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Gao Y, Xiao M, Zou H, Nurwono G, Zgonc D, Birch Q, Nadagouda MN, Park JO, Blotevogel J, Liu C, Hoek EMV, Mahendra S. Laccase Immobilized on Arginine-Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Enhanced Atrazine Degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39132890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated systems have been widely employed for the biotransformation of environmental contaminants. However, the catalytic performance of free enzymes is restricted by the rapid loss of their catalytic activity, stability, and reusability. In this work, we developed an enzyme immobilization platform by elaborately anchoring fungal laccase onto arginine-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS-Arg@Lac). BNNS-Arg@Lac showcased ∼75% immobilization yield and enhanced stability against fluctuating pH values and temperatures, along with remarkable reusability across six consecutive cycles, outperforming free natural laccase (nlaccase). A model pollutant, atrazine, was selected for a proof-of-concept demonstration, given the substantial environmental and public health concerns in agriculture runoff. BNNS-Arg@Lac-catalyzed atrazine degradation rate was nearly twice that of nlaccase. Moreover, BNNS-Arg@Lac consistently demonstrated superior atrazine degradation in synthetic agricultural wastewater and various mediator systems compared to nlaccase. Comprehensive product analysis unraveled distinct degradation pathways for BNNS-Arg@Lac and nlaccase. Overall, this research provides a foundation for the future development of enzyme-nanomaterial hybrids for degrading environmental chemicals and may unlock new potential for green and efficient resource recovery and waste management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 580 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Minhao Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 580 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Glenn Nurwono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Zgonc
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 580 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Quinn Birch
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Office of Research & Development Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Junyoung O Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jens Blotevogel
- CSIRO Environment, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 580 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 580 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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2
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Monteiro RRC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Rocha-Martin J, Vieira RS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biocatalytic production of biolubricants: Strategies, problems and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108215. [PMID: 37473819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worries by the inadequate use of energy and the preservation of nature are promoting an increasing interest in the production of biolubricants. After discussing the necessity of producing biolubricants, this review focuses on the production of these interesting molecules through the use of lipases, discussing the different possibilities (esterification of free fatty acids, hydroesterification or transesterification of oils and fats, transesterification of biodiesel with more adequate alcohols, estolides production, modification of fatty acids). The utilization of discarded substrates has special interest due to the double positive ecological impact (e.g., oil distillated, overused oils). Pros and cons of all these possibilities, together with general considerations to optimize the different processes will be outlined. Some possibilities to overcome some of the problems detected in the production of these interesting compounds will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo S Vieira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil.
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3
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Cui R, Che X, Li L, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang J, Wang Y. Engineered lipase from Janibacter sp. with high thermal stability to efficiently produce long-medium-long triacylglycerols. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Mitsou E, Theochari I, Gad E, Vassiliadi E, Karpenisioti E, Koulis G, Martakos I, Pissaridi K, Thomaidis NS, Xenakis A, Zoumpanioti M. Enzymatic modification of triglycerides in conventional and surfactant-free microemulsions and in olive oil. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Bolivar JM, Woodley JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6251-6290. [PMID: 35838107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Sampaio CS, Angelotti JAF, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Hirata DB. Lipase immobilization via cross-linked enzyme aggregates: Problems and prospects - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:434-449. [PMID: 35752332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we have focused on the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) from lipases, as these are among the most used enzyme in bioprocesses. This immobilization method is considered very attractive due to preparation simplicity, non-use of supports and the possibility of using crude enzyme extracts. CLEAs provide lipase stabilization under extreme temperature or pH conditions or in the presence of organic solvents, in addition to preventing enzyme leaching in aqueous medium. However, it presents some problems in the preparation and limitations in their use. The problems in preparation refer mainly to the crosslinking step, and may be solved using an aminated feeder. The problems in handling have been tackled designing magnetic-CLEAs or trapping the CLEAs in particles with better mechanical properties, the substrate diffusion problems has been reduced by producing more porous-CLEAs, etc. The enzyme co-immobilization using combi-CLEAs is also a new tendency. Therefore, this review explores the CLEAs methodology aimed at lipase immobilization and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Joelise A F Angelotti
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of The External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daniela B Hirata
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Stabilization and operational selectivity alteration of Lipozyme 435 by its coating with polyethyleneimine: Comparison of the biocatalyst performance in the synthesis of xylose fatty esters. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:665-674. [PMID: 34656534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Differently modified Lipozyme 435 (L435) (immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica) preparations were used as biocatalysts in the esterification reaction to synthesize sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) from xylose (acyl acceptor) and lauric/palmitic acids (acyl donors) in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solvent. The L435 treatment with polyethyleneimine (PEI) (2; 25; and 750 KDa) prevented the enzyme leakage in the crude sugar ester reaction product. The 2 KDa PEI coating of this enzyme preparation produced the highest enzyme stability in MEK, buffer solutions (pHs 5 and 7), and methanol aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7. Using an excess of the acyl donor (1:5 xylose: fatty acid molar ratio), high xylose conversions (70-84%) were obtained after 24 h-reaction using both, non-modified and PEI (2 KDa) coated L435, but the PEI treated biocatalyst afforded a higher xylose modification degree. After 5 reuse cycles with the L435 coated with PEI 2 KDa, the xylose conversions only decreased 10%, while with the non-treated biocatalyst they decreased by 37%. The formation of SFAEs was confirmed by mass spectrometry, which showed the presence of xylose mono-, di-, and triesters. They exhibited emulsion capacities close to that of a commercial sucrose monolaurate.
