1
|
Sharma NK, Vishwakarma J, Rai S, Alomar TS, AlMasoud N, Bhattarai A. Green Route Synthesis and Characterization Techniques of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Biological Adeptness. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27004-27020. [PMID: 35967040 PMCID: PMC9366950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of the most reliable and green techniques for nanoparticle synthesis is an emerging step in the area of green nanotechnology. Many conventional approaches used for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis are expensive, deadly, and nonenvironmental. In this new era of nanotechnology, to overcome such concerns, natural sources which work as capping and reducing agents, including bacteria, fungi, biopolymers, and plants, are suitable candidates for synthesizing AgNPs. The surface morphology and applications of AgNPs are significantly pretentious to the experimental conditions by which they are synthesized. Available scattered information on the synthesis of AgNPs comprises the influence of altered constraints and characterization methods such as FTIR, UV-vis, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, etc. and their properties and applications. This review focuses on all the above-mentioned natural sources that have been used for AgNP synthesis recently. The green routes to synthesize AgNPs have established effective applications in various areas, including biosensors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cancer treatment, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), antimicrobial agents, drug delivery, gene therapy, DNA analysis, etc. The existing boundaries and prospects for metal nanoparticle synthesis by the green route are also discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Sharma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
- Shri
Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar 382023, India
| | - Jyotsna Vishwakarma
- K. B.
Pharmacy Institute of Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar 382023, India
| | - Summi Rai
- Department
of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal
| | - Taghrid S. Alomar
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaya Bhattarai
- Department
of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal
- or
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoon A, Herzog A, Grosse P, Alsem DH, Chee SW, Roldán Cuenya B. Dynamic Imaging of Nanostructures in an Electrolyte with a Scanning Electron Microscope. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:121-128. [PMID: 33403947 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of microfabricated liquid cells has enabled dynamic studies of nanostructures within a liquid environment with electron microscopy. While such setups are most commonly found in transmission electron microscope (TEM) holders, their implementation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers intriguing potential for multi-modal studies where the large chamber volume allows for the integration of multiple detectors. Here, we describe an electrochemical liquid cell SEM platform that employs the same cells enclosed by silicon nitride membrane windows found in liquid cell TEM holders and demonstrate the imaging of copper oxide nanoparticles in solution using both backscattered and transmitted electrons. In particular, the transmitted electron images collected at high scattering angles show contrast inversion at liquid layer thicknesses of several hundred nanometers, which can be used to determine the presence of liquid in the cell, while maintaining enough resolution to image nanoparticles that are tens of nanometers in size. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that both imaging modes have their advantages for liquid phase imaging and rationalize the contrast inversion observed in the transmitted electron image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aram Yoon
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Herzog
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Grosse
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - See Wee Chee
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pryshchepa O, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, investigation techniques, and properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102246. [PMID: 32977142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique silver properties, especially in the form of nanoparticles (NPs), allow to utilize them in numerous applications. For instance, Ag NPs can be utilized for the production of electronic and solar energy harvesting devices, in advanced analytical techniques (NALDI, SERS), catalysis and photocatalysis. Moreover, the Ag NPs can be useful in medicine for bioimaging, biosensing as well as in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. The Ag NPs utilization requires comprehensive knowledge about their features regarding the synthesis approaches as well as exploitation conditions. Unfortunately, a large number of scientific articles provide only restricted information according to the objects under investigation. Additionally, the results could be affected by artifacts introduced with exploited equipment, the utilized technique or sample preparation stages. However, it is rather difficult to get information about problems, which may occur during the studies. Thus, the review provides information about novel trends in the Ag NPs synthesis, among which the physical, chemical, and biological approaches can be found. Basic information about approaches for the control of critical parameters of NPs, i.e. size and shape, was also revealed. It was shown, that the reducing agent, stabilizer, the synthesis environment, including trace ions, have a direct impact on the Ag NPs properties. Further, the capabilities of modern analytical techniques for Ag NPs and nanocomposites investigations were shown, among other microscopic (optical, TEM, SEM, STEM, AFM), spectroscopic (UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, electron spectroscopy, XRD), spectrometric (MALDI-TOF MS, SIMS, ICP-MS), and separation (CE, FFF, gel electrophoresis) techniques were described. The limitations and possible artifacts of the techniques were mentioned. A large number of presented techniques is a distinguishing feature, which makes the review different from others. Finally, the physicochemical and biological properties of Ag NPs were demonstrated. It was shown, that Ag NPs features are dependent on their basic parameters, such as size, shape, chemical composition, etc. At the end of the review, the modern theories of the Ag NPs toxic mechanism were shown in a way that has never been presented before. The review should be helpful for scientists in their own studies, as it can help to prepare experiments more carefully.
