1
|
Ruban SM, Ramadass K, Singh G, Talapaneni SN, Kamalakar G, Gadipelly CR, Mannepalli LK, Sugi Y, Vinu A. Organocatalysis with carbon nitrides. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2188879. [PMID: 37007670 PMCID: PMC10054243 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2188879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides, a distinguished class of metal-free catalytic materials, have presented a good potential for chemical transformations and are expected to become prominent materials for organocatalysis. This is largely possible due to their low cost, exceptional thermal and chemical stability, non-toxicity, ease of functionalization, porosity development, etc. Especially, the carbon nitrides with increased porosity and nitrogen contents are more versatile than their bulk counterparts for catalysis. These N-rich carbon nitrides are discussed in the earlier parts of the review. Later, the review highlights the role of such carbon nitride materials for the various organic catalytic reactions including Knoevenagel condensation, oxidation, hydrogenation, esterification, transesterification, cycloaddition, and hydrolysis. The recently emerging concepts in carbon nitride-based organocatalysis have been given special attention. In each of the sections, the structure-property relationship of the materials was discussed and related to their catalysis action. Relevant comparisons with other catalytic materials are also discussed to realize their real potential value. The perspective, challenges, and future directions are also discussed. The overall objective of this review is to provide up-to-date information on new developments in carbon nitride-based organic catalysis reactions that could see them rising as prominent catalytic materials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujanya Maria Ruban
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Gunda Kamalakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Sugi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tayyab M, Liu Y, Min S, Muhammad Irfan R, Zhu Q, Zhou L, Lei J, Zhang J. Simultaneous hydrogen production with the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by a noble-metal-free photocatalyst VC/CdS nanowires. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
One-Pot Thermal Synthesis of g-C 3N 4/ZnO Composites for the Degradation of 5-Fluoruracil Cytostatic Drug under UV-LED Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030340. [PMID: 35159683 PMCID: PMC8838034 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles for the degradation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytostatic drug under UV-LED irradiation. CN/ZnO composites were synthetized by an easy one-pot thermal method, varying the g-C3N4 loading, i.e., from 10 to 67 wt% and a post-thermal exfoliation in air. The physicochemical and optical properties of the materials were analyzed by several techniques. CN/ZnO composites showed a coral-like structure of spherical ZnO wurtzite particles on the g-C3N4 structure. In general, the synergism and heterojunction interface between both phases allowed the enhancement of the mesoporosity, light absorption ability, and the aromaticity of the corresponding composites. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the CN/ZnO composites was increased with the addition of g-C3N4 in comparison with pristine ZnO. The highest activity was found for the composite containing 25 wt% of g-C3N4 (i.e., CN25/ZnO), reaching the total degradation of 5-FU and a mineralization of 48% at 180 min, as well as a good photostability during four reuse cycles. Experiments with different pH solutions and scavengers allowed for the assessment of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the 5-FU degradation pathway, with radicals and non-radical species as the main responsible active species. Furthermore, a tentative photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for CN/ZnO composites.
