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Nehru R, Chen CW, Dong CD. A review of smart electrochemical devices for pesticide detection in agricultural food and runoff contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173360. [PMID: 38777059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In the evolving field of food and agriculture, pesticide utilization is inevitable for food production and poses an increasing threat to the ecosystem and human health. This review systematically investigates and provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in smart electrochemical devices for detecting pesticides in agricultural food and runoff contaminants. The focus encompasses recent progress in lab-scale and portable electrochemical sensors, highlighting their significance in agricultural pesticide monitoring. This review compares these sensors comprehensively and provides a scientific guide for future sensor development for infield agricultural pesticide monitoring and food safety. Smart devices address challenges related to power consumption, low cost, wearability, and portability, contributing to the advancement of agricultural sustainability. By elucidating the intricate details of these smart devices, this review offers a comprehensive discussion and roadmap for future research aimed at cost-effective, flexible, and smart handy devices, including novel electrocatalysts, to foster the development of next-generation agricultural sensor technology, opportunity and future direction for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Nehru
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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de Moraes NC, Carvalho RM, Ferreira VS, da Silva RAB, de Melo EI, Petroni JM, Lucca BG. Improving the performance and versatility of microfluidic thread electroanalytical devices by automated injection with electronic pipettes: a new and powerful 3D-printed analytical platform. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:461. [PMID: 37926729 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cotton thread-based electroanalytical devices (μTEDs) are analytical systems with attractive features such as spontaneous passive flow, low cost, minimal waste production, and good sensitivity. Currently, sample injection in µTEDs is performed by hand using manual micropipettes, which have drawbacks such as inconstant speed and position, dependence of skilled analysts, and need of physical effort of operator during prolonged times, leading to poor reproducibility and risk of strain injury. As an alternative to these inconveniences, we propose, for the first time, the use of electronic micropipettes to carry out automated injections in µTEDs. This new approach avoids all disadvantages of manual injections, while also improving the performance, experience, and versatility of µTEDs. The platform developed here is composed by three 3D-printed electrodes (detector) attached to a 3D-printed platform containing an adjustable holder that keeps the electronic pipette in the same x/y/z position. As a proof-of-concept, both injection modes (manual and electronic) were compared using three model analytes (nitrite, paracetamol, and 5-hydroxytryptophan) on µTED with amperometric detection. As result, improved analytical performance (limits of detection between 2.5- and 5-fold lower) was obtained when using electronic injections, as well as better repeatability/reproducibility and higher analytical frequencies. In addition, the determination of paracetamol in urine samples suggested better precision and accuracy for automated injection. Thus, electronic injection is a great advance and changes the state-of-art of µTEDs, mainly considering the use of more modern and versatile electronic pipettes (wider range of pre-programmed modes), which can lead to the development of even more automated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Canhete de Moraes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rayan Marcel Carvalho
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | | | - Edmar Isaias de Melo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil.
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Kummari S, Panicker LR, Rao Bommi J, Karingula S, Sunil Kumar V, Mahato K, Goud KY. Trends in Paper-Based Sensing Devices for Clinical and Environmental Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040420. [PMID: 37185495 PMCID: PMC10135896 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxic pollutants and pathogens that enter the ecosystem are major global issues. Detection of these toxic chemicals/pollutants and the diagnosis of a disease is a first step in efficiently controlling their contamination and spread, respectively. Various analytical techniques are available to detect and determine toxic chemicals/pathogens, including liquid chromatography, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, these sensing strategies have some drawbacks such as tedious sample pretreatment and preparation, the requirement for skilled technicians, and dependence on large laboratory-based instruments. Alternatively, biosensors, especially paper-based sensors, could be used extensively and are a cost-effective alternative to conventional laboratory testing. They can improve accessibility to testing to identify chemicals and pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to its low cost, abundance, easy disposal (by incineration, for example) and biocompatible nature, paper is considered a versatile material for the development of environmentally friendly electrochemical/optical (bio) sensor devices. This review presents an overview of sensing platforms constructed from paper, pointing out the main merits and demerits of paper-based sensing systems, their fabrication techniques, and the different optical/electrochemical detection techniques that they exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekher Kummari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | - Lakshmi R Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sampath Karingula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venisheety Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal 506015, Telangana, India
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kotagiri Yugender Goud
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
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Bhattacharya G, Fishlock SJ, Hussain S, Choudhury S, Xiang A, Kandola B, Pritam A, Soin N, Roy SS, McLaughlin JA. Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors: Optimizing the Electrochemical Properties of Laser-Induced Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31109-31120. [PMID: 35767835 PMCID: PMC9284512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) on paper substrates is a desirable material for single-use point-of-care sensing with its high-quality electrical properties, low fabrication cost, and ease of disposal. While a prior study has shown how the repeated lasing of substrates enables the synthesis of high-quality porous graphitic films, however, the process-property correlation of lasing process on the surface microstructure and electrochemical behavior, including charge-transfer kinetics, is missing. The current study presents a systematic in-depth study on LIG synthesis to elucidate the complex relationship between the surface microstructure and the resulting electroanalytical properties. The observed improvements were then applied to develop high-quality LIG-based electrochemical biosensors for uric acid detection. We show that the optimal paper LIG produced via a dual pass (defocused followed by focused lasing) produces high-quality graphene in terms of crystallinity, sp2 content, and electrochemical surface area. The highest quality LIG electrodes achieved a high rate constant k0 of 1.5 × 10-2 cm s-1 and a significant reduction in charge-transfer resistance (818 Ω compared with 1320 Ω for a commercial glassy carbon electrode). By employing square wave anodic stripping voltammetry and chronoamperometry on a disposable two-electrode paper LIG-based device, the improved charge-transfer kinetics led to enhanced performance for sensing of uric acid with a sensitivity of 24.35 ± 1.55 μA μM-1 and a limit of detection of 41 nM. This study shows how high-quality, sensitive LIG electrodes can be integrated into electrochemical paper analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Bhattacharya
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Sam J. Fishlock
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Sudipta Choudhury
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam
Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Annan Xiang
- IMRI, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3
5AB, U.K.
| | | | - Anurag Pritam
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Navneet Soin
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Susanta Sinha Roy
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam
Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - James A. McLaughlin
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
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