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Enzyme co-immobilization: Always the biocatalyst designers' choice…or not? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gonçalves MCP, Romanelli JP, Guimarães JR, Vieira AC, de Azevedo BP, Tardioli PW. Reviewing research on the synthesis of CALB-catalyzed sugar esters incorporating systematic mapping principles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:865-878. [PMID: 33645353 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1888071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rigorous evidence reviews must follow specific guidelines designed to improve transparency, reproducibility, and to minimize biases to which traditional reviews are susceptible. While evidence synthesis methods, such as systematic reviews and maps, have been used in several research fields, the majority of reviews published in the realm of chemical engineering are nonsystematic. In this study, we incorporated principles of systematic mapping to conduct a literature review covering research on the synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) with Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Our results showed that the simple monosaccharides were the most cited sugars among studies we conducted. The direct use of renewable raw materials and frequently available resources to produce alternative sugar esters (SE) was scarcely reported in our data set. We found that free fatty acids (FFA) were the most commonly cited acyl donors amongst all publications, with lauric, oleic, and palmitic acids accounting for ∼43% of the occurrences. Tertiary alcohols (ter-butyl alcohol (T-but) and 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B)) and ionic liquids were the most used solvents to synthesize SE. The co-occurence analysis of keywords involving solvent terms showed that most of the papers evaluated different solvents as reaction media (mostly in the form of a bisolvent system), also investigating the impact of their choice on sugar ester productivities. Given the potential of reviews informing us of research decisions, this article reveals trends and spaces across CALB-catalyzed SE synthesis research, in addition to introducing a new methodological perspective for developing reviews in the field of chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Romanelli
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Forest Sciences Department, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Renato Guimarães
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pereira de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Forest Sciences Department, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of lipases via interfacial activation on hydrophobic supports: Production of biocatalysts libraries by altering the immobilization conditions. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Plata E, Ruiz M, Ruiz J, Ortiz C, Castillo JJ, Fernández-Lafuente R. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the New 3-((2,3-Diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl Diacetate Using Immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica and Pyridinium Chlorochromate as an Oxidizing Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186501. [PMID: 32899537 PMCID: PMC7555366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To exploit the hydrolytic activity and high selectivity of immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica on octyl agarose (CALB-OC) in the hydrolysis of triacetin and also to produce new value-added compounds from glycerol, this work describes a chemoenzymatic methodology for the synthesis of the new dimeric glycerol ester 3-((2,3-diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl diacetate. According to this approach, triacetin was regioselectively hydrolyzed to 1,2-diacetin with CALB-OC. The diglyceride product was subsequently oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and a dimeric ester was isolated as the only product. It was found that the medium acidity during the PCC treatment and a high 1,2-diacetin concentration favored the formation of the ester. The synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, MS, HR-MS, and NMR techniques. The obtained dimeric ester was evaluated at 100 ppm against seven bacterial strains and two Candida species to identify its antimicrobial activity. The compound has no inhibitory activity against the bacterial strains used but decreased C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth by 49% and 68%, respectively. Hemolytic activity was evaluated, and the results obtained support the use of the dimeric ester to control C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth in non-intravenous applications because the compound shows hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Plata
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Mónica Ruiz
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Jennifer Ruiz
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia;
| | - John J. Castillo
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.C.); (R.F.-L.); Tel.:+57-320-902-6464 (J.J.C.); +34915854804 (R.F.-L.)
| | - Roberto Fernández-Lafuente
- ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.C.); (R.F.-L.); Tel.:+57-320-902-6464 (J.J.C.); +34915854804 (R.F.-L.)
