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Gulati HK, Khanna A, Kumar N, Sharma A, Rupali, Jyoti, Singh J, Bhagat K, Bedi PMS. Triazole derivatives as potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Design, enzyme inhibition potential, and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300296. [PMID: 38196114 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Considerable ingenuity has been shown in the recent years in the discovery of novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors that fall outside the purine scaffold. The triazole nucleus has been the cornerstone for the development of many enzyme inhibitors for the clinical management of several diseases, where hyperuricemia is one of them. Here, we give a critical overview of significant research on triazole-based XO inhibitors, with respect to their design, synthesis, inhibition potential, toxicity, and docking studies, done till now. Based on these literature findings, we can expect a burst of modifications on triazole-based scaffolds in the near future by targeting XO, which will treat hyperuricemics, that is, painful conditions like gout that at present are hard to deal with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmandeep Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Dasmesh College of Pharmacy, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Aanchal Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rupali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jatindervir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Gulati HK, Kumar N, Sharma A, Jyoti, Khanna A, Sharma S, Salwan R, Bedi PMS. A comprehensive review on Triazole based Conjugates as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Design Strategies, Synthesis, Biological Activity, Structure Activity Relationships, Molecular Docking Studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Dasari G, Bandari S, Kumar Nukala S, Swamy Thirukovela N, Sirassu N, Badithapuram V, Manchal R. In vitro Anticancer and Insilico Studies of Quinoxaline‐sulfonyl‐1,2,4‐triazole Hybrids. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gouthami Dasari
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009, Telangana India
| | - Srinivas Bandari
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009, Telangana India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nukala
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009, Telangana India
| | | | - Narsimha Sirassu
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009, Telangana India
| | - Vinitha Badithapuram
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009, Telangana India
| | - Ravinder Manchal
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009, Telangana India
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The Synthesis of Triazolium Salts as Antifungal Agents: A Biological and In Silico Evaluation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050588. [PMID: 35625232 PMCID: PMC9137982 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of fungal pathogens is increasingly difficult due to the limited number of effective drugs available for antifungal therapy. In addition, both humans and fungi are eukaryotic organisms; antifungal drugs may have significant toxicity due to the inhibition of related human targets. Furthermore, another problem is increased incidents of fungal resistance to azoles, such as fluconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, etc. Thus, the interest in developing new azoles with an extended spectrum of activity still attracts the interest of the scientific community. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of triazolium salts, an evaluation of their antifungal activity, and docking studies. Ketoconazole and bifonazole were used as reference drugs. All compounds showed good antifungal activity with MIC/MFC in the range of 0.0003 to 0.2/0.0006–0.4 mg/mL. Compound 19 exhibited the best activity among all tested with MIC/MFC in the range of 0.009 to 0.037 mg/mL and 0.0125–0.05 mg/mL, respectively. All compounds appeared to be more potent than both reference drugs. The docking studies are in accordance with experimental results.
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Min LJ, Wang H, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Yu CS, Wang B, Yao MM, Han L, Cantrell CL, Duke SO, Sun NB, Liu XH. Novel Dioxolane Ring Compounds for the Management of Phytopathogen Diseases as Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4303-4315. [PMID: 35357135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thirty novel dioxolane ring compounds were designed and synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, HRMS, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Bioassays indicated that these dioxolane ring derivatives exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryae, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Physalospora piricola, Cercospora arachidicola and herbicidal activity against lettuce (Lactuca sativa), bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and duckweed (Lemna pausicostata). Among these compounds, 1-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D17), 1-(((4R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D20), 1-((5-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D22), and 1-((2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (D26) had broad spectrum fungicidal and herbicidal activity. The IC50 values against duckweed were 20.5 ± 9.0, 14.2 ± 6.7, 24.0 ± 11.0, 8.7 ± 3.5, and 8.0 ± 3.1 μM for D17, D20, D22, and D26 and the positive control difenoconazole, respectively. The EC50 values were 7.31 ± 0.67, 9.74 ± 0.83, 17.32 ± 1.23, 11.96 ± 0.98, and 8.93 ± 0.91 mg/L for D17, D20, D22, and D26 and the positive control difenoconazole against the plant pathogen R. solani, respectively. Germination experiments with Arabidopsis seeds indicated that the target of these dioxolane ring compounds in plants is brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Molecular simulation docking results of compound D26 and difenoconazole with fungal CYP51 P450 confirmed that they both inhibit this enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed by substituent effect, molecular docking, and density functional theory analysis, which provided useful information for designing more active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Min
