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Shaha CK, Mahmud MAA, Saha S, Karmaker S, Saha TK. Efficient removal of sparfloxacin antibiotic from water using sulfonated graphene oxide: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and environmental implications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33644. [PMID: 39040378 PMCID: PMC11261116 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical contamination poses a significant threat to global health. Due to their high solubility in water, antibiotics are difficult to remove. This study produced and used sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) to adsorb sparfloxacin from aquatic environments. UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, particle size, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and acid-base titration were used to characterize synthesized SGO particles. The BET technique determined SGO's surface area (32.25 m2/g). The calculated pHPZC of SGO was 2.5. Sparfloxacin adsorption onto SGO was analyzed using adsorption duration, medium pH, adsorbent dosages, antibiotic concentration, cations, and solution temperature. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described experimental kinetic data than the pseudo-first-order and Elovich models. Equilibrium isotherm data supported the Langmuir model, revealing a peak absorption capacity of 1428.57 μmol/g at 25 °C. The kinetic and isotherm models' applicability was assessed using error analysis. A thermodynamic analysis revealed an endothermic, spontaneous adsorption process with a change in entropy (ΔS) of 114.15 J/mol K and enthalpy (ΔH) of 8.44 kJ/mol. A regeneration analysis showed that SGO adsorption efficiency topped 86.4 % after five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chironjit Kumar Shaha
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Gonokbari, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Subarna Karmaker
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Tapan Kumar Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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2
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Nezhad SM, Pourmousavi SA, Zare EN, Heidari G, Hosseini S, Peyvandtalab M. Magnetic poly(1,8-diaminonaphthalene)-nickel nanocatalyst for the synthesis of antioxidant and antibacterial isoxazole-5(4 H)-ones derivatives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15886. [PMID: 37206030 PMCID: PMC10189505 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A magnetic poly (1,8-diaminonaphthalene)-nickel (PDAN-Ni@Fe3O4) composite as a multifunctional nanocatalyst was prepared in several steps including (I) synthesis of poly (1,8-diaminonaphthalene) (PDAN), (II) modification of PDAN with NiSO4 (PDAN-Ni) and (III) preparation of magnetic nanocatalyst by iron (I and II) salts in the existence of PDAN-Ni complex (PDAN-Ni@Fe3O4). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (CHNSO), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to characterize the prepared nanocatalyst. The PDAN-Ni@Fe3O4 was applied as an environmentally friendly nanocatalyst for the isoxazole-5(4H)-ones synthesis via a one-pot reaction between aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and β-ketoester. The nanocomposite was also used for the synthesis of some new alkylene bridging bis 4-benzylidene-3-methyl isoxazole-5(4H)-ones. The catalyst's reusability, and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of both catalyst and products, were studied. Results showed that the nanocatalyst and isoxazole-5(4H)-ones have antioxidant activity of 75% and 92%, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial test showed that the nanocatalyst and isoxazole-5(4H)-ones have highly active versus Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The reusability and stability of the nanocatalyst, a medium to higher product yield and conversion, a faster reaction time, and the use of green solvents were a few benefits of this study.
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Paul S, Das S, Mitra B, Chandra Pariyar G, Ghosh P. β-Cyclodextrin: a green supramolecular catalyst assisted eco-friendly one-pot three-component synthesis of biologically active substituted pyrrolidine-2-one. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5457-5466. [PMID: 36793299 PMCID: PMC9924053 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A green, novel and eco-efficient synthetic route towards the synthesis of highly substituted bio-active pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives was demonstrated using β-cyclodextrin, a water-soluble supramolecular solid as a green and eco-benign catalyst at room temperature under water-ethanol solvent medium. The exploration of the green catalyst β-cyclodextrin for the metal-free one-pot three-component synthesis of a wide range of highly functionalized bio-active heterocyclic pyrrolidine-2-one moieties from easily available aldehydes and amines explains the superiority and uniqueness of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal District-Darjeeling West Bengal India +91 0353 2699001 +91 0353 2776381
| | - Sharmistha Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal District-Darjeeling West Bengal India +91 0353 2699001 +91 0353 2776381
| | - Bijeta Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal District-Darjeeling West Bengal India +91 0353 2699001 +91 0353 2776381
| | - Gyan Chandra Pariyar
- Department of Food Technology, University of North BengalDistrict-DarjeelingWest BengalIndia
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal District-Darjeeling West Bengal India +91 0353 2699001 +91 0353 2776381
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4
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Das S, Paul S, Mitra B, Pariyar GC, Ghosh P. PEG-200: A versatile green solvent assisted catalyst-free one-pot three-component synthesis of functionalised N-amino-3-cyano-2-pyridone. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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5