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Kornecki JF, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Siar EH, Kashefi S, Chafiaa M, Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Influence of phosphate anions on the stability of immobilized enzymes. Effect of enzyme nature, immobilization protocol and inactivation conditions. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Composites of Crosslinked Aggregates of Eversa® Transform and Magnetic Nanoparticles. Performance in the Ethanolysis of Soybean Oil. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eversa® Transform 2.0 has been launched to be used in free form, but its immobilization may improve its performance. This work aimed to optimize the immobilization of Eversa® Transform 2.0 by the crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) technique, using almost all the available tools to improve its performance. Several variables in the CLEA preparation were optimized to improve the recovered activity, such as precipitant nature and crosslinker concentration. Moreover, some feeders were co-precipitated to improve the crosslinking step, such as bovine serum albumin, soy protein, or polyethyleneimine. Starch (later enzymatically degraded) was utilized as a porogenic agent to decrease the substrate diffusion limitations. Silica magnetic nanoparticles were also utilized to simplify the CLEA handling, but it was found that a large percentage of the Eversa activity could be immobilized on these nanoparticles before aggregation. The best CLEA protocol gave a 98.9% immobilization yield and 30.1% recovered activity, exhibited a porous structure, and an excellent performance in the transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol: 89.8 wt% of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) yield after 12 h of reaction, while the free enzyme required a 48 h reaction to give the same yield. A caustic polishing step of the product yielded a biodiesel containing 98.9 wt% of FAEEs and a free fatty acids content lower than 0.25%, thus the final product met the international standards for biodiesel. The immobilized biocatalyst could be reused for at least five 12 h-batches maintaining 89.6% of the first-batch yield, showing the efficient catalyst recovery by applying an external magnetic field.
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15
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The Immobilization of Lipases on Porous Support by Adsorption and Hydrophobic Interaction Method. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Four major enzymes commonly used in the market are lipases, proteases, amylases, and cellulases. For instance, in both academic and industrial levels, microbial lipases have been well studied for industrial and biotechnological applications compared to others. Immobilization is done to minimize the cost. The improvement of enzyme properties enables the reusability of enzymes and facilitates enzymes used in a continuous process. Immobilized enzymes are enzymes physically confined in a particularly defined region with retention to their catalytic activities. Immobilized enzymes can be used repeatedly compared to free enzymes, which are unable to catalyze reactions continuously in the system. Immobilization also provides a higher pH value and thermal stability for enzymes toward synthesis. The main parameter influencing the immobilization is the support used to immobilize the enzyme. The support should have a large surface area, high rigidity, suitable shape and particle size, reusability, and resistance to microbial attachment, which will enhance the stability of the enzyme. The diffusion of the substrate in the carrier is more favorable on hydrophobic supports instead of hydrophilic supports. The methods used for enzyme immobilization also play a crucial role in immobilization performance. The combination of immobilization methods will increase the binding force between enzymes and the support, thus reducing the leakage of the enzymes from the support. The adsorption of lipase on a hydrophobic support causes the interfacial activation of lipase during immobilization. The adsorption method also causes less or no change in enzyme conformation, especially on the active site of the enzyme. Thus, this method is the most used in the immobilization process for industrial applications.
