Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Schiff Base‐Functionalized Graphene‐Oxide: Application in Carbon‐Carbon Cross‐Coupling Reactions

Efficient and biocompatible new palladium-supported boehmite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and application in Suzuki-Miura and Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions

Palladium complex-supported on boehmite (Pd(0)-SMTU-boehmite) nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by using XRD, SEM, EDS, TGA, BET, ICP and FT-IR techniques. When applied as a new catalyst for C-C coupling reactions of Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck in PEG-400 solvent, the Pd(0)-SMTU-boehmite nanoparticles showed excellent activity and recyclability. The study of palladium leaching by the ICP-OES technique and hot filtration led to the catalyst exhibiting excellent stability and recyclability.

Pd@Py2PZ@MSN as a Novel and Efficient Catalyst for C–C Bond Formation Reactions

In this study, a novel catalyst is introduced based on the immobilization of palladium onto dipyrido (3,2-a:2′,3′-c) phenazine–modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The dipyrido (3,2-a:2′,3′-c) phenazine (Py₂PZ) ligand is synthesized in a simple method from the reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid as starting materials. The ligand is used to functionalize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and modify their surface chemistry for the immobilization of palladium. The palladium-immobilized dipyrido (3,2-a:2′,3′-c) phenazine–modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Pd@Py₂PZ@MSNs) are synthesized and characterized by several characterization techniques, including TEM, SEM, FT-IR, TGA, ICP, XRD, and EDS analyses. After the careful characterization of Pd@Py₂PZ@MSNs, the activity and efficiency of this catalyst is examined in carbon–carbon bond formation reactions. The results are advantageous in water and the products are obtained in high isolated yields. In addition, the catalyst showed very good reusability and did not show significant loss in activity after 10 sequential runs.

Recent Progress of Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for C–C Bond Forming Reactions

Over the past few decades, the use of transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has attracted much attention and their use in C–C bond forming reactions constitutes one of their most important applications. A huge variety of metal NPs, which have showed high catalytic activity for C–C bond forming reactions, have been developed up to now. Many kinds of stabilizers, such as inorganic materials, magnetically recoverable materials, porous materials, organic–inorganic composites, carbon materials, polymers, and surfactants have been utilized to develop metal NPs catalysts. This review classified and outlined the categories of metal NPs by the type of support.