1
|
Liu L, Huang S, Shi W, Sun X, Pang J, Lu Q, Yang Y, Xi L, Deng L, Oswald S, Yin Y, Liu L, Ma L, Schmidt OG, Shi Y, Zhang L. Single "Swiss-roll" microelectrode elucidates the critical role of iron substitution in conversion-type oxides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd6596. [PMID: 36542707 PMCID: PMC9770940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advancing the lithium-ion battery technology requires the understanding of electrochemical processes in electrode materials with high resolution, accuracy, and sensitivity. However, most techniques today are limited by their inability to separate the complex signals from slurry-coated composite electrodes. Here, we use a three-dimensional "Swiss-roll" microtubular electrode that is incorporated into a micrometer-sized lithium battery. This on-chip platform combines various in situ characterization techniques and precisely probes the intrinsic electrochemical properties of each active material due to the removal of unnecessary binders and additives. As an example, it helps elucidate the critical role of Fe substitution in a conversion-type NiO electrode by monitoring the evolution of Fe2O3 and solid electrolyte interphase layer. The markedly enhanced electrode performances are therefore explained. Our approach exposes a hitherto unexplored route to tracking the phase, morphology, and electrochemical evolution of electrodes in real time, allowing us to reveal information that is not accessible with bulk-level characterization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Liu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Shaozhuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Wujun Shi
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Lu
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ye Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lixia Xi
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liang Deng
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Oswald
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Clean Energy Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yumeng Shi
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim DH, Ramesh R, Nandi DK, Bae JS, Kim SH. Atomic layer deposition of tungsten sulfide using a new metal-organic precursor and H 2S: thin film catalyst for water splitting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:075405. [PMID: 33108773 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc50b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are extensively researched in the past few years due to their two-dimensional layered structure similar to graphite. This group of materials offers tunable optoelectronic properties depending on the number of layers and therefore have a wide range of applications. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is one of such TMDs that has been studied relatively less compared to MoS2. Herein, WS x thin films are grown on several types of substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using a new metal-organic precursor [tris(hexyne) tungsten monocarbonyl, W(CO)(CH3CH2C≡CCH2CH3)3] and H2S molecules at a relatively low temperature of 300 °C. The typical self-limiting film growth by varying both, precursor and reactant, is obtained with a relatively high growth per cycle value of ∼0.13 nm. Perfect growth linearity with negligible incubation period is also evident in this ALD process. While the as-grown films are amorphous with considerable S-deficiency, they can be crystallized as h-WS2 film by post-annealing in the H2S atmosphere above 700 °C as observed from x-ray diffractometry analysis. Several other analyses like Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis. spectroscopy are performed to find out the physical, optical, and microstructural properties of as-grown and annealed films. The post-annealing in H2S helps to promote the S content in the film significantly as confirmed by the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Extremely thin (∼4.5 nm), as-grown WS x films with excellent conformality (∼100% step coverage) are achieved on the dual trench substrate (minimum width: 15 nm, aspect ratio: 6.3). Finally, the thin films of WS x (as-grown and 600/700 °C annealed) on W/Si and carbon cloth substrate are investigated for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The as-grown WS x shows poor performance towards HER and is attributed to the S-deficiency, amorphous character, and oxygen contamination of the WS x film. Annealing the WS x film at 700 °C results in the formation of a crystalline layered WS2 phase, which significantly improves the HER performance of the electrode. The study reveals the importance of sulfur content and crystallinity on the HER performance of W-based sulfides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Hyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Ramesh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dip K Nandi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Bae
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 1275 Jisadong, Gangseogu, Busan 618-230, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Materials Technology, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|