1
|
Parvatkar PT, Diagne K, Zhao Y, Manetsch R. Indoloquinoline Alkaloids as Antimalarials: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400254. [PMID: 38840271 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Malaria infections affect almost half of the world's population, with over 200 million cases reported annually. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, a plant native to West Africa, has long been used across various regions of Africa for malaria treatment. Chemical analysis has revealed that the plant is abundant in indoloquinolines, which have been shown to possess antimalarial properties. Cryptolepine, neocryptolepine, and isocryptolepine are well-studied indoloquinoline alkaloids known for their potent antimalarial activity. However, their structural rigidity and associated cellular toxicity are major drawbacks for preclinical development. This review focuses on the potential of indoloquinoline alkaloids (cryptolepine, neocryptolepine, and isocryptolepine) as scaffolds in drug discovery. The article delves into their antimalarial effects in vitro and in vivo, as well as their proposed mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship studies. Several studies aim to improve these leads by reducing cytotoxicity while preserving or enhancing antimalarial activity and gaining insights into their mechanisms of action. These investigations highlight the potential of indoloquinolines as a scaffold for developing new antimalarial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash T Parvatkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khaly Diagne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingzhao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roman Manetsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thobokholt EN, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS, Larghi EL, Bracca ABJ. Efficient Buchwald-Hartwig and nitrene-mediated five-membered ring closure approaches to the total synthesis of quindoline. Unexpected direct conversion of a nitro group into a phosphazene. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13715-13724. [PMID: 37152581 PMCID: PMC10162371 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02468g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two total syntheses of quindoline, which take place through the intermediacy of 3-nitroquinoline derivatives, are reported. The general synthetic sequence involves construction of the latter by mechanochemical condensation of benzaldehydes with 2-amino-nitrostyrene, followed either by reduction of the nitro group of the heterocycle and Buchwald-Hartwig cyclization or by a nitrene-mediated cyclization under solventless conditions. Use of PPh3 to generate the nitrene resulted in the unprecedented formation of a phosphazene in place of quindoline. This unexpected transformation was explained by means of DFT computations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elida N Thobokholt
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Sebastián O Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Teodoro S Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Enrique L Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Andrea B J Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Derivatives of 4-Methyl-Substituted 5-Nitropyridines. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The multicomponent reaction of 2-nitroacetophenone (or nitroacetone), acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, β-dicarbonyl compound, and ammonium acetate in an acetic acid solution allowed the acquisition of previously undescribed 4-methyl-substituted derivatives of 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridine in satisfactory yields. The oxidation of the obtained 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives resulted in the corresponding 2,4-dimethyl-5-nitropyridines. In addition, for the first time in the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines by the Hantzsch reaction acetaldehyde, diethyl acetal was used as a source of acetaldehyde. The use of more volatile and sufficiently reactive acetaldehyde in this reaction did not lead to a controlled synthesis of unsymmetrical 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridines. The proposed multicomponent approach to the synthesis of 4-methyl-substituted 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridines and their subsequent aromatization into pyridines made it possible to obtain previously undescribed and hardly accessible substituted 5(3)-nitropyridines.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaur M, Kumar R. A Minireview on Cadogan cyclization reactions leading to diverse azaheterocycles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Central University of Punjab Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Village Ghudda 151401 Bathinda INDIA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Village Ghudda, Bathinda 151401 Bathinda INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Synthesis of 4-Ethoxycarbonyl(cyano)-β-Carbolines via Thermolysis of 4-Aryl-3(5)-Azidopyridine Derivatives and the Study of their Optical and Hypoglycemic Properties. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Shnyder SD, Wright CW. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Pharmacology of Cryptolepine. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:177-203. [PMID: 33797643 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cryptolepine, the principal constituent of the West African climbing shrub Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, continues to be of interest as a lead to new therapeutic agents, especially for the treatment of protozoal infections and cancer. This contribution reviews the research published in the last decade, highlighting new synthesis routes to cryptolepine and to analogs of this alkaloid, as well as their pharmacology. Studies relating to the use of C. sanguinolenta as an herbal medicine for the treatment of malaria are discussed, as well as the development of analogs of cryptolepine as leads to new agents for the treatment of malaria, trypanosomiasis, and cancer with an emphasis on the pharmacological mechanisms involved. Other potential therapeutic applications include antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities; the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of cryptolepine are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Colin W Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kulakov IV, Oleshchuk AL, Koveza VA, Palamarchuk IV. Multicomponent synthesis of 4-unsubstituted 5-nitropyridine derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1780261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Kulakov
- Institute of Chemistry, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Alena L. Oleshchuk
- Institute of Chemistry, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University, Omsk, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shuvalov VY, Shestakov AN, Kulakova LA, Kuratova AK, Vorontsova MA, Sagitullina GP. Synthesis of 4-nitro-γ-carbolines by Graebe–Ullmann reaction. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Méndez MV, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS, Bracca ABJ. A concise Friedländer/Buchwald–Hartwig approach to the total synthesis of quindoline, a bioactive natural indoloquinoline alkaloid, and toward the unnatural 10-methylquindoline. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01961h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Friedländer and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions were used to achieve an efficient total synthesis of quindoline and a new synthesis of the unnatural 10-methylquindoline. DFT calculations were employed to explain the outcome of a failed key transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María V. Méndez
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Sebastian O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Andrea B. J. Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| |
Collapse
|