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Debnath P. Synthesis of highly substituted pyrimidine fused uracils by PhI(OAc)2/TEMPO-catalyzed oxidative insertion of alcohols into N-uracil amidines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2024854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, India
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2
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Zhang FG, Chen Z, Tang X, Ma JA. Triazines: Syntheses and Inverse Electron-demand Diels-Alder Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14555-14593. [PMID: 34586777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triazines are an important class of six-membered aromatic heterocycles possessing three nitrogen atoms, resulting in three types of regio-isomers: 1,2,4-triazines (a-triazines), 1,2,3-triazines (v-triazines), and 1,3,5-triazines (s-triazines). Notably, the application of triazines as cyclic aza-dienes in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition reactions has been established as a unique and powerful method in N-heterocycle synthesis, natural product preparation, and bioorthogonal chemistry. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the advances in the construction of these triazines via annulation and ring-expansion reactions, especially emphasizing recent developments and challenges. The synthetic transformations of triazines are focused on IEDDA cycloaddition reactions, which have allowed access to a wide scope of heterocycles, including pyridines, carbolines, azepines, pyridazines, pyrazines, and pyrimidines. The utilization of triazine IEDDA reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis is also discussed. More importantly, a particular attention is paid on the bioorthogonal application of triazines in fast click ligation with various strained alkenes and alkynes, which opens a new opportunity for studying biomolecules in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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3
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Debnath P, Sahu G, De UC. Synthesis of functionalized pyrimidouracils by ruthenium‐catalyzed oxidative insertion of (hetero)aryl methanols into
N
‐uracil amidines. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry Maharaja Bir Bikram College Agartala India
| | - Gouranga Sahu
- Department of Chemistry Ramkrishna Mahavidyalaya Unakoti India
| | - Utpal C. De
- Department of Chemistry Tripura University Agartala India
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Xiao J, Ren S, Liu Q. Atom-efficient synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazines via Fe-catalyzed cyclization of aldehydes with NH 4I as the sole nitrogen source. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22230-22233. [PMID: 35516622 PMCID: PMC9054497 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An atom-efficient, straightforward method for the synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl-1,3,5-triazines via iron-catalyzed cyclization of aldehydes with NH4I as the sole nitrogen source is demonstrated. This strategy works smoothly under air atmosphere, and affords symmetrical 2,4,6-trisubstituted and unsymmetrical 1,3,5-triazines with yields from 18% to 72%. Compared to other methods, the present protocol provides a straightforward and atom-efficient approach to 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazines using an inexpensive, easily available ammonium salt as the sole nitrogen source. Research into the preliminary mechanism indicates that N-benzylidenebenzimidamides are involved in this cyclization reaction. An atom-efficient, straightforward method for the synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl-1,3,5-triazines via iron-catalyzed cyclization of aldehydes with NH4I as the sole nitrogen source is demonstrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Shuang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China
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Debnath P. TBHP-mediated oxidative synthesis of substituted pyrimido[4,5- d]pyrimidines from N-uracil amidines and methylarenes under metal free conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29831-29839. [PMID: 35559119 PMCID: PMC9092612 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06625j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and operationally simple protocol has been demonstrated for the synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetrasubstituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines via TBHP-mediated direct oxidative coupling of N-uracil amidines and methylarenes under metal-free conditions. Due to the inherent stability of methylarenes compared to aldehydes, the presented synthetic protocol is adaptable to a broad substrate scope, is operationally simple, has no need for stringent protection in the whole preparation process, and has the potential to prepare valuable products that are currently inaccessible or challenging to prepare using conventional methods. It is a significantly important complement to the conventional synthetic methods. The reaction possesses an efficient tandem oxidation-imination-cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College Agartala Tripura-799004 India +3812516728 +3812526607
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6
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Concise Pyrimido[4,5- d]pyrimidine Synthesis via Direct Annulation of N-Uracil Amidines with Benzaldehydes Under Transition Metal Free Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Pardeshi SD, Sathe PA, Pawar BV, Vadagaonkar KS, Chaskar AC. Transition Metal-Free sp3
C-H Functionalization of Arylacetic Acids for the Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin D. Pardeshi
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology; University of Mumbai; 400098 Mumbai India
| | - Pratima A. Sathe
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology; University of Mumbai; 400098 Mumbai India
| | - Balu V. Pawar
- Arts, Commerce and Science College; Jawhar Dist.: Palghar India
| | - Kamlesh S. Vadagaonkar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; 400019 Mumbai India
| | - Atul C. Chaskar
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology; University of Mumbai; 400098 Mumbai India
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Tiwari AR, Nath SR, Joshi KA, Bhanage BM. iEDDA Reaction of the Molecular Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazines via Functionalization of the sp 3 C-H Bond of Acetophenones with Amidines: An Experimental Investigation and DFT Study. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13239-13249. [PMID: 29149566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA)-type reaction to synthesize 1,3,5-trizines from acetophenones and amidines. The use of molecular iodine in a catalytic amount facilitates the functionalization of the sp3 C-H bond of acetophenones. This is a simple and efficient methodology for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazines in good to excellent yields under transition-metal-free and peroxide-free conditions. The reaction is believed to take place via an in situ iodination-based oxidative elimination of formaldehyde. DFT calculations at the M062X/6-31+G(d,p) level were employed to investigate the reaction mechanism. Reaction barriers for the cycloaddition as well as a formaldehyde expulsion steps were computed, and a multistep mechanism starting with the nucleophilic attack by benzamidine on an in situ generated imine intermediate has been proposed. Both local and global reactivity descriptors were used to study the regioselectivity of the addition steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek R Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) , Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Shilpa R Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) , Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Kaustubh A Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) , Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Bhalchandra M Bhanage
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) , Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India
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10
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Synthesis and structural characterization of a highly substituted triazine ring comprising a sterically flexible methylene linker and coordinating substituents. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Tiwari AR, Bhanage BM. Synthesis of quinazolines from 2-aminobenzylamines with benzylamines and N-substituted benzylamines under transition metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10567-10571. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of quinazolines from 2-aminobenzylamines with N-substituted benzylamines in the presence of molecular iodine. The developed methodology works smoothly under transition-metal free, additive free and solvent free conditions and the use of O2 as a green oxidant makes it a greatly economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek R. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT)
- Mumbai
- India
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