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Fu K, Li G, Xu F, Dai T, Su W, Wang H, Li T, Wang Y, Wang J. Nano-Cavities within Nano-Zeolites: The Influencing Factors of the Fabricating Process on Their Catalytic Activities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1923. [PMID: 37446438 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) is a milestone heterogeneous catalyst with single-atom tetrahedral titanium incorporated into silica framework for green oxidation reactions. Although TS-1 catalysts have been industrialized, the strategy of direct hydrothermal synthesis usually produces catalysts with low catalytic activities, which has still puzzled academic and industrial scientists. Post-treatment processes were widely chosen and were proven to be an essential process for the stable production of the high-activity zeolites with hollow structures. However, the reasons why post-treatment processes could improve catalytic activity are still not clear enough. Here, high-performance hollow TS-1 zeolites with nano-sized crystals and nano-sized cavities were synthesized via post-treatment of direct-synthesis nano-sized TS-1 zeolites. The influencing factors of the fabricating processes on their catalytic activities were investigated in detail, including the content of alkali metal ions, the state of titanium centers, hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, and accessibility of micropores. The post-treatment processes could effectively solve these adverse effects to improve catalytic activity and to stabilize production. These findings contribute to the stable preparation of high-performance TS-1 catalysts in both factories and laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Geng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fulin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Tiantong Dai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wen Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Tianduo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yunan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jingui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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Wang R, Xia C, Peng B. Fundamental Understanding and Catalytic Applications of Hollow MFI-type Zeolites. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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TS-1 zeolite with homogeneous distribution of Ti atoms in the framework: synthesis, crystallization mechanism and its catalytic performance. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wei X, Wang YJ, Ren TQ, Wang HY, Wei M. The synthesis of nano-sized TS-1 zeolites under rotational crystallisation conditions can inhibit anatase formation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1015-1020. [PMID: 35494455 PMCID: PMC9047406 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09273k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal synthesis is a typical method for the preparation of TS-1. In the current study, agitation was introduced during the crystallisation stage, and nano-sized TS-1 with little anatase TiO2 was successfully synthesised in a short time (1-8 h). Furthermore, under rotational crystallisation conditions, a series of TS-1 samples was prepared with different crystallisation times, and the products obtained were investigated as catalysts for the oxidative desulfurisation of thiophene from a model fuel. All samples were characterised utilising X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2-adsorption, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. It was found that under rotational crystallisation conditions, nano-sized TS-1 could be synthesised in a short time that had improved efficiency for the oxidative desulfurisation reaction of thiophene in comparison with TS-1 synthesised by static crystallisation for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petroleum & Chemical Industry, Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petroleum & Chemical Industry, Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Tie-Qiang Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petroleum & Chemical Industry, Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petroleum & Chemical Industry, Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petroleum & Chemical Industry, Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
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Wang J, Chen Z, Yu Y, Tang Z, Shen K, Wang R, Liu H, Huang X, Liu Y. Hollow core-shell structured TS-1@S-1 as an efficient catalyst for alkene epoxidation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37801-37808. [PMID: 35541812 PMCID: PMC9075760 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07893b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow core-shell structured TS-1@S-1 zeolite (HCS-TS) was prepared successfully for the first time, which exhibited excellent activity in the epoxidation of alkenes. Combining TEM, UV-vis, UV-Raman, pyridine-IR, solid-state MAS NMR, XPS and so on characterization, the improvement in the catalytic performance of hollow core-shell structured TS-1@S-1 zeolite was credited to the newly formed superior active sites: defective Ti(OSi)3(OH) species in HCS-TS and six-coordinated titanium active species in uncalcined HCS-TS (HCS-TSP). Interestingly, these two different titanium active species in the samples could be constructed through calcination or not in the same synthesis process. A possible formation mechanism was investigated in detail; it indicated that the hollowing treatment of TS-1 in the first step was conducive to the construction of the new superior active sites in the samples, and there was a synergistic effect on the formation of these active sites between TPAOH and TEOS in the second step of the synthesis process. This strategy is feasible to enhance the catalytic performance of TS-1, and is suitable for the synthesis of TS-1 on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - Z Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - Y Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - Z Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - K Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - R Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - H Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - X Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
| | - Y Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058
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