Collapse
|
4
|
Komorek R, Xu B, Yao J, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Yu XY. Probing sulphur clusters in a microfluidic electrochemical cell with synchrotron-based photoionization mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14449-14453. [PMID: 32582899 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02472d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present synchrotron-based mass spectrometry to probe products formed in a lithium sulphide electrolyte. In operando analysis was carried out at two different potentials in a vacuum compatible microfluidic electrochemical cell. Mass spectral observations show that the charged electrolyte formed sulphur clusters under dynamic conditions, demonstrating electrolyte electron shuttling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Komorek
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer Yao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. 94720, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Y, Yao J, Son J, Zhu Z, Yu XY. Liquid ToF-SIMS revealing the oil, water, and surfactant interface evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11771-11782. [PMID: 32227050 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bilge water from ships is regarded as a major pollutant in the marine environment. Bilge water exists in a stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion form. However, little is known about the O/W liquid-liquid (l-l) interface. Traditional bulk characterization approaches are not capable of capturing the chemical changes at the O/W l-l interface. Although surfactants are deemed essential in droplet formation, their roles in bilge water stabilization have not been fully revealed. We have utilized novel in situ chemical imaging tools including in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to study the evolving O/W interface using a NAVY bilge model for the first time. The droplet size distribution (DSD) does not change significantly without the addition of X-100 surfactants under static or rocking conditions. Both the oil components and the water clusters are shown to evolve over time at the O/W droplet interface by in situ liquid SIMS imaging. Of particular interest to droplet stabilization, the contribution of surfactants to the aged bilge droplets becomes more significant as the droplet size increases. The higher mass surfactant component does not appear on the droplet surface immediately while many lower mass surfactants are solvated inside the droplet. We have provided the first three-dimensional images of the evolving O/W interface and demonstrated that in situ surface chemical mapping is powerful enough to reveal the complex and dynamic l-l interface in the liquid state. Our observational insights suggest that surfactants are important in mediating droplet growth and facilitating effective separation of bilge water emulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shen
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Jenn Yao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Jiyoung Son
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao J, Ossana A, Chun J, Yu XY. In situ liquid SEM imaging analysis revealing particle dispersity in aqueous solutions. J Microsc 2020; 279:79-84. [PMID: 32412130 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative description on dispersity of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) particles, a key component for waste slurry at Hanford sites, can provide useful knowledge for understanding various physicochemical nature of the waste. In situ liquid scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the dispersity of particles in aqueous conditions using a microfluidic sample holder, System for Analysis at Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI). Secondary electron (SE) images and image analyses were performed to determine particle centroid locations and the distance to the nearest neighbour particle centroid, providing reliable rescaled interparticle distances as a function of ionic strength in acidic and basic conditions. Our finding of the particle dispersity is consistent with physical insights from corresponding particle interactions under physicochemical conditions, demonstrating delicate changes in dispersity of boehmite particles based on novel in situ liquid SEM imaging and analysis. LAY DESCRIPTION: In situ liquid scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the interparticle distance of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) particles, a key component for waste slurry at Hanford sites. This type of quantitative measurement is important to understand various physicochemical nature of the radiological waste containing boehmite. In situ liquid SEM was enabled by a unique vacuum compatible microfluidic cell, System for Analysis at Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI). We collected secondary electron (SE) images and performed image analyses to determine particle centroid locations and the distance to the nearest neighbour particle centroid to arrive at the interparticle distances in acidic and basic conditions. Our results show that delicate changes occur among boehmite particles under different pH conditions using novel in situ SEM imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, U.S.A
| | - A Ossana
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, U.S.A
| | - J Chun
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, U.S.A
| | - X-Y Yu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Venkateshaiah A, Padil VV, Nagalakshmaiah M, Waclawek S, Černík M, Varma RS. Microscopic Techniques for the Analysis of Micro and Nanostructures of Biopolymers and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E512. [PMID: 32120773 PMCID: PMC7182842 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural biopolymers, a class of materials extracted from renewable sources, is garnering interest due to growing concerns over environmental safety; biopolymers have the advantage of biocompatibility and biodegradability, an imperative requirement. The synthesis of nanoparticles and nanofibers from biopolymers provides a green platform relative to the conventional methods that use hazardous chemicals. However, it is challenging to characterize these nanoparticles and fibers due to the variation in size, shape, and morphology. In order to evaluate these properties, microscopic techniques such as optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are essential. With the advent of new biopolymer systems, it is necessary to obtain insights into the fundamental structures of these systems to determine their structural, physical, and morphological properties, which play a vital role in defining their performance and applications. Microscopic techniques perform a decisive role in revealing intricate details, which assists in the appraisal of microstructure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and interfacial properties. This review highlights the significance of various microscopic techniques incorporating the literature details that help characterize biopolymers and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Venkateshaiah
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Vinod V.T. Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Malladi Nagalakshmaiah
- IMT Lille Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM), 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - Stanisław Waclawek
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|