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Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Metal-Organic Framework Including 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine and its Catalytic Application in Organic Reactions. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Dandia A, Parihar S, Kumar K, Saini S, Parewa V. Carbocatalysis: a metal free green avenue towards carbon–carbon/heteroatom bond construction. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Indeed, all the heterocycles comprises of either “C–C, C–N, C–S or C–O” bonds in their skeleton and construction of these bonds has laid the foundation stone of organic chemistry. The present researchers are continually attempting to develop new strategies for synthesizing miscellaneous structurally divergent molecular entities and these bond forming reactions are the fundamental tools. As a consequence, a colossal upheaval is witnessed in development of benign and sustainable synthetic routes for green bond-forming reactions envisaging carbon–carbon/heteroatom. This chapter is aimed towards highlighting the recent developments perceived in “C–C, C–N, C–S or C–O” bondconstruction especially emphasising greener perspectives i.e. carbocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Sonam Parihar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
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7
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Singha R, Basak P, Ghosh P. Catalytic applications of graphene oxide towards the synthesis of bioactive scaffolds through the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
During the past several decades, metal-based catalysis is one of the major and direct approaches for the synthesis of organic molecules. Nowadays, materials containing predominantly carbon element which are termed as carbocatalysts, become the most promising area of research to replace transition metal catalysts. In this context of carbocatalysis, the use of graphene oxide (GO) and GO-based materials are under spotlight due to their sustainability, environmental benignity and large scale-availability. The presence of oxygen containing functional groups in GO makes it benign oxidant and slightly acidic catalyst. This chapter provides a broad discussion on graphene oxide (GO) as well as its preparation, properties and vast area of application. The catalytic activity of GO has been explored in different organic transformations and it has been recognized as an oxidation catalyst for various organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindranath Singha
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Bengal , Dist-Darjeeling , West Bengal , India
| | - Puja Basak
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Bengal , Dist-Darjeeling , West Bengal , India
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Bengal , Dist-Darjeeling , West Bengal , India
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Datta K, Mitra B, Sharma BS, Ghosh P. One‐pot Three‐component Solvent‐free Tandem Annulations for Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,2‐
a
]pyrimidine and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐
a
]pyrimidine. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumaresh Datta
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Bijeta Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Biswajit Shil Sharma
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
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9
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Kiyani H, Daroughezadeh Z. Efficient and Aqoues Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Isoxazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives Using Piperazine under Green Conditions. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Kadam HK, Salkar K, Naik AP, Naik MM, Salgaonkar LN, Charya L, Pinto KC, Mandrekar VK, Vaz T. Silica Supported Synthesis and Quorum Quenching Ability of Isoxazolones Against Both Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari K. Kadam
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
| | - Komal Salkar
- Department of Microbiology Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
| | - Akshata P. Naik
- Post-graduate department of Chemistry St. Xavier's College Mapusa Goa 403507 India
| | - Milind M. Naik
- Department of Microbiology Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
| | | | - Lakshangy Charya
- Department of Microbiology Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
| | - Kathleen C. Pinto
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
- Department of Chemistry St. Xavier's College Mapusa Goa 403507 India
| | - Vinod K. Mandrekar
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
| | - Teotone Vaz
- Department of Chemistry St. Xavier's College Mapusa Goa 403507 India
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11
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Hiba K, Prathapan S, Sreekumar K. Amine Functionalized Dendronized Polymer as a Homogeneous Base Catalyst for the Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines and 4-Arylidene-3-Methylisoxazol-5(4H)-Ones. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Reihani N, Kiyani H. Three-component Synthesis of 4-Arylidene-3-alkylisoxazol-5(4H)-ones in the Presence of Potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210212120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 4-arylidene-3-alkylisoxazole-5(4H)-ones has been implemented
via the three-component cyclocondensation of aryl(heteroaryl)aldehydes with hydroxylamine
hydrochloride and β-ketoesters. The potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide has
been introduced as the new organocatalyst to facilitate this heterocyclization. In the current
process, three starting materials, including substituted benzaldehydes/heterocyclic aromatic
aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and ethyl acetoacetate/propyl acetoacetate/butyryl
acetoacetate have been successfully used to synthesize the number of substituted isoxazole-
5(4H)-ones in good to high yields in ethylene glycol as a green reaction medium at 80 ºC. The
low catalyst loading is also a main advantage over some reported catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Reihani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan,Iran
| | - Hamzeh Kiyani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan,Iran
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Mitra B, Chandra Pariyar G, Ghosh P. β-Cyclodextrin: a supramolecular catalyst for metal-free approach towards the synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitriles and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H)-one. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1271-1281. [PMID: 35424112 PMCID: PMC8693512 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin, a green and widespread supramolecular catalyst, has been explored as a highly proficient promoter for the metal-free one-pot multi-component synthesis of a vast range of highly functionalized bioactive heterocyclic moiety, 2-amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitriles and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one, from easily available precursor aldehydes. The main endeavor of these protocols is to explore this organic supramolecule in one-pot multi-component synthesis. Absence of metal catalyst or toxic acid and harsh reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, inexpensive, greener and environmentally safe protocol are the key advantages of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijeta Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India +91 353 2699001 +91 353 2776381
