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Traboni S, Esposito F, Ziaco M, De Cesare N, Bedini E, Iadonisi A. Catalytic Cleavage of the 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) Protecting Group under Neat Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:3284-3288. [PMID: 38547490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the first solvent-free catalytic approach for the cleavage of the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protecting group from amine and alcohol functionalities. Various saccharide, peptide, and glyco-amino acid substrates were efficiently deprotected by simple treatment with 20 mol % neat 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (one of the effective base catalysts found), without any solvent or stoichiometric additives. Small model structures were finally assembled through one-pot, base-catalyzed, solvent-free multistep sequences combining the Fmoc cleavage with esterification, amidation, and/or glycosylation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Noemi De Cesare
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Capasso D, Esposito F, Iadonisi A. Adaptation of Zemplén's conditions for a simple and highly selective approach to methyl 1,2-trans glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 528:108824. [PMID: 37141732 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
1,2-trans methyl glycosides can be readily obtained from peracetylated sugars through their initial conversion into glycosyl iodide donors and subsequent exposure of these latter to a slight excess of sodium methoxide in methanol. Under these conditions a varied set of mono- and disaccharide precursors afforded the corresponding 1,2-trans glycosides with concomitant de-O-acetylation in satisfying yields (in the range 59-81%). A similar approach also proved effective when using GlcNAc glycosyl chloride as the donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies (CESTEV), University of Naples Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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Traboni S, Esposito F, Ziaco M, Bedini E, Iadonisi A. A comprehensive solvent-free approach for the esterification and amidation of carboxylic acids mediated by carbodiimides. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Silipo A, Vessella G, Iadonisi A. Solvent‐Free Glycosylation from per‐
O
‐Acylated Donors Catalyzed by Methanesulfonic Acid. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
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Traboni S, Vessella G, Bedini E, Iadonisi A. Solvent-free, under air selective synthesis of α-glycosides adopting glycosyl chlorides as donors. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5157-5163. [PMID: 32583825 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Glycosides are highly relevant synthetic targets due to their abundance in natural oligosaccharides involved in many biological processes. Nevertheless their preparation is hampered by several issues, due to both the strictly anhydrous conditions typically required in glycosylation procedures and the non-trivial achievement of high α-stereoselectivity, one of the major challenges in oligosaccharide synthesis. In this paper we report a novel and efficient approach for the highly stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosides. This is based on the unprecedented solvent-free combination of triethylphosphite, tetrabutylammonium bromide and N,N-diisopropylethylamine for the activation of glycosyl chlorides under air. Despite the relative stability of glycosyl chlorides with respect to more reactive halide donors, the solvent-free procedure allowed a wide set of α-glycosides, including biorelevant fragments, to be obtained in much shorter times compared with similar glycosylation approaches in solution. The presented method features a wide target scope and functional group compatibility, also serving with partially disarmed substrates, and it does not require a high stoichiometric excess of reagents nor the preparation of expensive precursors. The solvent-free glycosylation can be even directly performed from 1-hydroxy sugars without purification of the in situ generated chloride, providing an especially useful opportunity in the case of highly reactive and labile glycosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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6
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Catalytic, Regioselective Sulfonylation of Carbohydrates with Dibutyltin Oxide under Solvent-Free Conditions. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple approach was developed for the solvent-free regioselective functionalization of carbohydrate polyols with 4-toluesulfonyl (tosyl) group, allowing the easy and quick activation of a saccharide site with a tosylate leaving group. The method is based on the use of catalytic dibutyltin oxide and tetrabuylammonium bromide (TBAB), and a moderate excess of N,N-diisopropylethyl amine (DIPEA) and tosyl chloride (TsCl), leading to the selective functionalization at 75 °C of a secondary equatorial hydroxy function flanked by an axial one in a pyranoside. The procedure is endowed with several advantages, such as the use of cheap reagents, experimental simplicity, and the need for reduced reaction times in comparison with other known approaches.