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Moreira KDS, de Oliveira ALB, Júnior LSDM, Monteiro RRC, da Rocha TN, Menezes FL, Fechine LMUD, Denardin JC, Michea S, Freire RM, Fechine PBA, Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Lipase From Rhizomucor miehei Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles: Performance in Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) Optimized Production by the Taguchi Method. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:693. [PMID: 32695765 PMCID: PMC7338345 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this communication, it was evaluated the production of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAAE) from the free fatty acids of babassu oil catalyzed by lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), Fe3O4@APTES-RML or RML-MNP for short. MNPs were prepared by co-precipitation coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and used as a support to immobilize RML (immobilization yield: 94.7 ± 1.0%; biocatalyst activity: 341.3 ± 1.2 Up–NPB/g), which were also activated with glutaraldehyde and then used to immobilize RML (immobilization yield: 91.9 ± 0.2%; biocatalyst activity: 199.6 ± 3.5 Up–NPB/g). RML-MNP was characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), proving the incorporation and immobilization of RML on the APTES matrix. In addition, the immobilized biocatalyst presented at 60°C a half-life 16–19 times greater than that of the soluble lipase in the pH range 5–10. RML and RML-MNP showed higher activity at pH 7; the immobilized enzyme was more active than the free enzyme in the pH range (5–10) analyzed. For the production of fatty acid ethyl ester, under optimal conditions [40°C, 6 h, 1:1 (FFAs/alcohol)] determined by the Taguchi method, it was possible to obtain conversion of 81.7 ± 0.7% using 5% of RML-MNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerine da S Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - André L B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lourembergue S de M Júnior
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Thays N da Rocha
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Menezes
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-chemistry, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lillian M U D Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-chemistry, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Juliano C Denardin
- Departamento de Física/Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Michea
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael M Freire
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pierre B A Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-chemistry, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria C M Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, Brazil
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17
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One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.
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18
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Mendez-Sanchez C, Lokha Y, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Effects of Enzyme Loading and Immobilization Conditions on the Catalytic Features of Lipase From Pseudomonas fluorescens Immobilized on Octyl-Agarose Beads. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 32181245 PMCID: PMC7059646 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) has been immobilized on octyl-agarose beads under 16 different conditions (varying pH, ionic strength, buffer, adding some additives) at two different loadings, 1 and 60 mg of enzyme/g of support with the objective of check if this can alter the biocatalyst features. The activity of the biocatalysts versus p-nitrophenyl butyrate and triacetin and their thermal stability were studied. The different immobilization conditions produced biocatalysts with very different features. Considering the extreme cases, using 1 mg/g preparations, PFL stability changed more than fourfolds, while their activities versus pNPB or triacetin varied a 50-60%. Curiously, PFL specific activity versus triacetin was higher using highly enzyme loaded biocatalysts than using lowly loaded biocatalysts (even by a twofold factor). Moreover, stability of the highly loaded preparations was higher than that of the lowly loaded preparations, in many instances even when using 5°C higher temperatures (e.g., immobilized in the presence of calcium, the highly loaded biocatalysts maintained after 24 h at 75°c a 85% of the initial activity, while the lowly loaded preparation maintained only 27% at 70°C). Using the highly loaded preparations, activity of the different biocatalysts versus pNPB varied almost 1.7-folds and versus triacetin 1.9-folds. In this instance, the changes in stability caused by the immobilization conditions were much more significant, some preparations were almost fully inactivated under conditions where the most stable one maintained more than 80% of the initial activity. Results suggested that immobilization conditions greatly affected the properties of the immobilized PFL, partially by individual molecule different conformation (observed using lowly loaded preparations) but much more relevantly using highly loaded preparations, very likely by altering some enzyme-enzyme intermolecular interactions. There is not an optimal biocatalyst considering all parameters. That way, preparation of biocatalysts using this support may be a powerful tool to tune enzyme features, if carefully controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arana-Peña
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalia S. Rios
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mendez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuliya Lokha
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Rios NS, Morais EG, dos Santos Galvão W, Andrade Neto DM, dos Santos JCS, Bohn F, Correa MA, Fechine PBA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Gonçalves LRB. Further stabilization of lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens immobilized on octyl coated nanoparticles via chemical modification with bifunctional agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:313-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Oliveira FL, Souza SP, Bassut J, Álvarez HM, Garcia‐Basabe Y, Alves de Souza ROM, Esteves PM, Gonçalves RSB. Enzyme‐Decorated Covalent Organic Frameworks as Nanoporous Platforms for Heterogeneous Biocatalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:15863-15870. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L. Oliveira
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Stefania P. Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry InstituteUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Jonathan Bassut
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry InstituteUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Heiddy M. Álvarez
- Departamento de Ciências ExatasUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Av. Transnordestina S/N, Novo Horizonte, 252 Feira de Santana BA 44036-900 Brazil
| | - Yunier Garcia‐Basabe
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da NaturezaUniversidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Av. Tancredo Neves, 6731 Foz do Iguaçu PR 85867-970 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. M. Alves de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry InstituteUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Pierre M. Esteves
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Raoni S. B. Gonçalves
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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21
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Rodrigues RC, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, dos Santos JC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Alcantara AR, Barbosa O, Ortiz C, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of lipases on hydrophobic supports: immobilization mechanism, advantages, problems, and solutions. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:746-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Immobilization of lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens on glyoxyl-octyl-agarose beads: Improved stability and reusability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:741-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Abstract
Dextran aldehyde (dexOx), resulting from the periodate oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diol moiety inside dextran, is a polymer that is very useful in many areas, including as a macromolecular carrier for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. In particular, it has been widely used for chemical engineering of enzymes, with the aim of designing better biocatalysts that possess improved catalytic properties, making them more stable and/or active for different catalytic reactions. This polymer possesses a very flexible hydrophilic structure, which becomes inert after chemical reduction; therefore, dexOx comes to be highly versatile in a biocatalyst design. This paper presents an overview of the multiple applications of dexOx in applied biocatalysis, e.g., to modulate the adsorption of biomolecules on carrier surfaces in affinity chromatography and biosensors design, to serve as a spacer arm between a ligand and the support in biomacromolecule immobilization procedures or to generate artificial microenvironments around the enzyme molecules or to stabilize multimeric enzymes by intersubunit crosslinking, among many other applications.
