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Lakshman MK, Malinchak CT, Shank N, Neary MC, Stahl L. Purinyl N-directed aroylation of 6-arylpurine ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, and mechanistic insights. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38916551 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00689e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The purinyl ring contains four embedded nitrogen atoms of varying basicities. Selective utilization of these ring nitrogen atoms can lead to relatively facile remote functionalization, yielding modified purinyl motifs that are otherwise not easily obtained. Herein, we report previously undescribed N-directed aroylation of 6-arylpurine ribo and the more labile 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Kinetic isotope analysis as well as reaction with a well-defined dimeric, palladated 9-benzyl 6-arylpurine provided evidence for N-directed cyclometallation as a key step, with a plausible rate-limiting C-H bond cleavage. Radical inhibition experiments indicate the likely intermediacy of aroyl radicals. The chemistry surmounts difficulties often posed in the functionalization of polynitrogenated and polyoxygenated nucleosidic structures that possess complex reactivities and a labile glycosidic bond that is more sensitive in the 2'-deoxy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Casina T Malinchak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nathaniel Shank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Michelle C Neary
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lothar Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Singh A, Kumar S, Volla CMR. α-Carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides in transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation: a safe carbene precursor and a weak directing group. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:879-909. [PMID: 36562262 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01835g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of sp2 C-H bonds with diazo compounds via carbene migratory insertion represents an efficient strategy for the construction of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds in organic synthesis. Despite the popularity of diazo compounds as coupling partners in C-H activation, they pose serious safety and stability issues due to potential exothermic reactions linked with the release of N2 gas. However, compared with diazo compounds, sulfoxonium ylides are generally crystalline solids, more stable, widely used in industrial scales, and easier/safer to prepare. Therefore, recent years have witnessed an upsurge in employing α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides as an alternative carbene surrogate in transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation. Unlike diazo compounds, α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides contain inherent potential to serve as a coupling partner as well as a weak directing group. This review will summarize the progress made in both categories of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Shreemoyee Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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Motiwala HF, Armaly AM, Cacioppo JG, Coombs TC, Koehn KRK, Norwood VM, Aubé J. HFIP in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12544-12747. [PMID: 35848353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions. The use of this solvent has exponentially increased in the past decade and has become a solvent of choice in some areas, such as C-H functionalization chemistry. In this review, following a brief history of HFIP in organic synthesis and an overview of its physical properties, literature examples of organic reactions using HFIP as a solvent or an additive are presented, emphasizing the effect of solvent of each reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F Motiwala
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Ahlam M Armaly
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jackson G Cacioppo
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Thomas C Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
| | - Kimberly R K Koehn
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Verrill M Norwood
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
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Yang Y, Zhou B, Jiang J, Yang J, Li S. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed ortho Hydroxymethylation of 6-Arylpurines with Paraformaldehyde via Purine-Directed C-H Activation. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Application of sulfoxonium ylide in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation and functionalization reactions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Hong C, Jiang X, Yu S, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Recent Progress on the Application of Sulfoxonium Ylides in C—H Activation. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202007037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lyu X, Huang S, Huang Y, Song H, Liu Y, Li Y, Yang S, Wang Q. Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Sulfoxonium Ylides with Quinoline‐8‐carboxaldehydes for Synthesis of Quinoline‐1,3‐diketones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Li Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Qiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Xiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Shao‐Xiang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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