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Kumar S L, Servesh A, Chundattu SJ, Tabassum S, Govindaraju S. Elevating pyrrole derivative synthesis: a three-component revolution. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10884-y. [PMID: 38769226 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pyrrole is an essential chemical with considerable relevance as a pharmaceutical framework for many biologically necessary medications. The growing demand for biologically active compounds calls for a simple one-pot method for generating novel pyrrole derivatives. Nots surprisingly, several multicomponent reactions (MCRs) aim to synthesize pyrrole derivatives. However, this review presents the three-component synthesis of pyrrole derivatives, highlighting the significance of multicomponent reaction in synthesizing eclectic multi-functionalised pyrrole covering the selected literature on the three-component synthesis of substituted pyrrole from 2016 to late 2023. Furthermore, this article classifies the reactions based on the starting material with functional groups involved in the pyrrole ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar S
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST - Deemed to Be University, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Anushka Servesh
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST - Deemed to Be University, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Sony J Chundattu
- Department of Sciences & Humanities, CHRIST - Deemed to Be University, Bengaluru, 560074, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumaiya Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Surana College, Bengaluru, 560074, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh Govindaraju
- Department of Sciences & Humanities, CHRIST - Deemed to Be University, Bengaluru, 560074, Karnataka, India.
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Das P, Devi N, Gaur N, Goswami S, Dutta D, Dubey R, Puzari A. Acrylonitrile adducts: design, synthesis and biological evaluation as antimicrobial, haemolytic and thrombolytic agent. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6209. [PMID: 37069316 PMCID: PMC10110592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, five acrylonitrile adducts were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC 1305) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (MTCC 443). Synthesis was followed by aza-Michael addition reaction, where the acrylonitrile accepts an electron pair from the respective amines and results in the formation of n-alkyliminobis-propionitrile and n-alkyliminopropionitrile under microwave irradiation. Characterization of the compounds were performed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). The particle size characterization was done by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique. The antibacterial study showed higher inhibition rate for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial ability was found to be dose dependent. The minimum inhibitory concentration against both bacteria were found to be 1, 3, 0.4, 1, 3 µl/ml for E. coli and 6, 6, 0.9, 0.5, 5 µl/ml for B. subtilis. Time-kill kinetics evaluation showed that the adducts possess bacteriostatic action. Further it was evaluated for high-throughput in vitro assays to determine the compatibility of the adducts for drug delivery. The haemolytic and thrombolytic activity was analysed against normal mouse erythrocytes. The haemolytic activity showed prominent results, and thereby projecting this acrylonitrile adducts as potent antimicrobial and haemolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parineeta Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumoukedima, Nagaland, 797103, India
| | - Nirmala Devi
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nisha Gaur
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Swagata Goswami
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Dhiraj Dutta
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Rama Dubey
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Amrit Puzari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumoukedima, Nagaland, 797103, India.
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Gubaidullin RR, Spivak AY, Maistrenko VN, Parfenova LV. Au(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of [3,2‐
b
]pyrrole‐fused Pentacyclic Triterpenoids. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R. Gubaidullin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Anna Yu. Spivak
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | | | - Lyudmila V. Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
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Saigal, Khizr M, Sahoo SC, Khan MM. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystallographic study and in silico ADME predictions of functionalized nitropyrrole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Arylglyoxals are important synthons that have been used in the construction of a diverse spectrum of compounds. The use of multicomponent approaches in organic synthesis due to its environmentally friendly nature is a step forward towards sustainability. This review will offer the reader insightful perspectives on the use of arylglyoxals for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds like pyrroles, pyrazoles, furans, imidazoles, indoles, oxazoles, pyridines, quinazolines, pyrans, etc using multicomponent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Khan MM, Shareef S, Saigal, Sahoo SC. A catalyst- and solvent-free protocol for the sustainable synthesis of fused 4 H-pyran derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26393-26401. [PMID: 35531009 PMCID: PMC9070424 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and cost-effective method was developed for the synthesis of two kinds of fused 4H-pyran derivatives, namely, dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole 4 and pyrano[3,2-c]chromenone 6. The reactions of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone/4-hydroxycoumarin with aromatic aldehydes and (E)-N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (NMSM), involving the Knoevenagel, Michael-addition, O-cyclization and elimination reactions under thermal heating, afforded the desired products. The synthesized compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. Further, the structures of pyrazole-fused 4H-pyran 4a and coumarin-fused 4H-pyran 6b were confirmed by single-crystal XRD analysis. The short reaction time, good-to-excellent yields, elimination of the use of expensive, metallic and toxic catalysts or hazardous organic solvents and high atom-economy are some noteworthy features of this protocol. A practical and greener method for the synthesis of highly functionalized pyrazole and coumarin fused 4H-pyran derivatives by exploring NMSM under neat conditions at 110 °C is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Musawwer Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
| | | | - Saigal
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
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Saigal S, Khan S, Rahman H, Shafiullah S, Khan MM. NitroketeneN,S-acetals: synergistic building blocks for the synthesis of heterocycles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14477-14502. [PMID: 35519324 PMCID: PMC9064196 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00630c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel heterocyclic compounds from simple and easily accessible starting components is of significant importance in medicinal chemistry. Due to the presence of active chromophores and potent pharmacological activities, nitroketene N,S-acetals have emerged as a fascinating building block in organic synthesis. The synergistic skeleton of these acetals and the presence of electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing groups lead to the generation of distinctive structural features and are highly useful for building diverse heterocyclic rings. This review highlights the preparation of different nitroketene N,S-acetals and their applications in the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic compounds. This review highlights the synthesis of several kinds of nitroketene N,S-acetals and their applications in the synthesis of different kinds of heterocyclic compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Saigal Saigal
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Sarfaraz Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of General Studies
- Jubail Industrial College
- Jubail
- Saudi Arabia
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