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Ziaco M, Fioretto L, Nuzzo G, Fontana A, Manzo E. Short Gram-Scale Synthesis of Sulfavant A. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ziaco
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- BioSearch Srl., Villa Comunale c/o Stazione Zoologica “A. Dohrn” Napoli 80121, Italy
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, Milano 20138, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
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Solvent-Free Approaches in Carbohydrate Synthetic Chemistry: Role of Catalysis in Reactivity and Selectivity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their abundance in biomass and availability at a low cost, carbohydrates are very useful precursors for products of interest in a broad range of scientific applications. For example, they can be either converted into basic chemicals or used as chiral precursors for the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules, even including nonsaccharide targets; in addition, there is also a broad interest toward the potential of synthetic sugar-containing structures in the field of functional materials. Synthetic elaboration of carbohydrates, in both the selective modification of functional groups and the assembly of oligomeric structures, is not trivial and often entails experimentally demanding approaches practiced by specialized groups. Over the last years, a large number of solvent-free synthetic methods have appeared in the literature, often being endowed with several advantages such as greenness, experimental simplicity, and a larger scope than analogous reactions in solution. Most of these methods are catalytically promoted, and the catalyst often plays a key role in the selectivity associated with the process. This review aims to describe the significant recent contributions in the solvent-free synthetic chemistry of carbohydrates, devoting a special critical focus on both the mechanistic role of the catalysts employed and the differences evidenced so far with corresponding methods in solution.
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One-pot synthesis of orthogonally protected sugars through sequential base-promoted/acid-catalyzed steps: A solvent-free approach with self-generation of a catalytic species. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Manzo E, Gallo C, Fioretto L, Nuzzo G, Barra G, Pagano D, Krauss IR, Paduano L, Ziaco M, DellaGreca M, De Palma R, Fontana A. Diasteroselective Colloidal Self-Assembly Affects the Immunological Response of the Molecular Adjuvant Sulfavant. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7807-7814. [PMID: 31459869 PMCID: PMC6711358 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are components of vaccine that enhance the specific immune response against co-inoculated antigens. Recently, we reported the characterization of a synthetic sulfolipid named Sulfavant A (1) as a promising candidate of a novel class of molecular adjuvants based on the sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol skeleton. Here, we report an improved synthesis of the sulfolipid scaffold, as well as the preparation of two analogs named Sulfavant-S (2) and Sulfavant-R (3) with enhanced property to modulate master immune targets such as human dendritic cells (DCs). According to the present approach, synthesis of 1 is reduced from 14 to 11 steps with nearly triplication of the overall yield (11%). The new members 2 and 3 elicit DC maturation at a concentration of 10 nM, which is 1000 times more potent than the parent molecule 1. Analysis of dynamic light scattering indicates self-assembly of Sulfavants and formation of colloidal particles with a small hydrodynamic radius (50 nm) for the epimers 2 and 3 and a larger radius (150 nm) for 1. The colloidal aggregates are responsible for the bell-shaped dose-response curve of these products. We conclude that the particle size also affects the equilibrium with free monomers, thus determining the effective concentration of the sulfolipid molecule at the cellular targets and the different immunological efficacy of 1-3. Sulfavants (1-3) do not show in vitro cytotoxicity at concentrations 105 higher than the dose that triggers maximal immune response, thus predicting a low level of toxicological risk in their formulation in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giusi Barra
- Dept.
of Precision Medicine, Second University
of Naples, c/o II Policlinico
(Bd. 3), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Pagano
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Dept.
of Precision Medicine, Second University
of Naples, c/o II Policlinico
(Bd. 3), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
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Cucciolito ME, De Luca Bossa F, Esposito R, Ferraro G, Iadonisi A, Petruk G, D'Elia L, Romanetti C, Traboni S, Tuzi A, Monti DM, Merlino A, Ruffo F. C-Glycosylation in platinum-based agents: a viable strategy to improve cytotoxicity and selectivity. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00664d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of five-coordinate Pt(ii) compounds through a Pt–C linkage can be a very effective strategy for attacking cancer cells, while preserving the survival of the healthy ones.
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