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Combining the External Medical Knowledge Graph Embedding to Improve the Performance of Syndrome Differentiation Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2088698. [PMID: 36777631 PMCID: PMC9908338 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2088698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The electronic medical records (EMRs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) include a wealth of TCM knowledge and syndrome diagnosis information, which is crucial for improving the quality of TCM auxiliary decision-making. In practical diagnosis, one disease corresponds to one syndrome, posing considerable hurdles for the informatization of TCM. The purpose of this work was to create an end-to-end TCM diagnostic model, and the knowledge graph (KG) created in this article is used to improve the model's information and realize auxiliary decision-making for TCM disorders. We approached auxiliary decision-making for syndrome differentiation in this article as a multilabel classification task and presented a knowledge-based decision support model for syndrome differentiation (KDSD). Specifically, we created a KG based on TCM features (TCMKG), supplementing the textual representation of medical data with embedded information. Finally, we proposed fusing medical text with KG entity representation (F-MT-KER) to get prediction results using a linear output layer. After obtaining the vector representation of the medical record text using the BERT model, the vector representation of various KG embedded models can provide additional hidden information to a certain extent. Experimental results show that our method improves by 1% (P@1) on the syndrome differentiation auxiliary decision task compared to the baseline model BERT. The usage of EMRs can aid TCM development more efficiently. With the help of entity level representation, character level representation, and model fusion, the multilabel classification method based on the pretraining model and KG can better simulate the TCM syndrome differentiation of the complex cases.
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Information Extraction from the Text Data on Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review on Tasks, Challenges, and Methods from 2010 to 2021. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1679589. [PMID: 35600940 PMCID: PMC9122692 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1679589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) began several thousand years ago, and the knowledge of practitioners is recorded in paper and electronic versions of case notes, manuscripts, and books in multiple languages. Developing a method of information extraction (IE) from these sources to generate a cohesive data set would be a great contribution to the medical field. The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the status of IE from TCM sources over the last 10 years. Methods We conducted a search of four literature databases for articles published from 2010 to 2021 that focused on the use of natural language processing (NLP) methods to extract information from unstructured TCM text data. Two reviewers and one adjudicator contributed to article search, article selection, data extraction, and synthesis processes. Results We retrieved 1234 records, 49 of which met our inclusion criteria. We used the articles to (i) assess the key tasks of IE in the TCM domain, (ii) summarize the challenges to extracting information from TCM text data, and (iii) identify effective frameworks, models, and key findings of TCM IE through classification. Conclusions Our analysis showed that IE from TCM text data has improved over the past decade. However, the extraction of TCM text still faces some challenges involving the lack of gold standard corpora, nonstandardized expressions, and multiple types of relations. In the future, IE work should be promoted by extracting more existing entities and relations, constructing gold standard data sets, and exploring IE methods based on a small amount of labeled data. Furthermore, fine-grained and interpretable IE technologies are necessary for further exploration.
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Patient-Oriented Herb Recommendation System Based on Multi-Graph Convolutional Network. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented herb recommendation system aims to analyze the patients’ symptoms and recommends a set of herbs as the prescription to treat diseases. In addition to symptoms, the patients’ personal properties and induced diagnoses are also essential for treatment making. Specifically, for different age groups, the treatments are different. However, the existing studies only use symptoms to represent patients and ignore the patients’ multidimensional features modeling. Thus, these models are insufficiently personalized. Meanwhile, most of these existing herb recommendation models based on graphs have not distinguished the effects of different node types. To address the above limitations, we propose a model named Patient-Oriented Multi-Graph Convolutional Network-based Herb Recommendation system (PMGCN). The prediction model contains two effective modules, patient portraits modeling and herb interactions modeling, to learn representations for patients and enhance herb interactions. First, we depict the patient portrait to enrich the individualized features. To distinguish personal properties, symptoms, and diagnoses, we adopt the type-aware attention mechanism, thereby improving the accuracy of personalized herb recommendation. Next, we build two herb-interaction graphs and design type-aware multigraph convolution networks to capture the interactions of herbs and patient features. In this way, our model emphasizes the impact of the patient portrait on diagnosis induction and herb selection. Experimental studies demonstrate that our method outperforms the compared methods and confirms the significance of patient portraits. In conclusion, this research proposes type-aware multigraph convolution networks and adds patient portraits modeling to simulate TCM prescriptions making.
