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Roy R, Chawla S, Sharma V, Pal AK, Silori Y, Datta A, De AK, Koner AL. Ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge separation in Perylenemonoimide-embedded multichromophores: impact of regioisomerism. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6363-6377. [PMID: 38699268 PMCID: PMC11062123 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) has recently evolved as an emerging concept offering its potential to the latest generation of organic photovoltaics. However there are several concerns that need to be addressed to reach the state-of-the-art in SB-CS chemistry, for instance, the desirable molecular geometry, interchromophoric distance and extent of electronic coupling. To shed light on those features, it is reported herein, that ortho-functionalized perylene monoimide (PMI) constituted regioisomeric dimer and trimer derivatives with varied molecular twisting and electronic conjugation have been synthesized. In steady-state photophysical studies, all the dimers and trimer derivatives exhibit a larger bathochromic shift in the emission spectra and a significant reduction of fluorescence quantum yield in polar DMF. Among the series of multichromophores, ortho- and self-coupled dimers display the strikingly different optical feature of SB-CS with a very fast charge separation rate (τCS = 80.2 ps) upon photoexcitation in DMF, which is unveiled by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) studies. The SB-CS for two dimers is well-supported by the formation of PMI˙+ and PMI˙- bands in the fs-TA spectra. Further analysis of fs-TA data revealed that, among the other multichromophores the trimer also exhibits a clear charge separation, whereas SB-CS signatures are less prominent, but can not be completely disregarded, for the meta- and para-dimers. Additionally, the charge separation dynamics of those above-mentioned PMI derivatives are devoid of a kinetically favorable excimer or triplet formation. The evidence of a profound charge transfer phenomenon in the ortho-dimer is characterized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on excited state electronic structures. The excitonic communications in the excited state electronic arrangements unravel the key role of dihedral twisting in SB-CS. The thermodynamic feasibility of CS (ΔGCS) and activation barrier (ΔG≠) of the derivatives in DMF are established from the Rehm-Weller equation and Marcus's theory, respectively. This work is an in-depth study of the effect of mutual orientation of PMIs and regioisomerism in determining sustainable guidelines for using SB-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Yogita Silori
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Arijit K De
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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Khan A, Mallik S, Koner AL. Perylene-Based Smart Fluoroprobe with Dual Function: Ratiometric Response toward Hazardous Organic Peroxides and Pure White Light Generation via Self-Assembly. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37134254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we have designed and synthesized a perylene-based smart fluoroprobe (PBE) in which the perylene core has been functionalized with the boronate group at the peri-position. PBE shows a very fast and ratiometric response toward harmful organic peroxides (OPs) generated in old ethereal solvents via auto-oxidation. The response toward OPs takes place with a visible color change from green to yellow, which could be easily observed with the naked eye. The reaction between PBE and OPs involves the cleavage of the boronate group and its consequent conversion into the -OH group. The response of PBE toward OPs was monitored using UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Additionally, we have also explored the self-assembly of PBE in an organic-aqueous solvent mixture, which shows pure white light emission (WLE) with the CIE coordinates (0.33, 0.33) in a 50% dimethyl sulfoxide-water mixture. This work clearly reveals that PBE fluoroprobe can be employed for sensitive detection of hazardous OPs present in old ethereal solvents. Moreover, the ability of PBE to generate the perfect pure WLE makes it a potential candidate for application in organic light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasif Khan
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sriya Mallik
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Pratibha, Kapoor A, Rajput JK, Kumar A. Dualistic Fluorescence as Well as Portable Smartphone-Assisted RGB-Relied Sensing Assay for the Ultra-Sensitive Determination of Pendimethalin in Food and Water Samples by AIEE Active Organic Probes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17685-17691. [PMID: 36503263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a peculiar fluorometric as well as smartphone-assisted RGB-relied sensing assay is introduced for determining pendimethalin (PDM) herbicide contents (in parts per trillion level) based on the anthracene-incorporated pyrimidinone/thione probes (S1 to S4). These compounds offered a unique and impressive aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behavior by aggregation in H2O-dimethylformamide medium. Furthermore, these AIEE active compounds were found to display superior selectivity and extraordinary sensitivity for PDM detection via fluorescence quenching response. The extent of quenching degree was found to be linearly varied with the PDM concentration ranging from 0 to 20 nM, with a lower limit of detection of 367.8 pM (103.4 ppt) by S3 nanoaggregates. The detailed investigation revealed that such a high sensitivity of the designed sensor toward PDM is attributable to the existence of dual "photoinduced charge transfer and Förster resonance energy transfer process mechanisms". The Stern-Volmer plots, Job's plot, Benesi-Hildebrand plot, and 1H NMR titrations as well indicated the existence of substantial interactions between the sensor and PDM. The conducted selectivity tests provided distinguishable selectivity for PDM detection over various other insecticides/pesticides as well as other structural nitro analogues. Additionally, the presented sensing assay was also applied to quantify the PDM residues in spiked food (vegetables, fruits, and grains) and water samples. In addition, the sensor-coated fluorescent paper test strips were also fabricated for on-site detection of PDM. The applicability of smartphone-relied RGB analysis significantly streamlined the operation process, speeds up the detection procedure, and also offered a novel methodology for real-time analysis of PDM in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Atul Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Roy R, Sajeev NR, Sharma V, Koner AL. Aggregation Induced Emission Switching Based Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Detection of Biogenic Diamines Using a Perylenediimide-Based Smart Fluoroprobe. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47207-47217. [PMID: 31738046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the widely explored phenomenon "aggregation-induced emission (AIE)" has played a crucial role in the development of luminescent materials for light-emitting applications. In the same direction, the contribution of its sister concept "AIE switching" has been impressive. In comparison, the application of this concept in the field of biosensing or bioimaging is still in its infancy. Therefore, to shed light into the sensing of bioanalytes, we have developed a new perylenediimide (PDI)-based small fluorescent probe, benzoannulated PDI (Bp(Im)2MA), that selectively detects diamines and biogenic amines (BAs) in solution via an "AIE-switching" phenomenon. The synthesized probe containing the bay-annulated anhydride moiety exhibits strong cyan emission in solution. In the mechanism, we have shown that the terminal free amine group of BAs readily reacts with a highly reactive anhydride moiety, which opens the cyclic anhydride moiety. In the open conformation, the free amine group along with a carboxylate group modulates the polarity of the system strikingly. Because of this induced polarity, the monomer of Bp(Im)2MA-BAs conjugate aggregated in solution, thereby exhibiting a significant change in emission property in solution. This method may also be called a very simple and straightforward "naked eye" detection of BAs in solution, with a nanomolar detection limit. A detailed spectroscopic and microscopic investigation demonstrated the existence of the aggregated state. As the reporter dye also emits strongly in the solid state (yellowish orange), it therefore instantly made vapor-phase detection of BAs feasible. Finally, this vapor-phase detection of BAs by the probe was applied very effectively in the determination of spoilage of raw fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Bionanotechonlogy Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Nihara R Sajeev
- Bionanotechonlogy Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Bionanotechonlogy Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechonlogy Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
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Sharma V, Kovida, Sahoo D, Varghese N, Mohanta K, Koner AL. Synthesis and photovoltaic application of NIR-emitting perylene-monoimide dyes with large Stokes-shift. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30448-30452. [PMID: 35530228 PMCID: PMC9072103 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient Sonogashira coupling protocol is developed for tetra-alkynylation at the bay and peri-positions of the perylene-monoimide (PMI) dye in its PMI(Br)4 form. The absorption band for these PMI dyes covered from the visible to Near-infrared (NIR) region and PMI(NMe2)4 is found to exhibit a record-breaking Stokes-shifted NIR emission with good photovoltaic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Kovida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Dhananjaya Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Nonu Varghese
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Technology & PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Peelamedu, Avinashi Road Coimbatore 641004 Tamilnadu India
| | - Kallol Mohanta
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Technology & PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Peelamedu, Avinashi Road Coimbatore 641004 Tamilnadu India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
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Shelkovnikov VV, Kargapolova IY, Korotaev SV, Orlova NA, Rybalova TV, Chuikov IP. Three-color luminescent transformation of the julolidine pyrylo/pyridocyanine dyes in the adsorbed state. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sahoo D, Sharma V, Roy R, Varghese N, Mohanta K, Koner AL. Synthesis of highly-soluble push-pull perylenemonoimide derivatives by regioselective peri-functionalization for switchable memory applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 55:103-106. [PMID: 30515487 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective synthetic protocol is developed via tetrabromination of perylenemonoimide (PMI) which leads to a series of PMI derivatives. The push-pull characteristics of these derivatives are established by spectroscopic and theoretical investigations. Finally, the semiconducting properties of the PMI dyes are utilized for the development of a switchable memory device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Sharma V, Puthumana U, Karak P, Koner AL. Visible-Light-Triggered Generation of Ultrastable Radical Anion from Nitro-substituted Perylenediimides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11458-11462. [PMID: 30110539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for visible-light-triggered generation of radicals from mono- and dinitro-substituted perylenediimide derivatives is developed. UV-vis-NIR and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements were carried out to confirm the formation of radicals. Most importantly, these radical anions were remarkably stable for several months. Subsequently, the reversible nature of anions was validated by both chemical and spectroelectrochemical methods for applications in electrochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Unnikrishnan Puthumana
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Pirudhan Karak
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
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