Collapse
|
4
|
Torregrosa-Chinillach A, Chinchilla R. Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of C-N/C-O to C=N/C=O Bonds Using Metal-Free Photocatalysts: Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:497. [PMID: 35056812 PMCID: PMC8780101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing synthetic transformation using visible light as energy source, in the presence of a photocatalyst as a promoter, is currently of high interest, and oxidation reactions carried out under these conditions using oxygen as the final oxidant are particularly convenient from an environmental point of view. This review summarizes the recent developments achieved in the oxidative dehydrogenation of C-N and C-O bonds, leading to C=N and C=O bonds, respectively, using air or pure oxygen as oxidant and metal-free homogeneous or recyclable heterogeneous photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bolujoko NB, Unuabonah EI, Alfred MO, Ogunlaja A, Ogunlaja OO, Omorogie MO, Olukanni OD. Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148092. [PMID: 34147811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are biocides used as preservatives in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. They possess antibacterial and antifungal activity due to their ability to disrupt cell membrane and intracellular proteins, and cause changes in enzymatic activity of microbial cells. Water, one of our most valuable natural resource, has become a huge reservoir for parabens. Halogenated parabens from chlorination/ozonation of water contaminated with parabens have shown to be even more persistent in water than other types of parabens. Unfortunately, there is dearth of data on their (halogenated parabens) presence and fate in groundwater which serves as a major source of drinking water for a huge population in developing countries. An attempt to neglect the presence of parabens in water will expose man to it through ingestion of contaminated food and water. Although there are reviews on the occurrence, fate and behaviour of parabens in the environment, they largely omit toxicity and removal aspects. This review therefore, presents recent reports on the acute and chronic toxicity of parabens, their estrogenic agonistic and antagonistic activity and also their relationship with antimicrobial resistance. This article further X-rays several techniques that have been employed for the removal of parabens in water and their drawbacks including adsorption, biodegradation, membrane technology and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The heterogeneous photocatalytic process (one of the AOPs) appears to be more favoured for removal of parabens due to its ability to mineralize parabens in water. However, more work is needed to improve this ability of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Perspectives that will be relevant for future scientific studies and which will drive policy shift towards the presence of parabens in our drinking waters are also offered. It is hoped that this review will elicit some spontaneous actions from water professionals, scientists and policy makers alike that will provide more data, effective technologies, and adaptive policies that will address the growing threat of the presence of parabens in our environment with respect to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Bolujoko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I Unuabonah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Moses O Alfred
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Aemere Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa O Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Martins O Omorogie
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olumide D Olukanni
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lopes JC, Sampaio MJ, Fernandes RA, Lima MJ, Faria JL, Silva CG. Outstanding response of carbon nitride photocatalysts for selective synthesis of aldehydes under UV-LED irradiation. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Xiao J, Liu X, Pan L, Shi C, Zhang X, Zou JJ. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Organic Transformation Reactions Using Conjugated Polymers-Based Materials. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianlong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengxiang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ji-Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernandes RA, Sampaio MJ, Dražić G, Faria JL, Silva CG. Efficient removal of parabens from real water matrices by a metal-free carbon nitride photocatalyst. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:135346. [PMID: 31843308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free graphite-like carbon nitride (GCN-500) was obtained by thermal post-treatment of bulk polymeric carbon nitride at 500 °C. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized by morphological, optical and textural analysis techniques. The efficiency of GCN-500 was evaluated under visible (λexc = 417 nm) LED excitation for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-paraben in different water matrices either isolated or in a mixture of the three compounds. The GCN-500 proved to be more efficient than the benchmark TiO2 P25, with complete conversion of the individual parabens within 20 min of irradiation, contrasting with 120 min needed for total degradation using TiO2. Experiments in the presence of selected scavengers confirmed the high importance of superoxide radicals in the photocatalytic oxidation of parabens using GCN-500. The effect of the nature of the aqueous matrix in the kinetics of the photocatalytic process was assessed using ultrapure, tap and river waters spiked with a mixture of the three parabens. Although still very efficient, the complexity of the real water samples turned the degradation process slower due to the presence of other components such as ions and dissolved organic matter. GCN-500 proved to be stable in a continuous-flow system using GCN-500 coated glass rings (GCN-500-GR) to remove MP, EP and PP from real water matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Fernandes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Malefane ME, Ntsendwana B, Mafa PJ, Mabuba N, Feleni U, Kuvarega AT. In‐Situ Synthesis of Tetraphenylporphyrin/Tungsten (VI) Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide (TPP/WO
3
/RGO) Nanocomposite for Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Blue 25. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mope E. Malefane
- Nanotechnology and Water Research UnitUniversity of South Africa, Florida, 1709, Rooderpoort South Africa
| | - Bulelwa Ntsendwana
- Nanotechnology and Water Research UnitUniversity of South Africa, Florida, 1709, Rooderpoort South Africa
| | - Potlako J. Mafa
- Nanotechnology and Water Research UnitUniversity of South Africa, Florida, 1709, Rooderpoort South Africa
| | - Nonhlangabezo Mabuba
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Usisipho Feleni
- Nanotechnology and Water Research UnitUniversity of South Africa, Florida, 1709, Rooderpoort South Africa
| | - Alex T. Kuvarega
- Nanotechnology and Water Research UnitUniversity of South Africa, Florida, 1709, Rooderpoort South Africa
| |
Collapse
|