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Ma J, Gong X, Wang Z, Xie Q. SDTM: A Novel Topic Model Framework for Syndrome Differentiation in Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:6938506. [PMID: 35028123 PMCID: PMC8752216 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6938506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syndrome differentiation is the most basic diagnostic method in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The process of syndrome differentiation is difficult and challenging due to its complexity, diversity, and vagueness. Recently, artificial intelligent methods have been introduced to discover the regularities of syndrome differentiation from TCM medical records, but the existing DM algorithms failed to consider how a syndrome is generated according to TCM theories. In this paper, we propose a novel topic model framework named syndrome differentiation topic model (SDTM) to dynamically characterize the process of syndrome differentiation. The SDTM framework utilizes latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to discover the latent semantic relationship between symptoms and syndromes in mass of Chinese medical records. We also use similarity measurement method to make the uninterpretable topics correspond with the labeled syndromes. Finally, Bayesian method is used in the final differentiated syndromes. Experimental results show the superiority of SDTM over existing topic models for the task of syndrome differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Ma
- Jiangsu Internet of Things and Mobile Internet Technology Engineering Laboratory, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Gong
- AVIC Xi'an Aircraft Industry Group Company Ltd., Xi'an 710089, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Huaiyin Wu Jutong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaian 223000, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Jiangsu Eazytec Co. Ltd., Wuxi, China
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5
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Shu Z, Jia T, Tian H, Yan D, Yang Y, Zhou X. AIM in Alternative Medicine. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Wang Y, Shi X, Li L, Efferth T, Shang D. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1297-1314. [PMID: 34247564 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a well-established medical system with a long history. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in many fields including TCM. AI will significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of diagnostics, thus increasing the use of effective therapeutic methods for patients. This systematic review provides an updated overview on the major breakthroughs in the field of AI-assisted TCM four diagnostic methods, syndrome differentiation, and treatment. AI-assisted TCM diagnosis is mainly based on digital data collected by modern electronic instruments, which makes TCM diagnosis more quantitative, objective, and standardized. As a result, the diagnosis decisions made by different TCM doctors exhibit more consistency, accuracy, and reliability. Meanwhile, the therapeutic efficacy of TCM can be evaluated objectively. Therefore, AI is promoting TCM from experience to evidence-based medicine, a genuine scientific revolution. Furthermore, huge and non-uniform knowledge on formula-syndrome relationships and the combination rules of herbal TCM formulae could be better standardized with the help of AI analysis, which is necessary for the clinical efficacy evaluation and further optimization on the standardized TCM formulae. AI bridges the gap between TCM and modern science and technology. AI may bring clinical TCM diagnostics closer to western medicine. With the help of AI, more scientific evidence about TCM will be discovered. It can be expected that more unified guidelines for specific TCM syndromes will be issued with the development of AI-assisted TCM therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Xiuming Shi
- Renaissance College, University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Drive, P. O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dong Shang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
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Xing Y, Pi M, Zhang R, Wen T. Study on the TCM Syndromes Evolution and Chinese Herbal Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Different Courses of Disease in TCM "Heat Stage": A Real-World Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:1282957. [PMID: 34221067 PMCID: PMC8225421 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1282957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to analyze and summarize the syndrome distribution, syndrome evolution, and Chinese herb medicine characteristics of T2D in heat stage. METHOD In this study, 228 heat-stage T2D patients were divided into three groups based on the course of disease. Group 1 (the course of disease ≤5 years) included 118 patients. Group 2 (5< the course of disease ≤10 years) had 73 patients. Group 3 (the course of disease >10 years) consisted of 37 patients. The main methods used in our study were complex network community partitioning algorithms and Sankey diagram visualization, based on the clinical electronic medical record data we collected. RESULT In the three groups, the nodes with the highest node degree are all "heat syndrome." Edge weight between "heat" and "dampness," "qi stagnation," "phlegm," "liver," and "stomach" is the largest. During the whole course of treatment, 60.17%, 63.01%, and 62.16% of the patients' syndromes in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were ascribed to the heat stage all the time. The patients' syndromes in groups 1 and 2 easily transformed to the syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin of the spleen and stomach. In group 3, 27% of the patients' syndromes were easily transformed into kidney yin deficiency and qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The largest Chinese herb communities of the patients whose syndromes did not change after treatment in the three groups were all heat-clearing drugs. The proportion of blood-activating drugs in patients with syndrome changes increased significantly after treatment. CONCLUSION (1) The basic syndrome of T2D patients in the heat stage is liver-stomach heat syndrome. (2) T2D patients in the heat stage tend to deteriorate towards the direction of qi and yin deficiency syndrome. However, the longer the course of the disease is, the more likely it is to deteriorate to the direction of kidney yin deficiency syndrome and blood stasis syndrome. (3) Drugs that can help T2D patients in the heat stage to maintain their condition stably are heat-clearing drugs represented by Coptis chinensis, which usually need to be combined with warming interior drugs such as Zingiberis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Pi