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA ARS, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chen-Sheng Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA ARS, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Na-Bo Sun
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Hai Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Sumrra SH, Zafar W, Imran M, Chohan ZH. A review on the biomedical efficacy of transition metal triazole compounds. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2059359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wardha Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Bhagat DS, Bumbrah GS, Chawla PA, Gurnule WB, Shejul SK. Recent advances in synthesis and anticancer potential of triazole containing scaffolds. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2852-2875. [PMID: 35176982 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220217161346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the most lethal disease that may be found anywhere on the globe. Approximately 10% of individuals die as a result of cancer of various types, with 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million deaths expected in 2020. More than 100 medications are commercially available for the treatment of cancer, but only a few candidates have high specificity, resulting in several side effects. The scientific community has spent the past decades focusing on drug discovery. Natural resources are used to isolate pharmaceutically active candidates, which are then synthesized in laboratories. More than 60% of all prescribed drugs are made from natural ingredients. Unique five-membered heteroaromatic center motifs with sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen atoms are found in heterocyclic compounds such as indazole, thiazole, triazole, triazole, and oxazole, and are used as a core scaffold in many medicinally important therapies. Triazole possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antibiotic antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antiprotozoal activities. Novel Triazole motifs with a variety of biological characteristics have been successfully synthesized using versatile synthetic methods. We intend here to facilitate the rational design and development of innovative triazole-based anti-cancer medicines with increased selectivity for various cancer cell lines by providing insight into various ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devidas S Bhagat
- Department of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad 431 004, (MS), India
| | - Gurvinder S Bumbrah
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Wasudeo B Gurnule
- Department of Chemistry, Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur-440024, (MS) India
| | - Sampada K Shejul
- Department of Life Science, Vivekanand Arts, Sardar Dalipsingh Commerce and Science College, Aurangabad 431 001, (MS), India
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Pingaew R, Choomuenwai V, Leechaisit R, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Prachayasittikul V. 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold in Recent Medicinal Applications: Synthesis and Anticancer Potentials. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Huang M, Duan WG, Lin GS, Li BY. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, 3D-QSAR, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Menthol-Derived 1,2,4-Triazole-thioether Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:6948. [PMID: 34834038 PMCID: PMC8618492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel menthol derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole-thioether moiety were designed, synthesized, characterized structurally, and evaluated biologically to explore more potent natural product-based antifungal agents. The bioassay results revealed that at 50 μg/mL, some of the target compounds exhibited good inhibitory activity against the tested fungi, especially against Physalospora piricola. Compounds 5b (R = o-CH3 Ph), 5i (R = o-Cl Ph), 5v (R = m,p-OCH3 Ph) and 5x (R = α-furyl) had inhibition rates of 93.3%, 79.4%, and 79.4%, respectively, against P. piricola, much better than that of the positive control chlorothalonil. Compounds 5v (R = m,p-OCH3 Ph) and 5g (R = o-Cl Ph) held inhibition rates of 82.4% and 86.5% against Cercospora arachidicola and Gibberella zeae, respectively, much better than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothalonil. Compound 5b (R = o-CH3 Ph) displayed antifungal activity of 90.5% and 83.8%, respectively, against Colleterichum orbicalare and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Compounds 5m (R = o-I Ph) had inhibition rates of 88.6%, 80.0%, and 88.0%, respectively, against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinu, Bipolaris maydis and C. orbiculare. Furthermore, compound 5b (R = o-CH3 Ph) showed the best and broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all the tested fungi. To design more effective antifungal compounds against P. piricola, 3D-QSAR analysis was performed using the CoMFA method, and a reasonable 3D-QSAR model (r2 = 0.991, q2 = 0.514) was established. The simulative binding pattern of the target compounds with cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51) was investigated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
- Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, China
| | - Wen-Gui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
| | - Gui-Shan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
| | - Bao-Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
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