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24
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Arana-Peña S, Mendez-Sanchez C, Rios NS, Ortiz C, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. New applications of glyoxyl-octyl agarose in lipases co-immobilization: Strategies to reuse the most stable lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:989-997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Ortiz C, Ferreira ML, Barbosa O, dos Santos JCS, Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Briand LE, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst? Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00415g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novozym 435 (N435) is a commercially available immobilized lipase produced by Novozymes with its advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - María Luján Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química – PLAPIQUI
- CONICET
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad del Tolima
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira
- Redenção
- Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Laura E. Briand
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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26
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Guimarães JR, Giordano RDLC, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Tardioli PW. Evaluation of Strategies to Produce Highly Porous Cross-Linked Aggregates of Porcine Pancreas Lipase with Magnetic Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:E2993. [PMID: 30453506 PMCID: PMC6278321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of highly porous magnetic crosslinked aggregates (pm-CLEA) of porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) is reported. Some strategies to improve the volumetric activity of the immobilized biocatalyst were evaluated, such as treatment of PPL with enzyme surface-modifying agents (polyethyleneimine or dodecyl aldehyde), co-aggregation with protein co-feeders (bovine serum albumin and/or soy protein), use of silica magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with amino groups (SMNPs) as separation aid, and starch as pore-making agent. The combination of enzyme surface modification with dodecyl aldehyde, co-aggregation with SMNPs and soy protein, in the presence of 0.8% starch (followed by hydrolysis of the starch with α-amylase), yielded CLEAs expressing high activity (immobilization yield around 100% and recovered activity around 80%), high effectiveness factor (approximately 65% of the equivalent free enzyme activity) and high stability at 40 °C and pH 8.0, i.e., PPL CLEAs co-aggregated with SMNPs/bovine serum albumin or SMNPs/soy protein retained 80% and 50% activity after 10 h incubation, respectively, while free PPL was fully inactivated after 2 h. Besides, highly porous magnetic CLEAs co-aggregated with soy protein and magnetic nanoparticles (pm-SP-CLEAs) showed good performance and reusability in the hydrolysis of tributyrin for five 4h-batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Renato Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Raquel de Lima Camargo Giordano
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.
