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Borah B, Sharma R, Sharma PK, Barman AK. Novel 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole-derived Ag 16 and Ag 18 nanoclusters: synthesis and optical properties. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14844-14852. [PMID: 39034676 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01606h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Silver and gold nanoclusters are promising nanomaterials for various applications such as sensing, catalysis, and bioimaging. However, their synthetic control and repeatability, and determination of their structures are highly complicated. Only a handful of crystal structures of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) have been reported, while structures of a few others have been reported with the help of mass spectrometry. We synthesized two AgNCs, viz., Ag-MBTNC (Ag16 cluster) and Ag-MBINC (Ag18 cluster) respectively stabilized by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) with excellent repeatability; determined their composition and plausible structures using XPS, TGA and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; and compared their optical properties. Interestingly, Ag-MBTNC is fluorescent while Ag-MBINC is not, although these are synthesized using stabilizing ligands that have difference in only one atom. The structural features of the clusters are found to be similar but they have contrasting optical behaviours due to the effect of one S atom (in 2-MBT) in place of one N atom (in 2-MBI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedanta Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Rohan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Pankaz K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Apurba Kr Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
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2
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Nonappa. Precision nanoengineering for functional self-assemblies across length scales. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13800-13819. [PMID: 37902292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
As nanotechnology continues to push the boundaries across disciplines, there is an increasing need for engineering nanomaterials with atomic-level precision for self-assembly across length scales, i.e., from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Although molecular self-assembly allows atomic precision, extending it beyond certain length scales presents a challenge. Therefore, the attention has turned to size and shape-controlled metal nanoparticles as building blocks for multifunctional colloidal self-assemblies. However, traditionally, metal nanoparticles suffer from polydispersity, uncontrolled aggregation, and inhomogeneous ligand distribution, resulting in heterogeneous end products. In this feature article, I will discuss how virus capsids provide clues for designing subunit-based, precise, efficient, and error-free self-assembly of colloidal molecules. The atomically precise nanoscale proteinic subunits of capsids display rigidity (conformational and structural) and patchy distribution of interacting sites. Recent experimental evidence suggests that atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters display an anisotropic distribution of ligands and patchy ligand bundles. This enables symmetry breaking, consequently offering a facile route for two-dimensional colloidal crystals, bilayers, and elastic monolayer membranes. Furthermore, inter-nanocluster interactions mediated via the ligand functional groups are versatile, offering routes for discrete supracolloidal capsids, composite cages, toroids, and macroscopic hierarchically porous frameworks. Therefore, engineered nanoparticles with atomically precise structures have the potential to overcome the limitations of molecular self-assembly and large colloidal particles. Self-assembly allows the emergence of new optical properties, mechanical strength, photothermal stability, catalytic efficiency, quantum yield, and biological properties. The self-assembled structures allow reproducible optoelectronic properties, mechanical performance, and accurate sensing. More importantly, the intrinsic properties of individual nanoclusters are retained across length scales. The atomically precise nanoparticles offer enormous potential for next-generation functional materials, optoelectronics, precision sensors, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Facutly of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland.
