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Domingues L, Duarte ARC, Jesus AR. How Can Deep Eutectic Systems Promote Greener Processes in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:221. [PMID: 38399436 PMCID: PMC10892015 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemists in the medicinal chemistry field are constantly searching for alternatives towards more sustainable and eco-friendly processes for the design and synthesis of drug candidates. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most polluting industries, having a high E-factor, which is driving the adoption of more sustainable processes not only for new drug candidates, but also in the production of well-established active pharmaceutical ingredients. Deep eutectic systems (DESs) have emerged as a greener alternative to ionic liquids, and their potential to substitute traditional organic solvents in drug discovery has raised interest among scientists. With the use of DESs as alternative solvents, the processes become more attractive in terms of eco-friendliness and recyclability. Furthermore, they might be more effective through making the process simpler, faster, and with maximum efficiency. This review will be focused on the role and application of deep eutectic systems in drug discovery, using biocatalytic processes and traditional organic chemical reactions, as new environmentally benign alternative solvents. Furthermore, herein we also show that DESs, if used in the pharmaceutical industry, may have a significant effect on lowering production costs and decreasing the impact of this industry on the quality of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Rita Jesus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (L.D.); (A.R.C.D.)
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Oyoun F, Toncheva A, Henríquez LC, Grougnet R, Laoutid F, Mignet N, Alhareth K, Corvis Y. Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Eco-friendly Design for Drug Engineering. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300669. [PMID: 37463123 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In the spirit of circular economy and sustainable chemistry, the use of environmentally friendly chemical products in pharmacy has become a hot topic. In recent years, organic solvents have been the subject of a great range of restriction policies due to their harmful effects on the environment and toxicity to human health. In parallel, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as suitable greener solvents with beneficial environmental impacts and a rich palette of physicochemical advantages related to their low cost and biocompatibility. Additionally, DESs can enable remarkable solubilizing effect for several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), thus forming therapeutic DESs (TheDESs). In this work, special attention is paid to DESs, presenting a precise definition, classification, methods of preparation, and characterization. A description of natural DESs (NaDESs), i. e., eutectic solvents present in natural sources, is also reported. Moreover, the present review article is the first one to detail the different approaches for judiciously selecting the constituents of DESs in order to minimize the number of experiments. The role of DESs in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors and their impact on the development of successful therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Oyoun
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Antoniya Toncheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luis Castillo Henríquez
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Grougnet
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Khair Alhareth
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Corvis
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
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Rajput D, Kumar A, Jandial T, Karuppasamy M, Bhuvanesh N, Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Sridharan V. Microwave-Assisted Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 2-Propargylamino/Oxy-Arylaldehydes and O-Phenylenediamines: Access to Densely Functionalized Benzo[ f]Imidazo[1,2- d][1,4]Oxazepines and Benzo[ f]Imidazo[1,2- d][1,4]Diazepines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8956-8969. [PMID: 35765119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient microwave-assisted copper(II)-catalyzed cyclization cascade was established starting from readily accessible O/N-propargylated 2-hydroxy or 2-aminobenzaldehydes and o-phenylenediamines to synthesize densely functionalized imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepines and imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]diazepines in high yields (up to 93%). This one-pot two-step process was found to be highly atom economical (-H2O, -H2) and operationally simple and enabled the generation of two new heterocycle rings (seven- and five-membered) and three new C-N bonds in a single synthetic operation. These reactions well tolerated a variety of substituents including electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups and furnished the desired fused heterocycles in high yields under microwave irradiation in a very short reaction time. The mechanism of the established protocol involves sequential imine formation-intramolecular cyclization-air oxidation followed by 7-exo-dig cyclization steps. A comparative study between the microwave-assisted approach and conventional heating was also performed to demonstrate the advantages of the microwave-assisted protocol in terms of high yield and shorter reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Tanvi Jandial
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Muthu Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
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Ghatak A, Pramanik A, Das M. The maiden comprehensive report on emerging trend towards metal free synthesis of biologically potent 2H-Chromenes. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mirza-Aghayan M, Saeedi M, Boukherroub R. An efficient CuO/rGO/TiO2 photocatalyst for the synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidine compounds under visible light irradiation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of CuO/rGO/TiO2 in coupling reaction under visible light irradiation. Its photocatalytic performance was explored in a pseudo 4-component and a domino reaction for the synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidine compounds. It can be recovered and recycled for 5 runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirza-Aghayan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P. O. BOX 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Saeedi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P. O. BOX 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 – IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
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Zheng SL, Chen L. Synthesis of 2 H-chromenes: recent advances and perspectives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10530-10548. [PMID: 34842267 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As one type of chromene, 2H-chromenes represent important oxygen heterocycles, which not only widely exist in natural products, pharmaceutical agents and biologically relevant molecules, but have also been used broadly in materials science and organic synthesis. Two major synthetic strategies have been developed towards such compounds. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances in this field, including benzopyran ring formation involving cyclization reactions and the late-stage functionalization of the parent 2H-chromenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lu Zheng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, P. R. China.
| | - Long Chen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610016, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, P. R. China.
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One-pot approach: Tandem consecutive Ugi-4CR/ACM-type reaction towards the synthesis of functionalised quinoline-2(1H)-one scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pyridinium triflate catalyzed intramolecular alkyne-carbonyl metathesis reaction of O-propargylated 2-hydroxyarylaldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rodphon W, Thongsornkleeb C, Tummatorn J, Ruchirawat S. Synthesis of 4-Acylchromene via Highly Chemoselective Iodine-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynylarylether Dimethylacetals. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3475-3486. [PMID: 32902153 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
4-Acylchromene is an important core structure found in bioactive natural products and bioactive synthetic compounds. Moreover, this core structure is frequently used as a key precursor for the synthesis of more complex molecules. In this work, we discovered that a combination of acetone and catalytic I2 could lead to selective activation of acetal in alkynylarylether dimethylacetal substrates while alkyne moiety remained intact. This activation of acetal led to the generation of oxonium ion intermediate which triggered intramolecular cyclization and elimination of methanol to provide the desired 4-acylchromene as the sole product in up to 95% yield. Moreover, this method could be applied in a broad range of substrates under a mild and metal-free catalytic conditions for the synthesis of 4-acylchromene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warabhorn Rodphon
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
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