to determine their interrelation with the adhesion to the substrate, in recent years new techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been developed and helped by providing quantitative results. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the factors that regulate microbial adhesion to surfaces in order to offer a guide to studies to obtain technologies that provide an antimicrobial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kreve
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Monteiro DR, de Souza Batista VE, Caldeirão ACM, Jacinto RDC, Pessan JP. Oral prosthetic microbiology: aspects related to the oral microbiome, surface properties, and strategies for controlling biofilms. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:353-371. [PMID: 34139899 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1912741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is an environment that allows for the development of complex ecosystems; the placement of prosthetic devices as a consequence of partial or total tooth loss may alter the diversity of microbial communities. Biofilms on the surface of materials used in dental prostheses can promote important changes in the mechanic and aesthetic properties of the material itself and may cause local and systemic diseases for the prosthetic wearer. This review presents the main features of the oral microbiome associated with complete or partial dentures and dental implants. The main diseases associated with microbial colonization of prosthetic surfaces, factors that may affect biofilm formation on prosthetic materials, as well as novel alternative therapies aiming to reduce biofilm formation and/or to eradicate biofilms formed on these materials are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério de Castilho Jacinto
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martínez-Serna IV, Magdaleno MO, Cepeda-Bravo JA, Romo-Ramírez GF, Sánchez-Vargas LO. Does microwave and hydrogen peroxide disinfection reduce Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate denture surfaces? J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:1068-1074. [PMID: 33810849 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Whether the disinfection of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dentures eliminates Candida albicans biofilm is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of immersion in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and subsequent application of microwaves on the formation of C albicans biofilm on the surface of polished and unpolished PMMA disks. MATERIAL AND METHODS Polished and unpolished PMMA disks (n=40) were mounted in a Center for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor by adding yeast-dextrose-peptone (YPD) broth inoculated with C albicans in a cell suspension for 24 hours. After this period, the PMMA disks (n=8) were disinfected with 5 different solutions: saline solution, 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), H2O2, H2O2 microwaved at 650 W for 3 minutes (H2O2/μw), and distilled water microwaved at 650 W for 3 minutes (H2O/μw). On the polished and unpolished surface of each disk, arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU) were quantified with the live/dead bacterial viability kit (Invitrogen) by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate 10 different areas of each surface; these were counted as the colony-forming units (CFUs). The mean values were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test (α=.05). RESULTS Polished surfaces disinfected with H2O2/μw obtained the lowest viable cells (9.76 AFU) and nonviable cells (12.46 AFU) compared with H2O/μw and H2O2. In the unpolished surface the lowest mean values of viable cells (14.64 AFU) and nonviable cells (12.46 AFU) were obtained for the PMMA disks disinfected with H2O/μw compared with H2O2/μw and H2O2. Both polished and unpolished disks showed significant difference (P<.05) compared with the group of PMMA disks immersed in saline solution. No CFUs were detected in the polished or unpolished PMMA disks immersed in H2O2/μw or in NaOCl. CONCLUSIONS H2O2 alone did not eliminate the formation of the biofilm of C albicans; however, in combination with the use of the microwave at 650 W for 3 minutes, the biofilm formation of C albicans on polished surfaces was reduced. The number of AFUs of viable-nonviable cells and CFUs depended on whether the surfaces are polished or unpolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Verónica Martínez-Serna
- Student, Specialty in Aesthetic, Cosmetic, Restorative, and Implantological Dentistry, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Marine Ortiz Magdaleno
- Research Professor, Specialty in Aesthetic, Cosmetic, Restorative, and Implantological Dentistry, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Cepeda-Bravo
- Research Professor, Periodontology Department, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Fernando Romo-Ramírez
- Research Professor, Specialty in Aesthetic, Cosmetic, Restorative, and Implantological Dentistry, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas
- Research Professor, Biochemical and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Kagami K, Abe Y, Shinonaga Y, Imataki R, Nishimura T, Harada K, Arita K. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of PMMAs Implanted Fluorine and/or Silver Ions by Plasma-Based Ion Implantation with Argon. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13204525. [PMID: 33065975 PMCID: PMC7600063 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-oral microorganism effects of fluorine and/or silver ions implanted into acrylic resin (PMMA) using plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) with argon gas. The experimental PMMA specimens were implanted with F and Ag ions alone or simultaneously by the PBII method using Ar or Ar/F2 gases and Ag mesh. The surface characteristics were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. albicans) were examined by the adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) emission luminescence method. XPS spectra of the modified specimens revealed peaks due to F in the Ar/F and the Ar/F+Ag groups, and due to Ag in the Ar+Ag and the Ar/F+Ag groups. The water contact angle increased significantly due to the implantation of Ar, F, and Ag. In the AFM observations, the surface roughness of the Ar/F and the Ar/F+Ag groups increased significantly by less than 5 nanometers. The presence of F and Ag was found to inhibit S. mutans growth in the Ar+Ag and the Ar/F+Ag groups. However, this method provided no significant antifungal activity against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kagami