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27
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Arana-Peña S, Lokha Y, Fernández-Lafuente R. Immobilization on octyl-agarose beads and some catalytic features of commercial preparations of lipase a from Candida antarctica (Novocor ADL): Comparison with immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2735. [PMID: 30341806 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA, commercialized as Novocor ADL) was immobilized on octyl-agarose, which is a very useful support for lipase immobilization, and coated with polyethylenimine to improve the stability. The performance was compared to that of the form B of the enzyme (CALB) immobilized on the same support, as both enzymes are among the most popular ones used in biocatalysis. CALA immobilization produced a significant increase in enzyme activity vs. p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB) (by a factor of seven), and the coating with PEI did not have a significant effect on enzyme activity. CALB reduced its activity slightly after enzyme immobilization. Octyl-CALA was less stable than octyl-CALB at pH 9 and more stable at pH 5 and, more clearly, at pH 7. PEI coating only increased octyl-CALA stability at pH 9. In organic solvents, CALB had much better stability in methanol and was similarly stable in acetonitrile or dioxane. In these systems, the PEI coating of octyl-CALA permitted some stabilization. While octyl-CALA was more active vs. pNPB, octyl-CALB was much more active vs. mandelic esters or triacetin. Thus, depending on the specific reaction and the conditions, CALA or CALB may offer different advantages and drawbacks. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2735, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arana-Peña
- Dept. de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuliya Lokha
- Dept. de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Immobilization of Eversa Lipase on Octyl Agarose Beads and Preliminary Characterization of Stability and Activity Features. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eversa is an enzyme recently launched by Novozymes to be used in a free form as biocatalyst in biodiesel production. This paper shows for first time the immobilization of Eversa (a commercial lipase) on octyl and aminated agarose beads and the comparison of the enzyme properties to those of the most used lipase, the isoform B from Candida antarctica (CALB) immobilized on octyl agarose beads. Immobilization on octyl and aminated supports of Eversa has not had a significant effect on enzyme activity versus p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB) under standard conditions (pH 7), but immobilization on octyl agarose beads greatly enhanced the stability of the enzyme under all studied conditions, much more than immobilization on aminated support. Octyl-Eversa was much more stable than octyl-CALB at pH 9, but it was less stable at pH 5. In the presence of 90% acetonitrile or dioxane, octyl-Eversa maintained the activity (even increased the activity) after 45 days of incubation in a similar way to octyl-CALB, but in 90% of methanol, results are much worse, and octyl-CALB became much more stable than Eversa. Coating with PEI has not a clear effect on octyl-Eversa stability, although it affected enzyme specificity and activity response to the changes in the pH. Eversa immobilized octyl supports was more active than CALB versus triacetin or pNPB, but much less active versus methyl mandelate esters. On the other hand, Eversa specificity and response to changes in the medium were greatly modulated by the immobilization protocol or by the coating of the immobilized enzyme with PEI. Thus, Eversa may be a promising biocatalyst for many processes different to the biodiesel production and its properties may be greatly improved following a suitable immobilization protocol, and in some cases is more stable and active than CALB.
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29
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de Lima LN, Mendes AA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Tardioli PW, Giordano RDLC. Performance of Different Immobilized Lipases in the Syntheses of Short- and Long-Chain Carboxylic Acid Esters by Esterification Reactions in Organic Media. Molecules 2018; 23:E766. [PMID: 29584655 PMCID: PMC6017531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain alkyl esters and sugar esters are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their flavor and emulsifying characteristics, respectively. Both compounds can be synthesized via biocatalysis using lipases. This work aims to compare the performance of commercial lipases covalently attached to dry acrylic beads functionalized with oxirane groups (lipases from Candida antarctica type B-IMMCALB-T2-350, Pseudomonas fluorescens-IMMAPF-T2-150, and Thermomyces lanuginosus-IMMTLL-T2-150) and a home-made biocatalyst (lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens adsorbed onto silica coated with octyl groups, named PFL-octyl-silica) in the syntheses of short- and long-chain carboxylic acid esters. Esters with flavor properties were synthetized by esterification of acetic and butyl acids with several alcohols (e.g., ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and isoamyl alcohol), and sugar esters were synthetized by esterification of oleic and lauric acids with fructose and lactose. All biocatalysts showed similar performance in the syntheses of short-chain alkyl esters, with conversions ranging from 88.9 to 98.4%. However, in the syntheses of sugar esters the performance of PFL-octyl-silica was almost always lower than the commercial IMMCALB-T2-350, whose conversion was up to 96% in the synthesis of fructose oleate. Both biocatalysts showed high operational stability in organic media, thus having great potential for biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionete Nunes de Lima
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Aguiar Mendes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil; .
| | | | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel de Lima Camargo Giordano
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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30
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Improved stability of immobilized lipases via modification with polyethylenimine and glutaraldehyde. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 106:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Effect of high salt concentrations on the stability of immobilized lipases: Dramatic deleterious effects of phosphate anions. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Zaak H, Siar EH, Kornecki JF, Fernandez-Lopez L, Pedrero SG, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Effect of immobilization rate and enzyme crowding on enzyme stability under different conditions. The case of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on octyl agarose beads. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Fernandez-Lopez L, Pedrero SG, Lopez-Carrobles N, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, Gorines BC, Otero C, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Physical crosslinking of lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on octyl agarose via coating with ionic polymers. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Fernandez-Lopez L, Virgen-OrtÍz JJ, Pedrero SG, Lopez-Carrobles N, Gorines BC, Otero C, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Optimization of the coating of octyl-CALB with ionic polymers to improve stability and decrease enzyme leakage. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1278212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose J. Virgen-OrtÍz
- Catedrático CONACYT – Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD) – Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Michoacán, A.C. (CIDAM), Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Sara G. Pedrero
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Madrid, Spain and
| | | | - Beatriz C. Gorines
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Madrid, Spain and
| | - Cristina Otero
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Madrid, Spain and
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Virgen-Ortíz JJ, dos Santos JCS, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Barbosa O, Rodrigues RC, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Polyethylenimine: a very useful ionic polymer in the design of immobilized enzyme biocatalysts. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7461-7490. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01639e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the possible roles of polyethylenimine (PEI) in the design of improved immobilized biocatalysts from diverse perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J. Virgen-Ortíz
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo
- A.C. (CIAD)-Consorcio CIDAM
- 58341 Morelia
- Mexico
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira
- Acarape
- Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig
- Ap. 99-03080 Alicante
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad del Tolima
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Av. Bento Gonçalves
- Porto Alegre
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Zucca P, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Sanjust E. Agarose and Its Derivatives as Supports for Enzyme Immobilization. Molecules 2016; 21:E1577. [PMID: 27869778 PMCID: PMC6273708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarose is a polysaccharide obtained from some seaweeds, with a quite particular structure that allows spontaneous gelation. Agarose-based beads are highly porous, mechanically resistant, chemically and physically inert, and sharply hydrophilic. These features-that could be further improved by means of covalent cross-linking-render them particularly suitable for enzyme immobilization with a wide range of derivatization methods taking advantage of chemical modification of a fraction of the polymer hydroxyls. The main properties of the polymer are described here, followed by a review of cross-linking and derivatization methods. Some recent, innovative procedures to optimize the catalytic activity and operational stability of the obtained preparations are also described, together with multi-enzyme immobilized systems and the main guidelines to exploit their performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | | | - Enrico Sanjust
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Virgen-Ortíz JJ, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Hirata DB, Torrestiana-Sanchez B, Rosales-Quintero A, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Relevance of substrates and products on the desorption of lipases physically adsorbed on hydrophobic supports. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 96:30-35. [PMID: 27871382 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) has been physically immobilized on octyl-agarose via interfacial activation. The incubation of the enzyme in 80% ethanol at pH 5 and 25°C has not significant effect on enzyme activity. Moreover, the hydrolysis of 100mM tributyrin catalyzed by this biocatalyst exhibited a quite linear reaction course. However, a new cycle of tributyrin hydrolysis showed a drastic drop in the activity. SDS-PAGE gels of the supernatant and the biocatalyst showed a significant enzyme desorption after the reaction. Similar results could be appreciated using triacetin or sunflower oil, while using 300mM methyl phenyl acetate, butyl butyrate or ethyl butyrate most enzyme molecules remained immobilized. The results show that the detergent properties of some reaction products increase the enzyme release from the hydrophobic support, and this problem increased if the concentration of the reactants increased. Using 500mM tributyrin, even in fully aqueous medium, some enzyme desorption from the support may be observed. Thus, the results show a limitation of this kind of biocatalysts that should be considered in the selection of an industrial lipase biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Virgen-Ortíz
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Catedrático CONACYT - Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Michoacán, A.C., Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro s/n, 58341, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Calzada Miguel A. de Quevedo 2779, 91897, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Daniela B Hirata
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Torrestiana-Sanchez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Calzada Miguel A. de Quevedo 2779, 91897, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Rosales-Quintero
- Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Peirce S, Torrestiana-Sanchez B, Yates M, Rosales-Quintero A, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Evaluation of different commercial hydrophobic supports for the immobilization of lipases: tuning their stability, activity and specificity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21730c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of different lipases on diffferent hydrophobic supportsviainterfacial activation has permitted to tunning enzyme performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio
- Instituto de Catálisis-ICP-CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos
- Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz
| | - Sara Peirce
- Instituto de Catálisis-ICP-CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica
- dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale
| | | | - Malcon Yates
- Instituto de Catálisis-ICP-CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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