Cellular Detection of Hydrazine as Isoniazid Metabolite by a New Turn‐On Fluorescent Probe: Synthesis, Live Cell Imaging and In Vitro Toxicity Studies

Myricetin-based fluorescence probes with AIE and ESIPT properties for detection of hydrazine in the environment and fingerprinting

BACKGROUND

Hydrazine (N2H4) is a highly toxic and versatile chemical raw material, which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health when used in large quantities. However, the traditional methods for the detection of N2H4 have the disadvantages of time-consuming, complicated operation and expensive instruments. In contrast, fluorescence probes have many advantages, such as simple operation, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and fast response time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fluorescence probe that can rapidly and accurately detect the presence of N2H4 and monitor the changes in its concentration.

RESULTS

For this purpose, we designed and synthesized a series of myricetin fluorescence probes 3-(substituent group)-5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy. phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (Myr-R) for N2H4 detection. In the presence of N2H4, the probe 5,7-dimethoxy-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoate)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphen-yl). -4H-chr-omen-4-one (Myr-3) shows significant fluorescence changes, double emission properties and a large Stokes shift (183 nm), and exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to N2H4 (The detection limit is 93 nM). Importantly, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of N2H4 in water, soil, and air can be accomplished using fluorescence, smartphone, and UV lamps coupled with Myr-3. In addition, Myr-3 can be used for monitoring and imaging intracellular N2H4. Meanwhile, the fluorophore 3-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-benzopyran-4-one (Myr-Me) was applied to fingerprinting of different substrate materials due to the fact that it exhibits strong yellow fluorescence emission in the solid state and shows excellent contrast and high resolution.

SIGNIFICANCE

The probe Myr-3 is not only able to rapidly detect N2H4 in complex environments, but also can be used for imaging intracellular N2H4. In addition, the fluorophore Myr-Me can be used as an effective imaging agent for visual fingerprinting. These properties enable the probe Myr-3 and the fluorophore Myr-Me for a wide range of potential applications in related fields.

A novel ESIPT-based fluorescent probe with dual recognition sites for the detection of hydrazine in the environmental water samples and in-vivo bioimaging

Hydrazine (N₂H₄), an important chemical intermediate, has been widely used in industrial production and agricultural life, but it has also caused environmental pollution. A novel ESIPT-based fluorescent probe with dual recognition sites, 2-(benzothiazole-2-yl)-1,4-imphenyl bis 4-bromobutyric acid (BRBA), was developed to selectively detect N₂H₄ under complex conditions. BRBA exhibits accurate detection for N₂H₄ with a good linear relationship ranging from 0 to 150 μM, and the LOD can reach 0.1 μM. Importantly, taking advantage of low cytotoxicity and a large Stokes shift, BRBA can be utilized to monitor environmental water samples and successfully applied to imaging HeLa cells and zebrafish.

Switching to a 'turn-on' fluorescent probe for rapid detection of hydrazine in human breast cancer cells using a test-strip

A fluorescent probe TPSBT was developed to monitor hydrazine detection with a "turn on" response, converting from a "non-responsive" probe by a simple structural modification. The probe shows very weak fluorescence due to the strong ICT process and upon treatment with hydrazine, green fluorescence appears due to the blocking of this ICT by the formation of a hydrazone. The probe TPSBT can detect hydrazine with a very low detection limit (1.22 × 10^-7 M) and within a very short time period of 50 s. Additionally, the probe is able to give a response in live cell imaging (MDA-MB 231) and also in the solid phase.

A hemicyanine-based fluorescent probe for hydrazine detection in aqueous solution and its application in real time bioimaging of hydrazine as a metabolite in mice

A fluorescent probe, Hcy-Ac, was developed for the monitoring of in situ hydrazine release during the metabolism of isoniazid.