1
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Fernandes RA, Ranjan RS, Choudhary P. K 2S 2O 8-Mediated or Azobisisobutyronitrile-Catalyzed Regioselective Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of 1-Arylbutadienes to Cinnamaldehydes. Org Lett 2024; 26:6247-6252. [PMID: 39018343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This work reveals the regioselective oxidative cleavage of 1-arylbutadienes to cinnamaldehydes mediated by K2S2O8 or catalyzed by azobisisobutyronitrile, a very common free radical initiator, in an easy to handle, simple procedure and free of transition metals. This approach demonstrates excellent regioselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and compatibility with a broad range of functional groups (45 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Ravikant S Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Priyanka Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
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2
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Joshi H, Paul D, Sathyamoorthi S. Oxidations of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Diols Using NaBr and Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11240-11252. [PMID: 37490704 PMCID: PMC10804234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
We present protocols for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes and for the oxidative cyclization of diols which use a combination of Selectfluor and NaBr. For most substrates, the optimal solvent system is a 1:1 mixture of CH3CN/H2O, but, in select cases, biphasic 1:1 mixtures of EtOAc/H2O or CH2Cl2/H2O are superior. This procedure is operationally simple, uses inexpensive and readily available reagents, and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Mechanistic studies suggest that the active oxidant is hypobromous acid, generated by the almost instantaneous oxidation of Br- by Selectfluor in an aqueous milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Debobrata Paul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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3
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Shan YD, Wu SH, Wang YL, Wang C, Zhi SQ, Liu Y, Han X. Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexanol/Cyclohexanone by Surface Peroxo Species on Cu-Mesoporous TiO 2. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4872-4882. [PMID: 36916853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone (KA-oil) is an important chemical process, which is still constrained by low conversion and selectivity and high energy consumption. In this study, Cu-doped mesoporous TiO2 (Cu-MT) has been successfully synthesized via calcinating MIL-125(Ti) doped with copper acetylacetonate, which shows high reactivity in selective oxidation of cyclohexane to KA-oil by persulfate (PS) with the desirable cyclohexane conversion of 16.8% and a selectivity of 98.0% under mild conditions and the low ratio of PS/cyclohexane of 1:1. A series of characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the doped Cu(I,II) on Cu-MT is the reactive site for non-radical activation of PS with the moderate elongation of the O-O bond in PS, which then abstracts 1H (1H+ + 1e-) from cyclohexane to form Cy• and eventually KA-oil. This study gives new insight on the importance of moderately activated PS in selective oxidation of C-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Shan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Song-Hai Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Le Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Shao-Qi Zhi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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4
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Saha S, Bagdi AK. Visible light-promoted photocatalyst-free activation of persulfates: a promising strategy for C-H functionalization reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3249-3262. [PMID: 35363233 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00109h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The employment of renewable energy resources is highly desirable according to the twelve principles of green chemistry. In this context, visible light promoted organic transformations have gained much attention from synthetic chemists due to the employment of renewable energy. However, the inability of the majority of organic molecules to absorb visible light encouraged the use of photocatalysts in visible light-mediated organic transformations. As a result, different types of photocatalysts like transition-metal containing photoredox catalysts, organophotoredox catalysts, heterogeneous photocatalysts, etc. have emerged over the years. On the other hand, persulphates (K2S2O8, Na2S2O8, and (NH4)2S2O8) have been widely used as oxidants in various oxidative organic transformations under thermal and photochemical conditions. The initial formation of an active persulfate radical anion from a persulfate anion is the crucial step for these oxidative transformations and the conversions under visible light are generally carried out employing different photocatalysts. Although numerous methodologies have been successfully developed employing these photocatalysts, the development of new processes under photocatalyst-free conditions are more preferable from the viewpoint of sustainable development. Persulphates could be very useful for various organic transformations through C-H functionalizations under photocatalyst-free visible light irradiation. In this review, we will exemplify the efficiency of persulphates in various oxidative organic transformations under visible light irradiation without the employment of any photocatalysts. The utilities and mechanistic pathways of the methodologies will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Triveni Devi Bhalotia College (UG+PG), Raniganj, WB-713347, India.
| | - Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB-741235, India
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5
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Politano F, León Sandoval A, Witko ML, Doherty KE, Schroeder CM, Leadbeater NE. Nitroxide‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes to Yield
N
‐Acyl Azoles Using Sodium Persulfate. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Politano
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Arturo León Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Mason L. Witko
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Katrina E. Doherty
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Chelsea M. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Nicholas E. Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
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6
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Laha JK, Hunjan MK. K 2S 2O 8 activation by glucose at room temperature for the synthesis and functionalization of heterocycles in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8437-8440. [PMID: 34342308 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While persulfate activation at room temperature using glucose has primarily been focused on kinetic studies of the sulfate radical anion, the utilization of this protocol in organic synthesis is rarely demonstrated. We reinvestigated selected K2S2O8-mediated known organic reactions that invariably require higher temperatures and an organic solvent. A diverse, mild functionalization and synthesis of heterocycles using the inexpensive oxidant K2S2O8 in water at room temperature is reported, demonstrating the sustainability and broad scope of the method. Unlike traditional methods used for persulfate activation, the current method uses naturally abundant glucose as a K2S2O8 activator, avoiding the use of higher temperature, UV light, transition metals or bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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7
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Lai H, Xu J, Lin J, Zha D. Copper-promoted direct amidation of isoindolinone scaffolds by sodium persulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7621-7626. [PMID: 34308463 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isoindolinones are ubiquitous structural motifs in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Establishing an efficient method for structural modification of isoindolinones could significantly facilitate new drug development. Herein, we describe copper-promoted direct amidation of isoindolinone scaffolds mediated by sodium persulfate. The method exhibits mild reaction conditions and high site-selectivity, and enables the structural modification of the drug indobufen ester with various amides with yields of 49 to 98%. It is also gram-scalable. Additionally, the reaction mechanism appears to involve a radical and a carbocationic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Jiexin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Daijun Zha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China. and Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, China
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8
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Shen D, Wang H, Zheng Y, Zhu X, Gong P, Wang B, You J, Zhao Y, Chao M. Catalyst-Free and Transition-Metal-Free Approach to 1,2-Diketones via Aerobic Alkyne Oxidation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5354-5361. [PMID: 33764062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free and transition-metal-free method for the synthesis of 1,2-diketones from aerobic alkyne oxidation was reported. The oxidation of various internal alkynes, especially more challenging aryl-alkyl acetylenes, proceeded smoothly with inexpensive, easily handled, and commercially available potassium persulfate and an ambient air balloon, achieving the corresponding 1,2-diketones with up to 85% yields. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies indicated a radical process, and the two oxygen atoms in the 1,2-diketons were most likely from persulfate salts and molecular oxygen, respectively, rather than water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xinjing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Peiwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Mianran Chao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
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9
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Jin L, Zhang XL, Guo RL, Wang MY, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Fluoroalkoxylation of Benzaldehydes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1921-1927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xing-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Rui-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Meng-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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10
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Mu B, Wu J, Zhang G. Alternative Approach for the Synthesis of Nitroaromatic Olefins via Dehydrogenative Nitration of Easily Available Arylethanes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202008041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Nozawa‐Kumada K, Kurosu S, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Peroxydisulfate‐Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative C(sp
3
)−H Bond Lactonization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurosu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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12
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Sathyamoorthi S, Lai YH, Bain RM, Zare RN. Mechanistic Analysis of the C–H Amination Reaction of Menthol by CuBr2 and Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5681-5687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yin-Hung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ryan M. Bain
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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