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Tisseraud M, Goutal S, Bonasera T, Goislard M, Desjardins D, Le Grand R, Parry CM, Tournier N, Kuhnast B, Caillé F. Isotopic Radiolabeling of the Antiretroviral Drug [ 18F]Dolutegravir for Pharmacokinetic PET Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:587. [PMID: 35631413 PMCID: PMC9143889 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the drug/virus/host interactions at infected cell reservoirs is a key leading to HIV-1 remission for which positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using radiolabeled antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is a powerful asset. Dolutegravir (DTG) is one of the preferred therapeutic options to treat HIV and can be isotopically labeled with fluorine-18. [18F]DTG was synthesized via a three-step approach of radiofluorination/nitrile reduction/peptide coupling with optimization for each step. Radiofluorination was performed on 2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzonitrile in 90% conversion followed by nitrile reduction using sodium borohydride and aqueous nickel(II) chloride with 72% conversion. Final peptide coupling reaction followed by HPLC purification and formulation afforded ready-to-inject [18F]DTG in 5.1 ± 0.8% (n = 10) decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 95 min. The whole process was automatized using a TRACERlab® FX NPro module, and quality control performed by analytical HPLC showed that [18F]DTG was suitable for in vivo injection with >99% chemical and radiochemical purity and a molar activity of 83 ± 18 GBq/µmol (n = 10). Whole-body distribution of [18F]DTG was performed by PET imaging on a healthy macaque and highlighted the elimination routes of the tracer. This study demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo [18F]DTG PET imaging and paved the way to explore drug/virus/tissues interactions in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tisseraud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Thomas Bonasera
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Maud Goislard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Viral Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92032 Paris, France; (D.D.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Viral Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92032 Paris, France; (D.D.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Chris M. Parry
- ViiV Healthcare, 980 Great West Road, London TW8 9GS, UK;
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), 91401 Orsay, France; (M.T.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (N.T.); (B.K.)
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Zhou D, Chu W, Katzenellenbogen JA. Exploration of alcohol-enhanced Cu-mediated radiofluorination toward practical labeling. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2022; 65:13-20. [PMID: 34617619 PMCID: PMC8727449 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using boronic precursors is a promising, general method to label aromatic compounds with [18 F]fluoride. However, in various reports, large amounts of precursor (60 μmol) were needed to achieve high radiochemical conversions (RCCs), which is neither ideal nor practical for the preparation of 18 F radiopharmaceuticals. To investigate this matter, we studied alcohol-enhanced Cu-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using a variety of model reactions in which we varied the concentration of [18 F]fluoride (no carrier added or isotope diluted) and the amount of precursor, base, and Cu(OTF)2 (Py)4 . We found that lower amounts of precursors (e.g., 15 μmol) could be used and that the amount of base (e.g., K2 CO3 or KHCO3 ) played a critical and limiting role in the labeling reactions. Greater than one-equivalent of base and sufficient amounts of precursors and Cu(OTf)2 (Py)4 were required to achieve good to high RCCs. The RCCs were also dependent on the overall concentration of the labeling reactions, with low reaction volumes and high concentrations of reagents being preferred. Our findings will help to improve the design of radiolabeling protocols using alcohol-enhanced copper-mediated radiofluorination of boronic precursors for the preparation of 18 F labeled radiopharmaceuticals and other radiohalogen-labeled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801s
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Wright JS, Kaur T, Preshlock S, Tanzey SS, Winton WP, Sharninghausen LS, Wiesner N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Copper-Mediated Late-stage Radiofluorination: Five Years of Impact on Pre-clinical and Clinical PET Imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:167-206. [PMID: 33748018 PMCID: PMC7968072 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) is emerging as the method of choice for the formation of aromatic C-18F bonds. This minireview examines proof-of-concept, pre-clinical, and in-human imaging studies of new and established imaging agents containing aromatic C-18F bonds synthesized with CMRF. An exhaustive discussion of CMRF methods is not provided, although key developments that have enabled or improved upon the syntheses of fluorine-18 imaging agents are discussed. METHODS A comprehensive literature search from April 2014 onwards of the Web of Science and PubMed library databases was performed to find reports that utilize CMRF for the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, and these represent the primary body of research discussed in this minireview. Select conference proceedings, previous reports describing alternative methods for the synthesis of imaging agents, and preceding fluorine-19 methodologies have also been included for discussion. CONCLUSIONS CMRF has significantly expanded the chemical space that is accessible to fluorine-18 radiolabeling with production methods that can meet the regulatory requirements for use in Nuclear Medicine. Furthermore, it has enabled novel and improved syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals and facilitated subsequent PET imaging studies. The rapid adoption of CMRF will undoubtedly continue to simplify the production of imaging agents and inspire the development of new radiofluorination methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Wiesner
