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Kaur G, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of the β-dipyrrinyl triphyrin(2.1.1) ligand and its coordination complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6399-6409. [PMID: 35388850 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00563h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized β-formylphenyl triphyrin(2.1.1) was prepared by coupling β-bromo triphyrin(2.1.1) with 4-formylphenyl boronic acid under Pd(0) coupling conditions. β-Formylphenyl triphyrin(2.1.1) was treated with excess pyrrole under acid catalyzed conditions in CH2Cl2 to obtain dipyrramethanyl triphyrin(2.1.1), which was subjected to oxidation by treating it with DDQ to obtain the desired ligand, β-dipyrrinyl triphyrin(2.1.1). The dipyrrinyl unit of triphyrin(2.1.1) can act as a bidentate ligand to form interesting coordination complexes. Thus, the dipyrrinyl triphyrin(2.1.1) ligand was treated with BF3·(OEt)2 as well as metal salts such as [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2, Pd(acac)2 and Zn(CH3COO)2 to obtain BODIPY-triphyrin(2.1.1), Pd(II)dipyrrin-triphyrin(2.1.1), Ru(II)-dipyrrin-triphyrin(2.1.1) and bis(Zn dipyrrin)-triphyrin(2.1.1) conjugates in good yields. The ligand and all four conjugates were freely soluble in common organic solvents and thoroughly characterized and studied by HR-MS, 1D & 2D NMR spectroscopy, absorption, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD-DFT studies. The optimized structures indicated that the triphyrin(2.1.1) and BODIPY/metal dipyrrin units in the conjugates were oriented w.r.t each other with an angle in the range of 25.18°-77.55°. The spectral studies indicated that the two moieties in the conjugates interact weakly and retain their individual characteristics, whereas electrochemical studies revealed their electron deficient nature. The TD-DFT studies were in agreement with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Abstract
Sometimes named half-porphyrins, bis-pyrrolic dipyrrin ligands endow their metal complexes with unique properties such as the potential to functionalize the heterocyclic backbone or the meso position and the ability to catalyze interesting chemical transformations. Thus, strategies towards the derivatization of or at the meso group and the use of dipyrrin metal complexes for the formation of a broad range of polypyrrolic derivatives such as 2,2'-bis-dipyrrins, nor-/hetero-corroles and porphynoids have been elaborated. Furthermore, the chelating ability of dipyrrins and the possibility of modifying their steric and electronic characteristics by functionalization can be exploited for the development of numerous complexes featuring appealing properties. Hence, C-H activation/amination, polymerization or oxidation reactions can be catalyzed by dipyrrin metal complexes and classical reagents such as Grignard species, Rh-based or Suzuki-Miyaura catalysts have been revisited by incorporation of dipyrrins in the coordination sphere of the metal cations. This contribution aims to review and illustrate all these aspects, highlighting the potential of these complexes for the design and synthesis of valuable organic compounds and metallo-organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane A Baudron
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Current Advances in the Synthesis of Valuable Dipyrromethane Scaffolds: Classic and New Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234348. [PMID: 31795117 PMCID: PMC6930576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the most recent developments on the synthesis of dipyrromethanes, covering classical synthetic strategies, using acid catalyzed condensation of pyrroles and aldehydes or ketones, and recent breakthroughs which allow the synthesis of these type of heterocycles with new substitution patterns.
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Yao Y, Hou CL, Yang ZS, Ran G, Kang L, Li C, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang JL. Unusual near infrared (NIR) fluorescent palladium(ii) macrocyclic complexes containing M-C bonds with bioimaging capability. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10170-10178. [PMID: 32055371 PMCID: PMC6979397 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) luminescent metal complexes are promising probes in bioimaging and biosensing, however they generally suffer from oxygen interference arising from heavy metal effects. We designed new tetradentate macrocyclic benzitripyrrin (C^N^N^N) ligands by combination of M-C bond formation and reducing the π-conjugation to achieve NIR fluorescent Pd complexes (700-1000 nm) with quantum yields up to 14%. To understand the origin of NIR fluorescence, detailed analyses by density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory (DFT/TDDFT) calculations together with femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies suggest that M-C bond formation indeed leads to destabilization of the d-d excited state and less effective quenching of emission; and importantly, small spin-orbital coupling (SOC) and the large singlet-triplet energy gap are the primary causes of the non-population of triplet states. Comparison of PdII and PtII analogues shows that the non-radiative channel of the out-plane vibration of the tripyrrin plane effectively quenches the fluorescence of the PtII complex but not the PdII congener. We also demonstrate the proof-of-concept applications of PdII complexes (Pd-1 and Pd-3) encapsulated in silica nanoparticles, in both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging experiments without oxygen interference. Moreover, pH-induced reversible switching of NIR fluorescence was achieved even intracellularly using the Pd complex (Pd-2), which shows the potential to further develop perspective stimuli-responsive NIR materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Chun-Liang Hou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China .
| | - Zi-Shu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies , Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies , Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China .
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
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Kumar A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties of Aza-BODIPY-Metal Dipyrrinyl Conjugates. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai; Mumbai - 400076 India
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai; Mumbai - 400076 India
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