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3
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Burratti L, Zannotti M, Maranges V, Giovannetti R, Duranti L, De Matteis F, Francini R, Prosposito P. Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel with Silver Nanoclusters for Water Pb(II) Ions Filtering. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020133. [PMID: 36826304 PMCID: PMC9957228 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels modified with luminescent silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are synthesized by a photo-crosslinking process. The hybrid material thus obtained is employed to filter Pb(II) polluted water. Under the best conditions, the nanocomposite is able to remove up to 80-90% of lead contaminant, depending on the filter composition. The experimental results indicate that the adsorption process of Pb(II) onto the modified filter can be well modeled using the Freundlich isotherm, thus revealing that the chemisorption is the driving process of Pb(II) adsorption. In addition, the parameter n in the Freundlich model suggests that the adsorption process of Pb(II) ions in the modified hydrogel is favored. Based on the obtained remarkable contaminant uptake capacity and the overall low cost, this hybrid system appears to be a promising sorbent material for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Burratti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zannotti
- Department School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Ceneri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Valentin Maranges
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Giovannetti
- Department School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Ceneri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Duranti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio De Matteis
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Francini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Prosposito
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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4
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Aparna A, Sreehari H, Chandran A, Anjali KP, Alex AM, Anuvinda P, Gouthami GB, Pillai NP, Parvathy N, Sadanandan S, Saritha A. Ligand-protected nanoclusters and their role in agriculture, sensing and allied applications. Talanta 2021; 239:123134. [PMID: 34922101 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nano biotechnology, when coupled with green chemistry, can revolutionize human life because of the vast opportunities and benefits it can offer to the quality of human life. Luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs) have recently developed as a potential research area with applications in different areas like medical, imaging, sensing etc. Recently these new candidates have proved to be beneficial in the food supply chain enabling controlled release of nutrients, pesticides and as nanosensors for the detection of contaminants and play roles in healthy food storage and maintaining food quality. An assortment of nanomaterials has been employed for these applications and reviews have been published on the use of nanotechnology in agriculture. Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters are a distinctive class of small organic-inorganic nanostructures that garnered immense research interest in recent years owing to their stability at specific "magic size" compositions along with tunable properties that make them promising candidates for a wide range of nanotechnology-based applications. This review tries to consolidate the recent developments in the area of ligand-protected nanoclusters in connection with the detection of pesticides, food contaminants, heavy metal ions and plant growth monitoring for healthy agricultural practices. Its antimicrobial activity to manage the microbial contamination is highlighted. The review also throws light on the various perspectives by which food production and allied areas will be transformed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok Aparna
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - H Sreehari
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Amrutha Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - K P Anjali
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Ansu Mary Alex
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - P Anuvinda
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - G B Gouthami
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Neeraja P Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - N Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Sandhya Sadanandan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Appukuttan Saritha
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India.
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5
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Bolli E, Kaciulis S, Mezzi A, Ambrogi V, Nocchetti M, Latterini L, Di Michele A, Padeletti G. Hydroxyapatite Functionalized Calcium Carbonate Composites with Ag Nanoparticles: An Integrated Characterization Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2263. [PMID: 34578579 PMCID: PMC8469523 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, composite materials very promising for biomedical and pharma-ceutical applications were investigated. They are composed of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a matrix constituted of calcium carbonate functionalized with hydroxyapatite (HA-FCC). The composites were obtained by different synthesis methods, starting from a mixture of the silver acetate with HA-FCC (using adsorption or mixing in wet conditions methods) and then treating them by exposure to visible light or calcination to promote the silver reduction; a synthetic procedure based on ultrasound-assisted reduction with NaBH4 or citrate was also carried out. The characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis also involved the reference sample of HA-FCC matrix. Then the morphology of the Ag NPs and the crystalline structure of HA-FCC were studied by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. To assess the effectiveness of the different methods on silver reduction, the Auger parameters α' were calculated and compared. The use of this methodology based on the Auger parameter is neither trivial nor ordinary. We demonstrate its validity since the different values of this parameter allow to identify the oxidation state of silver and consequently to evaluate the formation yield of metallic Ag NPs in the HA-FCC matrix and the effectiveness of the different reduction methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bolli
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Rome, Italy; (S.K.); (A.M.); (G.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Saulius Kaciulis
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Rome, Italy; (S.K.); (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Rome, Italy; (S.K.); (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Valeria Ambrogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (V.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Morena Nocchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (V.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | | | - Giuseppina Padeletti
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Rome, Italy; (S.K.); (A.M.); (G.P.)
