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Kawashima K, Márquez RA, Smith LA, Vaidyula RR, Carrasco-Jaim OA, Wang Z, Son YJ, Cao CL, Mullins CB. A Review of Transition Metal Boride, Carbide, Pnictide, and Chalcogenide Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37967475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal borides, carbides, pnictides, and chalcogenides (X-ides) have emerged as a class of materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Because of their high earth abundance, electrical conductivity, and OER performance, these electrocatalysts have the potential to enable the practical application of green energy conversion and storage. Under OER potentials, X-ide electrocatalysts demonstrate various degrees of oxidation resistance due to their differences in chemical composition, crystal structure, and morphology. Depending on their resistance to oxidation, these catalysts will fall into one of three post-OER electrocatalyst categories: fully oxidized oxide/(oxy)hydroxide material, partially oxidized core@shell structure, and unoxidized material. In the past ten years (from 2013 to 2022), over 890 peer-reviewed research papers have focused on X-ide OER electrocatalysts. Previous review papers have provided limited conclusions and have omitted the significance of "catalytically active sites/species/phases" in X-ide OER electrocatalysts. In this review, a comprehensive summary of (i) experimental parameters (e.g., substrates, electrocatalyst loading amounts, geometric overpotentials, Tafel slopes, etc.) and (ii) electrochemical stability tests and post-analyses in X-ide OER electrocatalyst publications from 2013 to 2022 is provided. Both mono and polyanion X-ides are discussed and classified with respect to their material transformation during the OER. Special analytical techniques employed to study X-ide reconstruction are also evaluated. Additionally, future challenges and questions yet to be answered are provided in each section. This review aims to provide researchers with a toolkit to approach X-ide OER electrocatalyst research and to showcase necessary avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Raúl A Márquez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lettie A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Rinish Reddy Vaidyula
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Omar A Carrasco-Jaim
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yoon Jun Son
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chi L Cao
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- H2@UT, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Zhang J, Zhu W, Pei Y, Liu Y, Qin Y, Zhang X, Wang Q, Yin Y, Guiver MD. Hierarchically Porous Co-N-C Cathode Catalyst Layers for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4165-4169. [PMID: 31368182 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a new class of metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) material with 3 D microstructure, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are used to synthesize highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, as substitutes for commercial Pt/C in anion exchange membrane fuel cells. However, to form an effective catalyst layer (CL), the relationship between the microstructure of the ZIF-derived catalyst and the fuel cell performance must be investigated. In this work, a hierarchically porous CL based on the carbon black (CB)-controlled synthesis of a Co-based ZIF (denoted as ZIF-CB-700) is constructed to optimize the triple-phase boundary (TPB) and mass transfer. The power density at 40 °C of ZIF-CB-700 (95.4 mW cm-2 ) as cathode catalyst is about 4 times higher than that of the catalyst synthesized in the absence of CB and is comparable to that of the commercial 60 % Pt/C catalyst (112.0 mW cm-2 ). Both online and offline measurements suggest that the morphology and microstructure of the CL is crucial to form an active TPB region, dominating the fuel cell performance rather than only the high catalyst activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Weikang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yabiao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhou Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Qingfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Michael D Guiver
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
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