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Runshun Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancai Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Data Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen L, Liu X, Zhang S, Yi H, Lu Y, Yao P. Efficacy-specific herbal group detection from traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions via hierarchical attentive neural network model. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 33602205 PMCID: PMC7893975 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mining massive prescriptions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) accumulated in the lengthy period of several thousand years to discover essential herbal groups for distinct efficacies is of significance for TCM modernization, thus starting to draw attentions recently. However, most existing methods for the task treat herbs with different surface forms orthogonally and determine efficacy-specific herbal groups based on the raw frequencies an herbal group occur in a collection of prescriptions. Such methods entirely overlook the fact that prescriptions in TCM are formed empirically by different people at different historical stages, and thus full of herbs with different surface forms expressing the same material, or even noisy and redundant herbs. METHODS We propose a two-stage approach for efficacy-specific herbal group detection from prescriptions in TCM. For the first stage we devise a hierarchical attentive neural network model to capture essential herbs in a prescription for its efficacy, where herbs are encoded with dense real-valued vectors learned automatically to identify their differences on the semantical level. For the second stage, frequent patterns are mined to discover essential herbal groups for an efficacy from distilled prescriptions obtained in the first stage. RESULTS We verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach from two aspects, the first one is the ability of the hierarchical attentive neural network model to distill a prescription, and the second one is the accuracy in discovering efficacy-specific herbal groups. CONCLUSION The experimental results demonstrate that the hierarchical attentive neural network model is capable to capture herbs in a prescription essential to its efficacy, and the distilled prescriptions significantly could improve the performance of efficacy-specific herbal group detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xinglong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Department of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongmei Lu
- Department of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Yao
- Department of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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AIM in Alternative Medicine. Artif Intell Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58080-3_57-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Liu L, Wu X, Liu H, Cao X, Wang H, Zhou H, Xie Q. A semi-supervised approach for extracting TCM clinical terms based on feature words. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:118. [PMID: 32646408 PMCID: PMC7477860 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-1108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A semi-supervised model is proposed for extracting clinical terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine using feature words. METHODS The extraction model is based on BiLSTM-CRF and combined with semi-supervised learning and feature word set, which reduces the cost of manual annotation and leverage extraction results. RESULTS Experiment results show that the proposed model improves the extraction of five types of TCM clinical terms, including traditional Chinese medicine, symptoms, patterns, diseases and formulas. The best F1-value of the experiment reaches 78.70% on the test dataset. CONCLUSIONS This method can reduce the cost of manual labeling and improve the result in the NER research of TCM clinical terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- School of Statistics and Information, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- School of Statistics and Information, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Statistics and Information, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Academic Management, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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11
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Luo S, Xu J, Jiang Z, Liu L, Wu Q, Leung ELH, Leung AP. Artificial intelligence-based collaborative filtering method with ensemble learning for personalized lung cancer medicine without genetic sequencing. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105037. [PMID: 32590103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In personalized medicine, many factors influence the choice of compounds. Hence, the selection of suitable medicine for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is expensive. To shorten the decision-making process for compounds, we propose a computationally efficient and cost-effective collaborative filtering method with ensemble learning. The ensemble learning is used to handle small-sample sizes in drug response datasets as the typical number of patients in a cancer dataset is very small. Moreover, the proposed method can be used to identify the most suitable compounds for patients without genetic data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method to provide effective recommendations without genetic data. We also constructed a reliable dataset that includes eight NSCLC cell lines and ten compounds that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. With the new dataset, the experimental results demonstrated that the dataset shift phenomenon that commonly occurs in practical biomedical data does not occur in this problem. The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method can outperform two state-of-the-art recommender system techniques on both the NCI60 dataset and our new dataset. Our model can be applied to the prediction of drug sensitivity with less labor-intensive experiments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Luo
- Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Zebo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Alex Po Leung
- Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
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12