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6
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Toro RG, Adel AM, de Caro T, Federici F, Cerri L, Bolli E, Mezzi A, Barbalinardo M, Gentili D, Cavallini M, Al-Shemy MT, Montanari R, Caschera D. Evaluation of Long-Lasting Antibacterial Properties and Cytotoxic Behavior of Functionalized Silver-Nanocellulose Composite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4198. [PMID: 34361390 PMCID: PMC8347877 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Materials possessing long-term antibacterial behavior and high cytotoxicity are of extreme interest in several applications, from biomedical devices to food packaging. Furthermore, for the safeguard of the human health and the environment, it is also stringent keeping in mind the need to gather good functional performances with the development of ecofriendly materials and processes. In this study, we propose a green fabrication method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles supported on oxidized nanocellulose (ONCs), acting as both template and reducing agent. The complete structural and morphological characterization shows that well-dispersed and crystalline Ag nanoparticles of about 10-20 nm were obtained in the cellulose matrix. The antibacterial properties of Ag-nanocomposites (Ag-ONCs) were evaluated through specific Agar diffusion tests against E. coli bacteria, and the results clearly demonstrate that Ag-ONCs possess high long-lasting antibacterial behavior, retained up to 85% growth bacteria inhibition, even after 30 days of incubation. Finally, cell viability assays reveal that Ag-ONCs show a significant cytotoxicity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Grazia Toro
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (R.G.T.); (T.d.C.); (F.F.); (L.C.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Abeer Mohamed Adel
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (M.T.A.-S.)
| | - Tilde de Caro
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (R.G.T.); (T.d.C.); (F.F.); (L.C.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Fulvio Federici
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (R.G.T.); (T.d.C.); (F.F.); (L.C.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Luciana Cerri
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (R.G.T.); (T.d.C.); (F.F.); (L.C.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (R.G.T.); (T.d.C.); (F.F.); (L.C.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (R.G.T.); (T.d.C.); (F.F.); (L.C.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Marianna Barbalinardo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via P. Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Denis Gentili
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via P. Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Cavallini
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via P. Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Mona Tawfik Al-Shemy
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (M.T.A.-S.)
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Caschera
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Council of Research, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (R.G.T.); (T.d.C.); (F.F.); (L.C.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
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7
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Zhang N, Zhang X, Tao L, Jiang P, Ye C, Lin R, Huang Z, Li A, Pang D, Yan H, Wang Y, Xu P, An S, Zhang Q, Liu L, Du S, Han X, Wang D, Li Y. Silver Single‐Atom Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO
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Reduction Synthesized from Thermal Transformation and Surface Reconstruction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Ye
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
| | - Dawei Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Sufeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Licheng Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 P. R. China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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8
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Zhang N, Zhang X, Tao L, Jiang P, Ye C, Lin R, Huang Z, Li A, Pang D, Yan H, Wang Y, Xu P, An S, Zhang Q, Liu L, Du S, Han X, Wang D, Li Y. Silver Single-Atom Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Synthesized from Thermal Transformation and Surface Reconstruction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6170-6176. [PMID: 33274797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report an Ag1 single-atom catalyst (Ag1 /MnO2 ), which was synthesized from thermal transformation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and surface reconstruction of MnO2 . The evolution process of Ag NPs to single atoms is firstly revealed by various techniques, including in situ ETEM, in situ XRD and DFT calculations. The temperature-induced surface reconstruction process from the MnO2 (211) to (310) lattice plane is critical to firmly confine the existing surface of Ag single atoms; that is, the thermal treatment and surface reconstruction of MnO2 is the driving force for the formation of single Ag atoms. The as-obtained Ag1 /MnO2 achieved 95.7 % Faradic efficiency at -0.85 V vs. RHE, and coupled with long-term stability for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). DFT calculations indicated single Ag sites possessed high electronic density close to Fermi Level and could act exclusively as the active sites in the CO2 RR. As a result, the Ag1 /MnO2 catalyst demonstrated remarkable performance for the CO2 RR, far surpassing the conventional Ag nanosized catalyst (AgNP /MnO2 ) and other reported Ag-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sufeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Licheng Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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