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Lahdenpohja SO, Rajala NA, Rajander J, Kirjavainen AK. Fast and efficient copper-mediated 18F-fluorination of arylstannanes, aryl boronic acids, and aryl boronic esters without azeotropic drying. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:28. [PMID: 31659523 PMCID: PMC6795642 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copper-mediated radiofluorination is a straightforward method to produce a variety of [18F]fluoroarenes and [18F]fluoroheteroarenes. To minimize the number of steps in the production of 18F-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, we have developed a short and efficient azeotropic drying-free 18F-labelling method using copper-mediated fluorination. Our goal was to improve the copper-mediated method to achieve wide substrate scope with good radiochemical yields with short synthesis time. Results Solid phase extraction with Cu (OTf)2 in dimethylacetamide is a suitable activation method for [18F]fluoride. Elution efficiency with Cu (OTf)2 is up to 79% and radiochemical yield (RCY) of a variety of model molecules in the crude reaction mixture has reached over 90%. Clinically relevant molecules, norepinephrine transporter tracer [18F]NS12137 and monoamine transporter tracer [18F]CFT were produced with 16.5% RCY in 98 min and 5.3% RCY in 64 min, respectively. Conclusions Cu (OTf)2 is a suitable elution agent for releasing [18F]fluoride from an anion exchange cartridge. The method is fast and efficient and the Cu-complex is customizable after the release of [18F]fluoride. Alterations in the [18F]fluoride elution techniques did not have a negative effect on the subsequent labelling reactions. We anticipate this improved [18F]fluoride elution technique to supplant the traditional azeotropic drying of [18F]fluoride in the long run and to concurrently enable the variations of the copper-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Orvokki Lahdenpohja
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Annika Rajala
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Kaarina Kirjavainen
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Orlovskaya VV, Modemann DJ, Kuznetsova OF, Fedorova OS, Urusova EA, Kolks N, Neumaier B, Krasikova RN, Zlatopolskiy BD. Alcohol-Supported Cu-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Iodonium Salts under "Minimalist" Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173197. [PMID: 31484375 PMCID: PMC6749259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized precision medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) and related hybrid methods like PET/CT and PET/MRI gain recognition as indispensable tools of clinical diagnostics. A broader implementation of these imaging modalities in clinical routine is closely dependent on the increased availability of established and emerging PET-tracers, which in turn could be accessible by the development of simple, reliable, and efficient radiolabeling procedures. A further requirement is a cGMP production of imaging probes in automated synthesis modules. Herein, a novel protocol for the efficient preparation of 18F-labeled aromatics via Cu-mediated radiofluorination of (aryl)(mesityl)iodonium salts without the need of evaporation steps is described. Labeled aromatics were prepared in high radiochemical yields simply by heating of iodonium [18F]fluorides with the Cu-mediator in methanolic DMF. The iodonium [18F]fluorides were prepared by direct elution of 18F- from an anion exchange resin with solutions of the corresponding precursors in MeOH/DMF. The practicality of the novel method was confirmed by the racemization-free production of radiolabeled fluorophenylalanines, including hitherto unknown 3-[18F]FPhe, in 22-69% isolated radiochemical yields as well as its direct implementation into a remote-controlled synthesis unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Modemann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Olga F Kuznetsova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Olga S Fedorova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Urusova
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Niklas Kolks
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Raisa N Krasikova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
- St.-Petersburg State University, 199034 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Antuganov D, Antuganova Y, Zykova T, Krasikova R. Use of capillary electrophoresis for the determination of impurities in preparations of fluorine-18 labelled PET radiopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 173:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Antuganov D, Zykov M, Timofeev V, Timofeeva K, Antuganova Y, Orlovskaya V, Fedorova O, Krasikova R. Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of Aryl Pinacolboronate Esters: A Straightforward Protocol by Using Pyridinium Sulfonates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Antuganov
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Michail Zykov
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vasilii Timofeev
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ksenija Timofeeva
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yulija Antuganova
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Victoriya Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Raisa Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
- Institute of Chemistry; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; St.-Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya Emb., 13B 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
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A Practical Method for the Preparation of 18F-Labeled Aromatic Amino Acids from Nucleophilic [ 18F]Fluoride and Stannyl Precursors for Electrophilic Radiohalogenation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122231. [PMID: 29244780 PMCID: PMC6149761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent contribution of Scott et al., the substrate scope of Cu-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination with [18F]KF for the preparation of 18F-labeled arenes was extended to aryl- and vinylstannanes. Based on these findings, the potential of this reaction for the production of clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) tracers was investigated. To this end, Cu-mediated radiofluorodestannylation using trimethyl(phenyl)tin as a model substrate was re-evaluated with respect to different reaction parameters. The resulting labeling protocol was applied for 18F-fluorination of different electron-rich, -neutral and -poor arylstannyl substrates in RCCs of 16-88%. Furthermore, this method was utilized for the synthesis of 18F-labeled aromatic amino acids from additionally N-Boc protected commercially available stannyl precursors routinely applied for electrophilic radiohalogenation. Finally, an automated synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine (6-[18F]FMT), 2-[18F]fluoro-l-tyrosine (2-[18F]F-Tyr), 6-[18F]fluoro-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (6-[18F]FDOPA) and 3-O-methyl-6-[18F]FDOPA ([18F]OMFD) was established furnishing these PET probes in isolated radiochemical yields (RCYs) of 32-54% on a preparative scale. Remarkably, the automated radiosynthesis of 6-[18F]FDOPA afforded an exceptionally high RCY of 54 ± 5% (n = 5).
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