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Won J, Lee BH, Jung WM, Chae Y, Lee H. Herbal medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases: development of pattern identification algorithms by retrospective analysis of case series data. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Chiang C, Lai YH, Huang BH, Guo WJ, Wu YJ, Chang LC, Hsiao CF. Use of a tolerance interval approach as a statistical quality control tool for traditional Chinese medicine. J Biopharm Stat 2020; 30:873-881. [PMID: 32394789 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2020.1757693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Raw materials for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are often from different resources and its final product may also be made by different sites. Therefore, variabilities from different resources such as site-to-site or within site component-to-component may be expected. Consequently, test for consistency in raw materials, in-process materials, and/or final product has become an important issue in the quality control (QC) process in TCM development. In this paper, a statistical QC process for raw materials and/or the final product of TCM is proposed based on a two sided [Formula: see text]-content, [Formula: see text]-confidence tolerance interval. More specifically, we construct the tolerance interval for a random-effects model to assess the QC of TCM products from different regions and possibly different product batches. The products can be claimed to be consistency when the constructed tolerance interval is within the permitted range. Given the region and batch effects, sample sizes can also be calculated to ensure the desired measure of goodness. An example is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh Chiang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Huang
- Division of Biometry, Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Guo
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jenn Wu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Cheng Chang
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan
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14
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Schnyer RN, Citkovitz C. Inter-Rater Reliability in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Challenging Paradigmatic Assumptions. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:1067-1073. [PMID: 31670570 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa N Schnyer
- Adult Health, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Claudia Citkovitz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Medical School, New York, NY
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15
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Understanding traditional Chinese medicine via statistical learning of expert-specific Electronic Medical Records. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-019-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Vuong QH, Ho MT, Vuong TT, La VP, Ho MT, Nghiem KCP, Tran BX, Giang HH, Giang TV, Latkin C, Nguyen HKT, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Artificial Intelligence vs. Natural Stupidity: Evaluating AI readiness for the Vietnamese Medical Information System. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E168. [PMID: 30717268 PMCID: PMC6406313 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review paper presents a framework to evaluate the artificial intelligence (AI) readiness for the healthcare sector in developing countries: a combination of adequate technical or technological expertise, financial sustainability, and socio-political commitment embedded in a healthy psycho-cultural context could bring about the smooth transitioning toward an AI-powered healthcare sector. Taking the Vietnamese healthcare sector as a case study, this paper attempts to clarify the negative and positive influencers. With only about 1500 publications about AI from 1998 to 2017 according to the latest Elsevier AI report, Vietnamese physicians are still capable of applying the state-of-the-art AI techniques in their research. However, a deeper look at the funding sources suggests a lack of socio-political commitment, hence the financial sustainability, to advance the field. The AI readiness in Vietnam's healthcare also suffers from the unprepared information infrastructure-using text mining for the official annual reports from 2012 to 2016 of the Ministry of Health, the paper found that the frequency of the word "database" actually decreases from 2012 to 2016, and the word has a high probability to accompany words such as "lacking", "standardizing", "inefficient", and "inaccurate." Finally, manifestations of psycho-cultural elements such as the public's mistaken views on AI or the non-transparent, inflexible and redundant of Vietnamese organizational structures can impede the transition to an AI-powered healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Hoang Vuong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | - Manh-Tung Ho
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | | | - Viet-Phuong La
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | - Manh-Toan Ho
- Center for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | | | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hai-Ha Giang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thu-Vu Giang
- Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Carl Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hong-Kong T Nguyen
- A.I. for Social Data Lab (AISDL), Vuong & Associates, Dong Da district, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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Xie G, Cui Z, Peng K, Zhou X, Xia Q, Xu D. Aidi Injection, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection, Could Be Used as an Adjuvant Drug to Improve Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 18:1534735418810799. [PMID: 30482065 PMCID: PMC6432675 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418810799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical research has paid increasing attention to quality of life (QoL) in recent years, but the assessment of QoL is difficult, hampered by the subjectivity, complexity, and adherence of patients and physicians. According to previous studies, QoL in cancer patients is related to performance status (PS) and influenced by chemotherapy-related toxicity. Aidi injection, a traditional Chinese medicine injection, is used as an adjuvant drug to enhance effectiveness of chemotherapy. The study aims to investigate whether Aidi injection could improve QoL by improving PS and reducing toxicity caused by chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medicine University. Data of consecutive patients diagnosed with cancers between January 2014 and June 2017 were retrieved from the electronic medical record system. After a 1:1 propensity score match, patients were then divided into 2 groups based on the therapies used, that is, Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone, and the PS, chemotherapy-related toxicity, and combined medication information were compared. The effect of different dosages of Aidi injection on patients was further explored. Results: A total of 3200 patients were included in this study. Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy exhibited significantly benefit in PS (P < .001, odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-4.8) compared with chemotherapy alone after adjusting for the factors that affect PS. The improvement rate of PS in the Aidi group was significantly higher than in the control group across the stratification of gender, age, tumor type, TNM stage, body mass index, nodal metastasis, prior chemotherapy, chemotherapy regimens, other Chinese tradition medicines, and chemotherapy cycle. Meanwhile, Aidi injection used synchronously with chemotherapeutic drugs could decrease the incident rate of damage to liver and kidney function, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal reactions caused by chemotherapy. Conclusion: It was indicated that the integrative approach combining chemotherapy with Aidi injection, especially with the conventional dosage of Aidi injection, had significant benefit on QoL in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihua Cui
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Peng
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiehai Zhou
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Xia
- 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,3 Third-Grade Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dujuan Xu
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,3 Third-Grade Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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18
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Jung WM, Park IS, Lee YS, Kim CE, Lee H, Hahm DH, Park HJ, Jang BH, Chae Y. Characterization of hidden rules linking symptoms and selection of acupoint using an artificial neural network model. Front Med 2018; 13:112-120. [PMID: 29651775 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Comprehension of the medical diagnoses of doctors and treatment of diseases is important to understand the underlying principle in selecting appropriate acupoints. The pattern recognition process that pertains to symptoms and diseases and informs acupuncture treatment in a clinical setting was explored. A total of 232 clinical records were collected using a Charting Language program. The relationship between symptom information and selected acupoints was trained using an artificial neural network (ANN). A total of 11 hidden nodes with the highest average precision score were selected through a tenfold cross-validation. Our ANN model could predict the selected acupoints based on symptom and disease information with an average precision score of 0.865 (precision, 0.911; recall, 0.811). This model is a useful tool for diagnostic classification or pattern recognition and for the prediction and modeling of acupuncture treatment based on clinical data obtained in a real-world setting. The relationship between symptoms and selected acupoints could be systematically characterized through knowledge discovery processes, such as pattern identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Park
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.,Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seoul, 131-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.,Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.,Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. .,Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Yang K, Zhang R, He L, Li Y, Liu W, Yu C, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu Y, Xu W, Zhou X, Liu B. Multistage analysis method for detection of effective herb prescription from clinical data. Front Med 2017. [PMID: 28623541 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated personalized manifestations in real-world patients and the individualized combination therapies prescribed in clinical settings. In this study, a multistage analysis method that integrates propensity case matching, complex network analysis, and herb set enrichment analysis was proposed to identify effective herb prescriptions for particular diseases (e.g., insomnia). First, propensity case matching was applied to match clinical cases. Then, core network extraction and herb set enrichment were combined to detect core effective herb prescriptions. Effectiveness-based mutual information was used to detect strong herb-symptom relationships. This method was applied on a TCM clinical data set with 955 patients collected from well-designed observational studies. Results revealed that groups of herb prescriptions with higher effectiveness rates (76.9% vs. 42.8% for matched samples; 94.2% vs. 84.9% for all samples) compared with the original prescriptions were found. Particular patient groups with symptom manifestations were also identified to help investigate the indications of the effective herb prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yang
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Runshun Zhang
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liyun He
- Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yubing Li
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Changhe Yu
- Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xinlong Li
- Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Weiming Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Baoyan Liu
- Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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20
