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Unravel the Local Complexity of Biological Environments by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212393. [PMID: 34830273 PMCID: PMC8623934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic metabolomic methods have proven to be very useful to study functional biology and variation in the chemical composition of different tissues. However, they do not provide any information in terms of spatial localization within fine structures. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) does and reaches at best a spatial resolution of 0.25 μm depending on the laser setup, making it a very powerful tool to analyze the local complexity of biological samples at the cellular level. Here, we intend to give an overview of the diversity of the molecules and localizations analyzed using this method as well as to update on the latest adaptations made to circumvent the complexity of samples. MALDI MSI has been widely used in medical sciences and is now developing in research areas as diverse as entomology, microbiology, plant biology, and plant–microbe interactions, the rhizobia symbiosis being the most exhaustively described so far. Those are the fields of interest on which we will focus to demonstrate MALDI MSI strengths in characterizing the spatial distributions of metabolites, lipids, and peptides in relation to biological questions.
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Lin CY, Chen WL, Chen TZ, Lee SH, Liang HJ, Chou CCK, Tang CH, Cheng TJ. Lipid changes in extrapulmonary organs and serum of rats after chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147018. [PMID: 34088028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is able to pass through the respiratory barrier to enter the circulatory system and can consequently spread to the whole body to cause toxicity. Although our previous studies have revealed significantly altered levels of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids in the lungs of rats after chronic inhalation exposure to PM2.5, the effects of PM2.5 on phosphorylcholine-containing lipids in the extrapulmonary organs have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the lipid effects of chronic PM2.5 exposure on various organs and serum by using a rat inhalation model followed by a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed at the whole body level to nonfiltered and nonconcentrated ambient air from the outside environment of Taipei city for 8 months, while the control rats inhaled filtered air simultaneously. After exposure, serum samples and various organs, including the testis, pancreas, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and epididymis, were collected for lipid extraction and analysis to examine the changes in phosphorylcholine-containing lipids after exposure. The results from the partial least squares discriminant analysis models demonstrated that the lipid profiles in the PM2.5 exposure group were different from those in the control group in the rat testis, pancreas, heart, liver, kidney and serum. The greatest PM2.5-induced lipid effects were observed in the testes. Decreased lyso-phosphatidylcholines (PCs) as well as increased unsaturated diacyl-PCs and sphingomyelins in the testes may be related to maintaining the membrane integrity of spermatozoa, antioxidation, and cell signaling. Additionally, our results showed that decreased PC(16:0/18:1) was observed in both the serum and testes. In conclusion, exposure to chronic environmental concentrations of PM2.5 caused lipid perturbation, especially in the testes of rats. This study highlighted the susceptibility of the testes and suggested possible molecular events for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ling Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-K Chou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yan B, Murta T, Elia EA, Steven RT, Bunch J. Direct Tissue Mass Spectrometry Imaging by Atmospheric Pressure UV-Laser Desorption Plasma Postionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:429-435. [PMID: 33289553 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) operated at atmospheric pressure has been shown to be a promising technique for mass spectrometry imaging of biological tissues at high spatial resolution. Recent studies have shown several orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity afforded by coupling with a low-temperature plasma (LTP) for postionization. In this work we report the first results from "matrix-free" imaging using our atmospheric pressure (AP) transmission mode (TM) (MA)LDI source with LTP postionization. Direct MSI analysis of murine testis with no sample preparation after tissue sectioning enabled imaging of a range of lipid classes at pixel sizes of 25 μm. We compared results from the matrix-free methods with MALDI experiments in which the matrix was applied on top, underneath, or layered as a sandwich. The sandwich preparation was found to lead to ion yields approximately 2- or 3-fold higher than the other methods, indicating that the addition of a light absorbing matrix remains beneficial. Nonetheless, LDI methods confer a range of advantages, and the sensitivity improvements provided by postionization strategies are a promising step toward high-efficiency laser sampling under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Murta
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios A Elia
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Rory T Steven
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
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Effect of dietary fish oil on mouse testosterone level and the distribution of eicosapentaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine in testicular interstitium. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:259-265. [PMID: 28955915 PMCID: PMC5613343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of serum testosterone are characteristically associated with diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, obstructive sleep apnea, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Testosterone replacement therapy is effective against many of these disorders, indicating the importance of maintaining a healthy testosterone level. In this study, we investigated the effects of fish oil on murine testosterone metabolism and analyzed the dynamics of relevant lipids in testes by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Testosterone was upregulated in mice that received fish oil. In the testicular interstitium, eicosapentaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine was distributed characteristically. These data suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid is involved in testosterone metabolism. Testosterone was upregulated in mice that received fish oil. In the testicular interstitium, EPA-containing PC was distributed characteristically. Leydig cells have a system to incorporate EPA selectively into the plasma membrane. EPA may be crucial in testosterone metabolism.