| | - Gyan Chandra Pariyar
- Department of Food Technology, University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India +91 353 2699001 +91 353 2776381
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14
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Moradi P, Hajjami M. Magnetization of biochar nanoparticles as a novel support for fabrication of organo nickel as a selective, reusable and magnetic nanocatalyst in organic reactions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04990e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Waste recycling is important process in green chemistry and economic efficiency. Herein, magnetized biochar nanoparticles were modified under green and environmentally friendly method and further were applied as reusable catalyst in organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University
- Ilam
- Iran
| | - Maryam Hajjami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
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15
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Brière JF, Waser M, Massa A, Macchia A, Eitzinger A. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoxazol-5-ones and Isoxazolidin-5-ones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIsoxazol-5-ones and isoxazolidin-5-ones represent two important classes of heterocycles, with several applications as bioactive compounds and as versatile building blocks for further transformations. Unlike the parent aromatic isoxazoles, the presence of one or two stereocenters in the ring renders their asymmetric construction particularly important. In this review, starting from the description of general features and differences between these two related compound families, we present an overview on the most important enantioselective synthesis strategies to access these heterocycles. Both chiral metal catalysts and organocatalysts have recently been successfully employed for this task and some of the most promising approaches will be discussed.1 Introduction2 Isoxazol-5-ones as Nucleophiles2.1 Isoxazol-5-ones as C-Nucleophiles2.2 Isoxazol-5-ones as N-Nucleophiles2.3 Isoxazol-5-ones as C-Nucleophiles in Cyclization Processes3 Asymmetric Construction of Isoxazolidin-5-ones3.1 Enantioselective α-Functionalizations of Isoxazolidin-5-ones4 Arylideneisoxazol-5-ones in Conjugated Addition5 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Antonio Massa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology ‘A. Zambelli’, University of Salerno
| | - Antonio Macchia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology ‘A. Zambelli’, University of Salerno
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16
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Mishra M, Jomon KJ, Krishnan VRS, Nizam A. [18-C-6H 3O +]: an in-situ generated macrocyclic complex and an efficient, novel catalyst for synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14342. [PMID: 32868818 PMCID: PMC7459110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of small aromatic heterocycles is of greater importance in the organic chemistry due to their vibrant applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and veterinary products. Pyranopyrazoles are one such class of heterocycles associated with numerous applications. Hence herein we report a multicomponent crown ether catalyzed, ultrasound irradiated methodology to make different functionalized pyranopyrazoles in a single step. This technique involves the in-situ generation of [18-C-6H3O+][OH−] complex, which in turn activates the aromatic aldehyde and aids in the facile nucleophilic addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - K J Jomon
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - V R Sriram Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Aatika Nizam
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
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17
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Ahmad MS, Nishina Y. Graphene-based carbocatalysts for carbon-carbon bond formation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12210-12227. [PMID: 32510079 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic transformations are usually catalyzed by metal-based catalysts. In contrast, metal-free catalysts have attracted considerable attention from the viewpoint of sustainability and safety. Among the studies in metal-free catalysis, graphene-based materials have been introduced in the reactions that are usually catalyzed by transition metal catalysts. This review covers the literature (up to the beginning of April 2020) on the use of graphene and its derivatives as carbocatalysts for C-C bond-forming reactions, which are one of the fundamental reactions in organic syntheses. Besides, mechanistic studies are included for the rational understanding of the catalysis. Graphene has significant potential in the field of metal-free catalysis because of the fine-tunable potential of the structure, high stability and durability, and no metal contamination, making it a next-generation candidate material in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Ahmad
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan700-8530.
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18
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Singha R, Basak P, Bhattacharya M, Ghosh P. Graphene Oxide Catalyzed One‐pot Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolinone‐2,4‐diones and their Biological Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabindranath Singha
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Dist Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Puja Basak
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Dist Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Malay Bhattacharya
- Department of Tea ScienceUniversity of North Bengal, Dist-Darjeeling West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Dist Darjeeling West Bengal India
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