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Gattu R, Ramesh SS, Ramesh S. Role of small molecules and nanoparticles in effective inhibition of microbial biofilms: A ray of hope in combating microbial resistance. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106543. [PMID: 38219923 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms pose a severe threat to global health, as they are associated with deadly chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. To date, very few drugs are in clinical practice that specifically target microbial biofilms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic options targeting biofilm-related infections. In this review, we discuss nearly seventy-five different molecular scaffolds published over the last decade (2010-2023) which have exhibited their biofilm inhibition potential. For convenience, we have classified these into five different sub-groups based on their origin and design (excluding peptides as they are placed in between small molecules and biologics), namely, heterocycles; inorganic small molecules & metal complexes; small molecules decorated nanoparticles; small molecules derived from natural products (both plant and marine sources); and small molecules designed by in-silico approach. These antibiofilm agents are capable of disrupting microbial biofilms and can offer a promising avenue for future developments in human medicine. A hitherto review of this kind will lay a platform for the researchers to find new molecular entities to curb the serious menace of antimicrobial resistance especially caused by biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Gattu
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science (A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru, 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay S Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science (A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru, 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science (A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru, 570025, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Vlocskó RB, Xie G, Török B. Green Synthesis of Aromatic Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles by Catalytic and Non-Traditional Activation Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104153. [PMID: 37241894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the environmentally benign synthesis of aromatic N-heterocycles are reviewed, focusing primarily on the application of catalytic methods and non-traditional activation. This account features two main parts: the preparation of single ring N-heterocycles, and their condensed analogs. Both groups include compounds with one, two and more N-atoms. Due to the large number of protocols, this account focuses on providing representative examples to feature the available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bernadett Vlocskó
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Guoshu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
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Elneairy MAA, Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM. One-pot synthesis and antibacterial screening of new (nicotinonitrile-thiazole)-based mono- and bis(Schiff bases) linked to arene units. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2163506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM. Ultrasound‐Mediated Synthesis of New (Piperazine‐Chromene)‐Linked Bis(thieno[2,3‐
b
]pyridine) Hybrids as Potential Anti‐acetylcholinesterase. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. H. Sanad
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
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Mekky A, El-Idreesy TT, Sanad SMH. Chloramine Trihydrate-mediated Tandem Synthesis of New Pyrrole and/or Arene-linked Mono- and Bis(1,3,4-oxadiazole) Hybrids as Potential Bacterial Biofilm and MRSA Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200338. [PMID: 35818907 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A two-step tandem protocol was used to prepare new pyrrole and/or arene-linked bis(1,3,4-oxadiazoles) as well as their mono-analogues. The appropriate aldehydes and benzohydrazides were first condensed in ethanol at 80 °C to yield the corresponding N-benzoylhydrazones. Without isolation, the previous intermediates were subjected to a chloramine trihydrate-mediated oxidative cyclization in DMSO at 180 °C to yield the target molecules. The antibacterial potency of the (pyrrole-arene)-linked hybrids exceeded the arene-linked hybrids, and the bis(1,3,4-oxadiazoles) exceeded their mono-analogues against six different ATCC strains. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of bis(1,3,4-oxadiazoles) 11c, and 11f, which are linked to pyrrole, and (p-tolylthio)methyl units, was highest against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa strains. Their MIC ranged between 3.8 and 3.9 µM, while their MBC values ranged between 7.7 and 15.8 µM. Additionally, they showed promising bacterial biofilm inhibitory activity against the same strains tested, with IC50 values ranging from 4.7 to 5.3 μM. They were also effective against MRSA ATCC:33591, and ATCC:43300 strains, with MIC, and MBC values ranging from 3.8-7.9 and 7.7-15.8 μM, respectively. When tested against the MCF-10A cell line, hybrids 11c, and 11f are cytotoxic at concentrations that are more than 6 and 13-fold higher than their MIC values against the S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa strains, respectively. This lends support to both hybrids' potential as safe antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mekky
- Cairo University Faculty of Science, Chemistry, Giza, 12613, Giza, EGYPT
| | - Tamer T El-Idreesy
- Cairo University Faculty of Science, Chemistry, Giza, 12613, Giza, EGYPT
| | - Sherif M H Sanad
- Cairo University Faculty of Science, Chemistry, Giza, 12613, Giza, EGYPT
