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Zhou T, Ke Z, Ma Q, Xiang J, Gao M, Huang Y, Cheng X, Su Z. Molecular mechanism of CCDC106 regulating the p53-Mdm2/MdmX signaling axis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21892. [PMID: 38081879 PMCID: PMC10713525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 (p53) is regulated by murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) and its homologous MdmX in maintaining the basal level of p53. Overexpressed Mdm2/MdmX inhibits cellular p53 activity, which is highly relevant to cancer occurrence. Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 106 (CCDC106) has been identified as a p53-interacting partner. However, the molecular mechanism of the p53/Mdm2/MdmX/CCDC106 interactions is still elusive. Here, we show that CCDC106 functions as a signaling regulator of the p53-Mdm2/MdmX axis. We identified that CCDC106 directly interacts with the p53 transactivation domain by competing with Mdm2 and MdmX. CCDC106 overexpression downregulates the cellular level of p53 and Mdm2/MdmX, and decreased p53 reversibly downregulates the cellular level of CCDC106. Our work provides a molecular mechanism by which CCDC106 regulates the cellular levels of p53 and Mdm2/MdmX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ke
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Jiani Xiang
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xiyao Cheng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
| | - Zhengding Su
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Group, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
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Cheng X, Zhou T, Yang Z, Zhou J, Gao M, Huang Y, Su Z. Premature termination codon: a tunable protein translation approach. Biotechniques 2022; 73:80-89. [PMID: 35796100 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein-protein interactions are largely dependent on the activities of signaling proteins. Here, we present a technique to tune gene expression at translation level based on G418-inducible readthrough premature termination codon (PTC-on). To demonstrate how this PTC-on can control the expression level of a cellular signaling protein to regulate signal transduction, we settled a p53 PTC-on system in p53-null H1299 cells. After treating with G418, the cells expressed full-length p53 protein in a dose-dependent manner. We further demonstrated to use this PTC-on approach to dissect p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis in response to the DNA double strand breaks in H1299 cells. In principle, the PTC-on can be used as a general approach for exploring the functions of any other signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyao Cheng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guanxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.,Protein Engineering & Biopharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Protein Engineering & Biopharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Protein Engineering & Biopharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Protein Engineering & Biopharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Protein Engineering & Biopharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Protein Engineering & Biopharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Protein Engineering & Biopharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
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Cheng X, Chen R, Zhou T, Zhang B, Li Z, Gao M, Huang Y, Liu H, Su Z. Leveraging the multivalent p53 peptide-MdmX interaction to guide the improvement of small molecule inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1087. [PMID: 35228542 PMCID: PMC8885691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed Mdm2 and its 7homolog MdmX impair p53 activity in many cancers. Small molecules mimicking a p53 peptide can effectively inhibit Mdm2 but not MdmX. Here, we show a strategy for improving lead compounds for Mdm2 and MdmX inhibition based on the multivalency of the p53 peptide. Crystal structures of MdmX complexed with nutlin-3a, a strong Mdm2 inhibitor but a weak one for MdmX, reveal that nutlin-3a fits into the ligand binding pocket of MdmX mimicking the p53 peptide. However, due to distinct flexibility around the MdmX ligand binding pocket, the structures are missing many important intermolecular interactions that exist in the MdmX/p53 peptide and Mdm2/nultin-3a complexes. By targeting these flexible regions, we identify allosteric and additive fragments that enhance the binding affinity of nutlin-3a for MdmX, leading to potent Mdm2/MdmX inhibitors with anticancer activity. Our work provides a practical approach to drug design for signal transduction therapy. Peptide fragments derived from the interfaces of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provide useful templates for designing small molecule PPI inhibitors. Here, the authors utilize the multivalency of an MdmX-binding p53 peptide to develop a weak inhibitor of MdmX into potent Mdm2/MdmX inhibitors.
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