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Yoko Abe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.I.); (T.N.); (K.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Yukari Shinonaga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.I.); (T.N.); (K.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Rie Imataki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.I.); (T.N.); (K.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Takako Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.I.); (T.N.); (K.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Kyoko Harada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.I.); (T.N.); (K.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Kenji Arita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.I.); (T.N.); (K.H.); (K.A.)
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12
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Isolation and Identification of Chromium Reducing Bacillus Cereus Species from Chromium-Contaminated Soil for the Biological Detoxification of Chromium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062118. [PMID: 32209989 PMCID: PMC7142945 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromium contamination has been an increasing threat to the environment and to human health. Cr(VI) and Cr(III) are the most common states of chromium. However, compared with Cr(III), Cr(VI) is more toxic and more easily absorbed, therefore, it is more harmful to human beings. Thus, the conversion of toxic Cr(VI) into Cr(III) is an accepted strategy for chromium detoxification. Here, we isolated two Bacillus cereus strains with a high chromium tolerance and reduction ability, named B. cereus D and 332, respectively. Both strains demonstrated a strong pH and temperature adaptability and survival under 8 mM Cr(VI). B. cereus D achieved 87.8% Cr(VI) removal in 24 h with an initial 2 mM Cr(VI). Cu(II) was found to increase the removal rate of Cr(VI) significantly. With the addition of 0.4 mM Cu(II), 99.9% of Cr(VI) in the culture was removed by B. cereus 332 in 24 h. This is the highest removal efficiency in the literature that we have seen to date. The immobilization experiments found that sodium alginate with diatomite was the better method for immobilization and B. cereus 332 was more efficient in immobilized cells. Our research provided valuable information and new, highly effective strains for the bioremediation of chromium pollution.
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Gvetadze RS, Dmitrieva NA, Voronin AN. [Adhesion of microorganisms to various dental materials used to form a gum contour in implant-retained restorations]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2019; 98:118-123. [PMID: 31701941 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201998051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article the literature review on dental materials for the manufacture of gum formers used in dental implantology. Adhesion of microorganisms to titanium, PMMA and PEEK resins is discussed. According to published studies PEEK polymer is characterized by a similar bacterial contamination compared to titanium but shows lower degree of contamination when compared to acrylic resins in equal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sh Gvetadze
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Dmitrieva
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Voronin
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Surface Functionalization of an Aluminum Alloy to Generate an Antibiofilm Coating Based on Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112747. [PMID: 30355974 PMCID: PMC6278379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental protocol was studied to improve the adhesion of a polymeric poly(methyl methacrylate) coating that was modified with silver nanoparticles to an aluminum alloy, AA2024. The nanoparticles were incorporated into the polymeric matrix to add the property of inhibiting biofilm formation to the anticorrosive characteristics of the film, thus also making the coating antibiocorrosive. The protocol consists of functionalizing the surface through a pseudotransesterification treatment using a methyl methacrylate monomer that bonds covalently to the surface and leaves a terminal double bond that promotes and directs the polymerization reaction that takes place in the process that follows immediately after. This results in more compact and thicker poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coatings than those obtained without pseudotransesterification. The poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix modified with nanoparticles was obtained by incorporating both the nanoparticles and the methyl methacrylate in the reactor. The in situ polymerization involved combining the pretreated AA2024 specimens combined with the methyl methacrylate monomer and AgNps. The antibiofilm capacity of the coating was evaluated against P. aeruginosa, with an excellent response. Not only did the presence of bacteria decrease, but the formation of the exopolymer subunits was 99.99% lower than on the uncoated aluminum alloy or the alloy coated with unmodified poly(methyl methacrylate). As well and significantly, the potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicate that the PMMA-Ag coating has a good anticorrosive property in a 0.1-M NaCl medium.