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Zhang XC, Wei ZW, Gong XY, Si XY, Zhao YY, Yang CD, Zhang SC, Zhang XR. Integrated Droplet-Based Microextraction with ESI-MS for Removal of Matrix Interference in Single-Cell Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24730. [PMID: 27126222 PMCID: PMC4850364 DOI: 10.1038/srep24730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating droplet-based microfluidics with mass spectrometry is essential to high-throughput and multiple analysis of single cells. Nevertheless, matrix effects such as the interference of culture medium and intracellular components influence the sensitivity and the accuracy of results in single-cell analysis. To resolve this problem, we developed a method that integrated droplet-based microextraction with single-cell mass spectrometry. Specific extraction solvent was used to selectively obtain intracellular components of interest and remove interference of other components. Using this method, UDP-Glc-NAc, GSH, GSSG, AMP, ADP and ATP were successfully detected in single MCF-7 cells. We also applied the method to study the change of unicellular metabolites in the biological process of dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation. The method could not only realize matrix-free, selective and sensitive detection of metabolites in single cells, but also have the capability for reliable and high-throughput single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Gong
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xing-Yu Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng-Dui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Si-Chun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Changes of phosphatidylcholine and fatty acids in germ cells during testicular maturation in three developmental male morphotypes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii revealed by imaging mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120412. [PMID: 25781176 PMCID: PMC4363669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis maturation, germ cell development and function of sperm, are related to lipid composition. Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) play a key role in the structure and function of testes. As well, increases of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), especially arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential for male fertility. This study is the first report to show the composition and distribution of PCs and total fatty acids (FAs) in three groups of seminiferous tubules (STs) classified by cellular associations [i.e., A (STs with mostly early germ cells), B (STs with mostly spermatids), and C (STs with spermatozoa)], in three morphotypes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, [i.e., small male (SM), orange claw male (OC), and blue claw male (BC)]. Thin layer chromatography exhibited levels of PCs reaching maxima in STs of group B. Imaging mass spectrometry showed remarkably high signals corresponding to PC (16:0/18:1), PC (18:0/18:2), PC (18:2/20:5), and PC (16:0/22:6) in STs of groups A and B. Moreover, most signals were detected in the early developing cells and the intertubular area, but not at the area containing spermatozoa. Finally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that the major FAs present in the testes were composed of 14:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, 20:2, 20:4, 20:5, and 22:6. The testes of OC contained the greatest amounts of these FAs while the testes of BC contained the least amounts of these FAs, and there was more EPA (20:5) in the testes of SM and OC than those in the BC. The increasing amounts of FAs in the SM and OC indicate that they are important for spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. This knowledge will be useful in formulating diets containing PUFA and HUFA for prawn broodstocks in order to improve testis development, and lead to increased male fecundity.
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Gemperline E, Rawson S, Li L. Optimization and comparison of multiple MALDI matrix application methods for small molecule mass spectrometric imaging. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10030-5. [PMID: 25331774 PMCID: PMC4204912 DOI: 10.1021/ac5028534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The matrix application technique is critical to the success of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) experiment. This work presents a systematic study aiming to evaluate three different matrix application techniques for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) of endogenous metabolites from legume plant, Medicago truncatula, root nodules. Airbrush, automatic sprayer, and sublimation matrix application methods were optimized individually for detection of metabolites in the positive ionization mode exploiting the two most widely used MALDI matrices, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA). Analytical reproducibility and analyte diffusion were examined and compared side-by-side for each method. When using DHB, the optimized method developed for the automatic matrix sprayer system resulted in approximately double the number of metabolites detected when compared to sublimation and airbrush. The automatic sprayer method also showed more reproducible results and less analyte diffusion than the airbrush method. Sublimation matrix deposition yielded high spatial resolution and reproducibility but fewer analytes in the higher m/z range (500-1000 m/z). When the samples were placed in a humidity chamber after sublimation, there was enhanced detection of higher mass metabolites but increased analyte diffusion in the lower mass range. When using CHCA, the optimized automatic sprayer method and humidified sublimation method resulted in double the number of metabolites detected compared to standard airbrush method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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