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Saaid FI, Kasim MF, Winie T, Elong KA, Azahidi A, Basri ND, Yaakob MK, Mastuli MS, Amira Shaffee SN, Zolkiffly MZ, Mahmood MR. Ni-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode materials: A review on the synthesis methods and their electrochemical performances. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23968. [PMID: 38249110 PMCID: PMC10797156 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has skyrocketed due to the fast-growing global electric vehicle (EV) market. The Ni-rich cathode materials are considered the most relevant next-generation positive-electrode materials for LIBs as they offer low cost and high energy density materials. However, by increasing Ni content in the cathode materials, the materials suffer from poor cycle ability, rate capability and thermal stability. Therefore, this review article focuses on recent advances in the controlled synthesis of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC). This work highlights the advantages and challenges associated with each synthesis method that has been used to produce Ni-rich materials. The crystallography and morphology obtained are discussed, as the performance of LIBs is highly dependent on these properties. To address the drawbacks of Ni-rich cathode materials, certain modifications such as ion doping, and surface coating have been pursued. The correlation between the synthesized and modified NMC materials with their electrochemical performances is summarized. Several gaps, challenges and guidelines are elucidated here in order to provide insights for facilitating research in high-performance cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Factors that govern the formation of nickel-rich layered cathode such as pH, reaction and calcination temperatures have been outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farish Irfal Saaid
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Firdaus Kasim
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Tan Winie
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kelimah Anak Elong
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Azira Azahidi
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Dhabitah Basri
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Kamil Yaakob
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sufri Mastuli
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Amira Shaffee
- PETRONAS Group Research & Technology, Jln Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaid Zolkiffly
- PETRONAS Group Research & Technology, Jln Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Rusop Mahmood
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
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