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Ahmed AAM, Mekky AEM, Sanad SMH. New bis(pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines) and bis(thieno[2,3-b]pyridines) as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis, in vitro and SwissADME prediction study. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sanad SM, Mekky AE. New pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one hybrids linked to arene units: synthesis of potential MRSA, VRE, and COX-2 inhibitors. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we reported the tandem synthesis of two series of arene-linked pyrimidinone hybrids with related fused thieno[2,3-b]pyridine moiety. The target hybrids were prepared, in moderate to excellent yields, by the reaction of a ternary mixture of the appropriate of 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate, DMF-DMA, and a series of aryl amines in dioxane at 110 °C for 8 h. The antibacterial activity of the new hybrids was estimated against six susceptible ATCC strains. Hybrids 5g and 7g, linked to a sulfonamide unit, showed the best efficacy against S. aureus and E. faecalis strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.7–1.8 μM, which exceed ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, some of new hybrids were examined as potential inhibitors of four different MRSA and VRE strains. Hybrids 5g and 7g demonstrated more potent efficacy than linezolid against MRSA strains with MIC values of 3.6/3.4 and 1.8/1.7 μM against ATCC:33591 and ATCC:43300 strains, respectively. The prior hybrids displayed a comparable efficacy with linezolid against VRE strains with MIC values of 7.3/6.9 and 3.6/3.4 μM against ATCC:51299 and ATCC:51575 strains, respectively. Additionally, some of the new hybrids were examined as potential COX-2 inhibitors using the reference celecoxib (IC50 of 0.117 µM). Hybrid 7g revealed more potent inhibitory efficacy than celecoxib with IC50 of 0.112 µM, whereas hybrid 5g showed almost inhibitory activity equivalent to celecoxib with IC50 of 0.121 µM. Molecular docking was performed to predict the possible binding interactions between hybrids 5g and 7g with the target COX-2 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M.H. Sanad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E.M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Marijan S, Mastelić A, Markotić A, Režić-Mužinić N, Vučenović N, Barker D, Pilkington LI, Reynisson J, Čulić VČ. Thieno[2,3- b]Pyridine Derivative Targets Epithelial, Mesenchymal and Hybrid CD15s + Breast Cancer Cells. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8070032. [PMID: 34206154 PMCID: PMC8304450 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8070032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium is a critical process in hematogenous metastasis and might be similar to the recruitment of leukocytes at the site of inflammation. It is mediated by E-selectin and its ligands, of which the most stereospecific is a glycoconjugate sialyl Lewis x (CD15s), which may be expressed as an oligosaccharide branch of the CD44 glycoprotein, as well as a self-contained glycosphingolipid. It is also known that increased sialylation of glycoconjugates is a feature of malignant cells. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of a novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridine, compound 1, in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) upon CD15s and CD44 expression in different cell subpopulations using flow cytometry. CD15s expression was compared between mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells (CSC, CD44+CD24−), epithelial cells without CD44 (CD44−CD24+ and CD44−CD24−), and CD44+CD24+ cells that exhibit mesenchymal and epithelial features. In addition, expression of CD44 in CD15s+CSC and CD15s−CSC was determined. Compound 1 significantly decreased the percentage of CD15s+CSC, CD15s+CD44+CD24+, and CD15s+CD44− subpopulations, as well as the expression of CD15s in CD44+CD24+ and CD44− cells, and therefore shows potential as a treatment for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marijan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Angela Mastelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Anita Markotić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Nikolina Režić-Mužinić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - Nikolina Vučenović
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.B.); (L.I.P.)
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I. Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.B.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (N.R.-M.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +385-21-557938
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM, El-Reedy AAM. Tandem synthesis and antibacterial screening of novel thieno[2,3- b]thiophene-linked bis(thiazole) hybrids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1918170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. M. El-Reedy
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM, Said AY, Elneairy MAA. Pyridine‐2(
1
H
)‐thiones: Versatile precursors for one‐pot synthesis of new
nicotinonitrile‐thiazole
hybrids. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y. Said
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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Mak OW, Sharma N, Reynisson J, Leung IKH. Discovery of novel Hsp90 C-terminal domain inhibitors that disrupt co-chaperone binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127857. [PMID: 33609661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone that performs vital stress-related and housekeeping functions in cells and is a current therapeutic target for diseases such as cancers. Particularly, the development of Hsp90 C-terminal domain (CTD) inhibitors is highly desirable as inhibitors that target the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain may cause unwanted biological effects. Herein, we report on the discovery of two drug-like novel Hsp90 CTD inhibitors by using virtual screening and intrinsic protein fluorescence quenching binding assays, paving the way for future development of new therapies that employ molecular chaperone inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Wei Mak
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nabangshu Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Mujwar S. Computational bioprospecting of andrographolide derivatives as potent cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL (BBRJ) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_56_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mekky AEM, Sanad SMH. Synthesis and in vitro study of new coumarin derivatives linked to nicotinonitrile moieties as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM. Efficient synthesis and characterization of novel bis‐heterocyclic derivatives and
benzo‐fused
macrocycles containing oxazolone or imidazolone subunits. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM. Novel nicotinonitrile-coumarin hybrids as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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