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Chen G, Shi P, Zeng L, Feng L, Wang X, Lin X, Sun Y, Fang H, Cao X, Wang X, Yang L, Tian Z. Supramolecular copolymerization through self-correction of non-polymerizable transient intermediates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7796-7804. [PMID: 35865888 PMCID: PMC9258341 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01930b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic control over structures and functions of complex assembly systems has aroused widespread interest. Understanding the complex pathway and transient intermediates is helpful to decipher how multiple components evolve into complex assemblies. However, for supramolecular polymerizations, thorough and quantitative kinetic analysis is often overlooked. Challenges remain in collecting the information of structure and content of transient intermediates in situ with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, the unsolved evolution mechanism of a classical self-sorting supramolecular copolymerization system was addressed by employing multidimensional NMR techniques coupled with a microfluidic technique. Unexpected complex pathways were revealed and quantitatively analyzed. A counterintuitive pathway involving polymerization through the 'error-correction' of non-polymerizable transient intermediates was identified. Moreover, a 'non-classical' step-growth polymerization process controlled by the self-sorting mechanism was unraveled based on the kinetic study. Realizing the existence of transient intermediates during self-sorting can encourage the exploitation of this strategy to construct kinetic steady state assembly systems. Moreover, the strategy of coupling a microfluidic technique with various characterization techniques can provide a kinetic analysis toolkit for versatile assembly systems. The combined approach of coupling thermodynamic and kinetic analyses is indispensable for understanding the assembly mechanisms, the rules of emergence, and the engineering of complex assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Peichen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Longhui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Liubin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xujing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yibin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Self-Assembly and Photochemistry of a Pyrene-Methyl Viologen Supramolecular Fiber System. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8539-8549. [PMID: 34313435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the self-assembly of a donor-acceptor system into nanoscopic structures and the photo processes taking place within these structures. The donor employed is pyrene linked to two β-cyclodextrin molecules (CD-PY-CD), and adamantane-linked methyl viologen attached to the three arms of mesitylene (Ms-(MV2+-AD)3) is the acceptor. CD-PY-CD and Ms-(MV2+-AD)3 when dissolved in water self-assembled into vesicles, which joined together to give long fibers. The self-assembly was studied using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched within the self-assembled system due to efficient photoinduced electron transfer to methyl viologen. Photoinduced electron transfer within the assembly is confirmed through identification of product radical ions in flash photolysis experiments. Steady-state irradiation of the self-assembled system in an optical bench led to the formation of methyl viologen radical cation, which was stable for a few hours. Longevity of the radical cation was attributed to the fast reaction of pyrene radical cation with adjacent pyrene to give an unstable adduct, which slows down the back electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
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Nayak N, Gopidas KR. Self-Assembly of a β-Cyclodextrin Bis-Inclusion Complex into a Highly Crystalline Fiber Network. An Effective Strategy for Null Aggregate Design. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8131-8139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Nayak
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Karical Raman Gopidas
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
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Krishnan SB, Krishnan R, Gopidas KR. Effect ofN-Alkyl Substituents on the Hierarchical Self-Assembly of β-Cyclodextrin-Linked Pyrene-Pyromellitic Diimide Charge-Transfer Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:11451-11460. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumesh Babu Krishnan
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Retheesh Krishnan
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Government College for Women; Trivandrum 695014 India
| | - Karical Raman Gopidas
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi 110001 India
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