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Xu Y, Li N, Lu M, Myers RP, Dixon E, Walker R, Sun L, Zhao X, Quan H. Development and validation of method for defining conditions using Chinese electronic medical record. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2016; 16:110. [PMID: 27542973 PMCID: PMC4992264 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-016-0348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adoption of the electronic medical record (EMR) is rapidly growing in China. Constantly evolving, Chinese EMRs contain vast amounts of clinical and financial data, providing tremendous potential for research and policy use; however, they are only partially standardized and contain free text or unstructured data. To utilize the information contained in Chinese EMRs, the development of data extraction methodology is urgently needed. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate methods to extract clinical information from the Chinese EMR for research use. Methods Using 2010 to 2014 EMR data from YouAn Hospital, a large teaching hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, we developed extraction methods including 40 EMR definitions for defining 6 liver disease, 5 disease severity conditions, and 29 comorbidities and treatments. We conducted a chart review of 450 randomly selected EMRs. Using physician chart review results as a reference, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to validate each EMR definition. Results The sensitivity of the 6 EMR definitions for liver diseases ranged from 78.9 to 100.0 %, and PPV ranged from 82.1 to 100.0 %. The sensitivity of the 5 definitions on disease severity conditions ranged from 91.0 to 100.0 %, and PPV ranged from 79.2 to 100.0 %. Among the 29 EMR definitions for comorbidities and treatments, 23 had sensitivity over 90.0 % and 25 had PPV over 80.0 %. The specificity and NPV for all 40 EMR definitions were over 90.0 %. Conclusion The extraction method developed is a valid way of extracting information on liver diseases, comorbidities and related treatments from YouAn hospital EMRs. Our method should be modified for application to other Chinese EMR systems, following our framework for extracting conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12911-016-0348-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Mingshan Lu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Economics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert P Myers
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elijah Dixon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin Walker
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Libo Sun
- Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hude Quan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Xu D, Zhang M, Zhao T, Ge C, Gao W, Wei J, Zhu KQ. Data-Driven Information Extraction from Chinese Electronic Medical Records. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136270. [PMID: 26295801 PMCID: PMC4546596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a data-driven framework that takes unstructured free text narratives in Chinese Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) as input and converts them into structured time-event-description triples, where the description is either an elaboration or an outcome of the medical event. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our framework uses a hybrid approach. It consists of constructing cross-domain core medical lexica, an unsupervised, iterative algorithm to accrue more accurate terms into the lexica, rules to address Chinese writing conventions and temporal descriptors, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm that innovatively utilizes Normalized Google Distance (NGD) to estimate the correlation between medical events and their descriptions. RESULTS The effectiveness of the framework was demonstrated with a dataset of 24,817 de-identified Chinese EMRs. The cross-domain medical lexica were capable of recognizing terms with an F1-score of 0.896. 98.5% of recorded medical events were linked to temporal descriptors. The NGD SVM description-event matching achieved an F1-score of 0.874. The end-to-end time-event-description extraction of our framework achieved an F1-score of 0.846. DISCUSSION In terms of named entity recognition, the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art supervised learning algorithms (F1-score: 0.896 vs. 0.886). In event-description association, the NGD SVM is superior to SVM using only local context and semantic features (F1-score: 0.874 vs. 0.838). CONCLUSIONS The framework is data-driven, weakly supervised, and robust against the variations and noises that tend to occur in a large corpus. It addresses Chinese medical writing conventions and variations in writing styles through patterns used for discovering new terms and rules for updating the lexica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Meizhuo Zhang
- R & D information China, AstraZeneca, 199 Liangjing Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianwan Zhao
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ge
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Gao
- R & D information China, AstraZeneca, 199 Liangjing Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Wei
- R & D information China, AstraZeneca, 199 Liangjing Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kenny Q Zhu
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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22
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Hsu WWQ, Chan EWY, Zhang ZJ, Lin ZX, Bian ZX, Wong ICK. Chinese medicine students’ views on electronic prescribing: A survey in Hong Kong. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Detection of herb-symptom associations from traditional chinese medicine clinical data. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:270450. [PMID: 25650023 PMCID: PMC4305614 DOI: 10.1155/2015/270450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an individualized medicine by observing the symptoms and signs (symptoms in brief) of patients. We aim to extract the meaningful herb-symptom relationships from large scale TCM clinical data. Methods. To investigate the correlations between symptoms and herbs held for patients, we use four clinical data sets collected from TCM outpatient clinical settings and calculate the similarities between patient pairs in terms of the herb constituents of their prescriptions and their manifesting symptoms by cosine measure. To address the large-scale multiple testing problems for the detection of herb-symptom associations and the dependence between herbs involving similar efficacies, we propose a network-based correlation analysis (NetCorrA) method to detect the herb-symptom associations. Results. The results show that there are strong positive correlations between symptom similarity and herb similarity, which indicates that herb-symptom correspondence is a clinical principle adhered to by most TCM physicians. Furthermore, the NetCorrA method obtains meaningful herb-symptom associations and performs better than the chi-square correlation method by filtering the false positive associations. Conclusions. Symptoms play significant roles for the prescriptions of herb treatment. The herb-symptom correspondence principle indicates that clinical phenotypic targets (i.e., symptoms) of herbs exist and would be valuable for further investigations.
