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S VB, Vadivel M, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Roy A, Kumar S. Benzopyrano-Fused Phenanthridine-Based Columnar Mesogens: Synthesis, Self-organization and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300227. [PMID: 36856078 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Columnar mesogens constitute a fascinating class of supramolecular nano-architectures owing to the exceptional properties induced by their self-assembling behavior. Extending the π-conjugated core in such systems by incorporating heteroatoms extensively influences their mesomorphic, photophysical properties, etc., presenting them as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. In the present work, a series of novel nitrogen and oxygen-incorporated chromenonaphthophenanthridine-based elliptical dimers have been synthesized through tandem Pictet-Spengler cyclization followed by ipso-aromatic substitution in one-pot. Mesophase characterization has been carried out by employing POM, DSC, and X-ray diffraction studies. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-vis and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, the charge transport properties were analyzed by time-of-flight measurements, and the observed ambipolar mobilities were found to be of the order of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The high solubility, excellent thermal stability, self-organizing properties, and ambipolar charge transport characteristics make them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanishree Bhat S
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure es Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, Calais, 62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Arun Roy
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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2
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He C, Wang K, Wang Y, Xu S, Liu Y, Cao S. Properties tuning of supramolecular discotics by non-mesogenic triazines and acids. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shah A, Singh DP, Duponchel B, Krasisnski F, Daoudi A, Kumar S, Douali R. Molecular ordering dependent charge transport in π-stacked triphenylene based discotic liquid crystals and its correlation with dielectric properties. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Vishwakarma VK, Sudhakar AA. Structure-property relationships of quinoxaline-based liquid crystals. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8221-8257. [PMID: 34486640 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00932j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives with different molecular structures stabilizing liquid crystalline self-assembly are discussed in this review. This class of molecules can be systematically modified with careful molecular engineering to achieve different molecular shapes, directing them to self-assemble into various types of mesophases. The structure-property relationships of such molecules and the resultant self-assembled functional structures are of utmost importance in organic electronic devices and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Tober N, Winter J, Jochem M, Lehmann M, Detert H. Tris(5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl)benzotrithiophenes – Discotic Liquid Crystals with Enormous Mesophase Ranges. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tober
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Johannes Winter
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Jochem
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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6
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Termine R, Golemme A. Charge Mobility in Discotic Liquid Crystals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E877. [PMID: 33467214 PMCID: PMC7830985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Discotic (disk-shaped) molecules or molecular aggregates may form, within a certain temperature range, partially ordered phases, known as discotic liquid crystals, which have been extensively studied in the recent past. On the one hand, this interest was prompted by the fact that they represent models for testing energy and charge transport theories in organic materials. However, their long-range self-assembling properties, potential low cost, ease of processability with a variety of solvents and the relative ease of tailoring their properties via chemical synthesis, drove the attention of researchers also towards the exploitation of their semiconducting properties in organic electronic devices. This review covers recent research on the charge transport properties of discotic mesophases, starting with an introduction to their phase structure, followed by an overview of the models used to describe charge mobility in organic substances in general and in these systems in particular, and by the description of the techniques most commonly used to measure their charge mobility. The reader already familiar or not interested in such details can easily skip these sections and refer to the core section of this work, focusing on the most recent and significant results regarding charge mobility in discotic liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Termine
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC SS di Rende, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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Patra A, Swamynathan K, Kumar S. Synthesis of novel regioisomeric phenanthro[a]phenazine derivatives through the SNAr strategy and their self-assembly into columnar phases. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of novel discotic liquid crystalline regioisomers for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Patra
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
| | - K. Swamynathan
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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Shah A, Duponchel B, Gowda A, Kumar S, Becuwe M, Davoisne C, Legrand C, Douali R, Singh DP. Charge transport in phenazine-fused triphenylene discotic mesogens doped with CdS nanowires. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03290e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of oleylamine capped CdS nanowires and we have dispersed a small optimized amount of these NWs in the Colh phase of a recently synthesized phenazine-fused-triphenylene discotic liquid crystal to understand the temperature-dependent charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Shah
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Benoit Duponchel
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-59140 Dunkerque
- France
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore
- India
- Department of Chemistry
- Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT)
| | - Matthieu Becuwe
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS)
- UMR CNRS 7314
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
- Amiens
- France
| | - Carine Davoisne
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS)
- UMR CNRS 7314
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
- Amiens
- France
| | - Christian Legrand
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Redouane Douali
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
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Tober N, Rieth T, Lehmann M, Detert H. Synthesis, Thermal, and Optical Properties of Tris(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazines, New Star-Shaped Fluorescent Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2019; 25:15295-15304. [PMID: 31424134 PMCID: PMC6916359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of tris(aryloxadiazolyl)triazines (TOTs), C3‐symmetrical star‐shaped mesogenes with a 1,3,5‐triazine center, 5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole arms, and various peripheral alkoxy side chains is reported. Threefold Huisgen reaction on a central triazine tricarboxylic acid and suitable aryltetrazoles yields the title compounds. Selected analogues with a benzene center are included in this study and allow for an evaluation of the impact of the central unit on the physical properties. Thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC; polarization optical microscopy, POM), optical (UV/Vis, fluorescence), electric (time of flight, TOF), and structural (single crystal; wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, WAXS) properties of these compounds were investigated. The modification of alkoxy chain length and substitution pattern allows for a tuning of the physical properties. TOTs emit blue to yellow light, depending on conjugation length, donor–acceptor substitution, and solvent polarity, whereas concentration quenches and aggregation enhances the emission. The width of the mesophases is typically around ΔT=100–150 K but can even exceed 220 K. Polarization optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction on oriented filaments reveal that TOTs are highly ordered liquid crystals (LCs) with long‐range hexagonal columnar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Hole transporting properties of discotic liquid-crystalline semiconductor confined in calamitic UV-crosslinked gel. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Vadivel M, Kumar IS, Swamynathan K, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Novel Annulated Triphenylene Discotic Liquid Crystals Generated by Pictet‐Spengler Cyclization. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - Irla Siva Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - K Swamynathan
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
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12
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Gowda A, Jacob L, Joy N, Philip R, Kumar S. Novel phenazine fused triphenylene discotic liquid crystals: synthesis, characterisation, thermal, optical and nonlinear optical properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel π-extended phenazine fused triphenylene discotic liquid crystals show an enantiotropic columnar mesophase and good photophysical and nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Litwin Jacob
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Nithin Joy
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Reji Philip
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
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