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15
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Cao L, Xie X, Wang B, Weir MD, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Zhang N, Bai Y. Protein-repellent and antibacterial effects of a novel polymethyl methacrylate resin. J Dent 2018; 79:39-45. [PMID: 30248381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heat-cured resins are commonly used in orthodontics; however, there is a high incidence of caries, periodontal diseases and denture-induced stomatitis. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a new bioactive polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and quaternary ammonium dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and (2) investigate the effects on mechanical properties, protein-repellency and antibacterial properties. METHODS MPC and DMAHDM were mixed into a commercial acrylic resin (Nature Cryl™ MC). Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure. Surface roughness was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Protein adsorption onto the PMMA resin was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. A human saliva microcosm model was used to investigate the live/dead staining and metabolic activity of the biofilms. RESULTS Incorporation of 3% MPC and 1.5% DMAHDM into PMMA resin achieved protein repellent and antibacterial capabilities, without compromising the mechanical properties. PMMA resin with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had protein adsorption that was 1/6 that of a commercial control (p < 0.05). The PMMA resin with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had much greater reduction in biofilm growth than using MPC or DMAHDM alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A bioactive PMMA resin with a combination of strong protein-repellent and antibacterial capabilities was developed for the first time. The new resin greatly reduced the biofilm growth and metabolic activity, without compromising its mechanical properties. SIGNIFICANCE Novel PMMA resin is promising for applications in orthodontic retainers and orthodontic appliances to reduce biofilm activity and protein adsorption around the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Gill SK, Roohpour N, An Y, Gautrot JE, Topham PD, Tighe BJ. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic effects on water structuring and adhesion in denture adhesives. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1355-1362. [PMID: 29330941 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Denture adhesives are designed to be moisture-sensitive through the inclusion of a blend of polymer salts with varying degrees of water-sensitivity. This enables the adhesive to mix with saliva in vivo and activate its high tack, through the formation of a mucilaginous layer. We report for the first time, the use of differential scanning calorimetry to study a series of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymeric systems in order to correlate water-structuring behavior with adhesion strength. Adhesive bonding of the more hydrophobic variants was higher than that of a commercial-based control and a more hydrophilic polymer system in both lap shear and tensile configurations. Water-binding data suggested that increasing the hydrophobicity of the maleic acid copolymer substituents led to decreased levels of freezing water. In comparison, increasing the hydrophilic nature of the polymer backbone gave higher levels of freezing water within the hydrated samples. The results of this study emphasize the importance of varying the levels of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components within denture adhesive formulations, alongside the types of water present within the adhesive systems. This phenomenon has shown the potential to fine-tune the adhesive properties and failure mode against poly(methyl methacrylate), surfaces. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1355-1362, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrone K Gill
- Biomaterial Research Unit, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Nima Roohpour
- Consumer Healthcare R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 ODE, United Kingdom
| | - Yiran An
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Tighe
- Biomaterial Research Unit, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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