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24
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Song G, Wang Y, Zhang R, Liu B, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhang H, Guo Y, Xue Y, Xu L. Experience inheritance from famous specialists based on real-world clinical research paradigm of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Med 2014; 8:300-9. [PMID: 25159993 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The current modes of experience inheritance from famous specialists in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) include master and disciple, literature review, clinical-epidemiology-based clinical research observation, and analysis and data mining via computer and database technologies. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages. However, a scientific and instructive experience inheritance mode has not been developed. The advent of the big data era as well as the formation and practice accumulation of the TCM clinical research paradigm in the real world have provided new perspectives, techniques, and methods for inheriting experience from famous TCM specialists. Through continuous exploration and practice, the research group proposes the innovation research mode based on the real-world TCM clinical research paradigm, which involves the inheritance and innovation of the existing modes. This mode is formulated in line with its own development regularity of TCM and is expected to become the main mode of experience inheritance in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanli Song
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
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25
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Liu B, Song G, Zhou X, Fan S, Pan X. Clinical data quality problems and countermeasure for real world study. Front Med 2014; 8:352-7. [PMID: 25129380 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Real world study (RWS) has become a hotspot for clinical research. Data quality plays a vital role in research achievement and other clinical research fields. In this paper, the common quality problems in the RWS of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed, and a countermeasure is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runshun Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
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26
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Clinical phenotype network: the underlying mechanism for personalized diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Med 2014; 8:337-46. [PMID: 25115380 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) investigates the clinical diagnosis and treatment regularities in a typical schema of personalized medicine, which means that individualized patients with same diseases would obtain distinct diagnosis and optimal treatment from different TCM physicians. This principle has been recognized and adhered by TCM clinical practitioners for thousands of years. However, the underlying mechanisms of TCM personalized medicine are not fully investigated so far and remained unknown. This paper discusses framework of TCM personalized medicine in classic literatures and in real-world clinical settings, and investigates the underlying mechanisms of TCM personalized medicine from the perspectives of network medicine. Based on 246 well-designed outpatient records on insomnia, by evaluating the personal biases of manifestation observation and preferences of herb prescriptions, we noted significant similarities between each herb prescriptions and symptom similarities between each encounters. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of TCM personalized medicine, we constructed a clinical phenotype network (CPN), in which the clinical phenotype entities like symptoms and diagnoses are presented as nodes and the correlation between these entities as links. This CPN is used to investigate the promiscuous boundary of syndromes and the co-occurrence of symptoms. The small-world topological characteristics are noted in the CPN with high clustering structures, which provide insight on the rationality of TCM personalized diagnosis and treatment. The investigation on this network would help us to gain understanding on the underlying mechanism of TCM personalized medicine and would propose a new perspective for the refinement of the TCM individualized clinical skills.
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Ferreira ADS. Promoting integrative medicine by computerization of traditional Chinese medicine for scientific research and clinical practice: The SuiteTCM Project. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2013; 11:135-9. [PMID: 23506694 DOI: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese and contemporary Western medical practices evolved on different cultures and historical contexts and, therefore, their medical knowledge represents this cultural divergence. Computerization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is being used to promote the integrative medicine to manage, process and integrate the knowledge related to TCM anatomy, physiology, semiology, pathophysiology, and therapy. METHODS We proposed the development of the SuiteTCM software, a collection of integrated computational models mainly derived from epidemiology and statistical sciences for computerization of Chinese medicine scientific research and clinical practice in all levels of prevention. The software includes components for data management (DataTCM), simulation of cases (SimTCM), analyses and validation of datasets (SciTCM), clinical examination and pattern differentiation (DiagTCM, TongueTCM, and PulseTCM), intervention selection (AcuTCM, HerbsTCM, and DietTCM), management of medical records (ProntTCM), epidemiologic investigation of sampled data (ResearchTCM), and medical education, training, and assessment (StudentTCM). DISCUSSION The SuiteTCM project is expected to contribute to the ongoing development of integrative medicine and the applicability of TCM in worldwide scientific research and health care. The SuiteTCM 1.0 runs on Windows XP or later and is freely available for download as an executable application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Sá Ferreira
- Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Modeling in Rehabilitation, Post-graduation Program of Rehabilitation Science, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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