1
|
Bulut Y, Sochor B, Harder C, Reck K, Drewes J, Xu Z, Jiang X, Meinhardt A, Jeromin A, Kohantorabi M, Noei H, Keller TF, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Müller-Buschbaum P, Roth SV. Diblock copolymer pattern protection by silver cluster reinforcement. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15768-15774. [PMID: 37740389 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Pattern fabrication by self-assembly of diblock copolymers is of significant interest due to the simplicity in fabricating complex structures. In particular, polystyrene-block-poly-4-vinylpyridine (PS-b-P4VP) is a fascinating base material as it forms an ordered micellar structure on silicon surfaces. In this work, silver (Ag) is applied using direct current magnetron sputter deposition and high-power impulse magnetron sputter deposition on an ordered micellar PS-b-P4VP layer. The fabricated hybrid materials are structurally analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering. When applying simple aqueous posttreatment, the pattern is stable and reinforced by Ag clusters, making micellar PS-b-P4VP ordered layers ideal candidates for lithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Bulut
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sochor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Constantin Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kristian Reck
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Drewes
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Zhuijun Xu
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xiongzhuo Jiang
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Meinhardt
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestr. 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arno Jeromin
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mona Kohantorabi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestr. 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergerstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jakhrani MA, Bhatti MA, Tahira A, Shah AA, Dawi EA, Vigolo B, Nafady A, Saleem LM, Haj Ismail AAK, Ibupoto ZH. Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062773. [PMID: 36985746 PMCID: PMC10054875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To cope with environmental pollution caused by toxic emissions into water streams, high-performance photocatalysts based on ZnO semiconductor materials are urgently needed. In this study, ZnO nanostructures are synthesized using leafy spinach extract using a biogenic approach. By using phytochemicals contained in spinach, ZnO nanorods are transformed into large clusters assembled with nanosheets with visible porous structures. Through X-ray diffraction, it has been demonstrated that leafy spinach extract prepared with ZnO is hexagonal in structure. Surface properties of ZnO were altered by using 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, and 40 mL quantities of leafy spinach extract. The size of ZnO crystallites is typically 14 nanometers. In the presence of sunlight, ZnO nanostructures mineralized methylene blue. Studies investigated photocatalyst doses, dye concentrations, pH effects on dye solutions, and scavengers. The ZnO nanostructures prepared with 40 mL of leafy spinach extract outperformed the degradation efficiency of 99.9% for the MB since hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for degradation. During degradation, first-order kinetics were observed. Leafy spinach extract could be used to develop novel photocatalysts for the production of solar hydrogen and environmental hydrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Ali Bhatti
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs 66111, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Department of Metallurgy, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Elmuez A. Dawi
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (E.A.D.); (Z.H.I.)
| | - Brigitte Vigolo
- Institute Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama M. Saleem
- Biomolecular Science, Earth and Life Science, Amsterdam University, Kruislaan 404, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (E.A.D.); (Z.H.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nasehi N, Mirza B, Soleimani-Amiri S. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Imidazole Derivatives Using Magnetic Nanocatalyst: Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Mechanism Study. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2141275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Nasehi
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrooz Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan M, Ware P, Shimpi N. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using peels of Passiflora foetida and study of its activity as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of hazardous organic dye. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCreating a sustainable and effective approach to handling organic contaminants from industrial waste is an ongoing problem. In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized under a controlled ultrasound cavitation technique using the extract of Passiflora foetida fruit peels, which act as a reducing (i.e., reduction of metal salt) and stabilizing agent. The formation of monodispersed and hexagonal morphology (average size approximately 58 nm with BET surface area 30.83m2/g). The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by a various technique such as UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, the XRD pattern confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of synthesized ZnONPs. The ZnO NPs exhibit excellent degradation efficiency towards organic pollutant dyes, i.e., Methylene blue (MB) (93.25% removal) and Rhodamine B (91.06% removal) in 70 min, under natural sunlight with apparent rate constant 0.0337 min−1 (R2 = 0.9749) and 0.0347 min−1 (R2 = 0.9026) respectively.Zeta potential study shows the presence of a negative charge on the surface of ZnO NPs. The use of green synthesized ZnO NPs is a good choice for wastewater treatment, given their high reusability and photocatalytic efficiency, along with adaptability to green synthesis.
Collapse
|