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Pulletikurthi G, Weidenfeller B, Borodin A, Namyslo JC, Endres F. How a Transition-Metal(II) Chloride Interacts with a Eutectic AlCl 3 -Based Ionic Liquid: Insights into the Speciation of the Electrolyte and Electrodeposition of Magnetic Materials. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2684-2693. [PMID: 28776952 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions are characteristic of ionic liquids (ILs) and play a pivotal role in determining the formation of species when solutes are dissolved in them. The formation of new species/complexes has been investigated for certain ILs. However, such investigations have not yet focused on eutectic liquids, which are a promising class of ILs. These liquids (or liquid coordination complexes, LCCs) are rather new and are composed of cationic and anionic chloro complexes of metals. To date, these liquids have been employed as electrolytes to deposit metals and as solvents for catalysis. The present study deals with a liquid that is prepared by mixing a 1.2:1 mol ratio of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. An attempt has been made to understand the interactions of FeCl2 with the organic molecule using spectroscopy. It was found that dissolved Fe(II) species interact mainly with the IL anion and such interactions can lead to changes in the cation of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the viability of depositing thick magnetic films of Fe and Fe-Al has been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhar Pulletikurthi
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Strasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Weidenfeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Strasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Andriy Borodin
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Strasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnitz Strasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Frank Endres
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Strasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Zhan D, Han L, Zhang J, He Q, Tian ZW, Tian ZQ. Electrochemical micro/nano-machining: principles and practices. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1526-1544. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nano-machining (MNM) is becoming the cutting-edge of high-tech manufacturing because of the ever increasing industrial demands for super smooth surfaces and functional three-dimensional micro/nano-structures in miniaturized and integrate devices, and electrochemistry plays an irreplaceable role in MNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Lianhuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Quanfeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Zhao-Wu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
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Talukder S, Kumar P, Pratap R. Electrolithography--A New and Versatile Process for Nano Patterning. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17753. [PMID: 26634991 PMCID: PMC4669457 DOI: 10.1038/srep17753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new lithography technique based on electromigration driven material transport for drawing patterns at nanometer scales in ambient conditions. We use a thin metal film as a masking layer and a polymer layer beneath it as a pattern transfer layer. The desired pattern is drawn in the metal layer by etching the metal with a conducting scanning probe assisted by liquid electromigration. The pattern drawn on the metal layer is transferred to the polymer layer by etching the polymer with an appropriate solvent. Subsequently, the pattern is transferred to the desired material layer using a film deposition technique followed by conventional lift-off process. Using this simple technique, we have achieved pattern resolutions of 9 nm on the polymer and 40 nm on transferring the pattern to another material. Based on the ease of use and process costs, this technique promises to be competitive to e-beam lithography that employs high energy and ultra-high vacuum, or the industrial standard ultra-violet light photolithography that employs extremely expensive implements to reach nano-scale resolutions. We also demonstrate direct mask writing using this technique and explain the fundamentals behind the workings of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Talukder
- Centre of Nano-Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012
| | - Rudra Pratap
- Centre of Nano-Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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Petrii OA. Electrosynthesis of nanostructures and nanomaterials. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Giridhar P, Weidenfeller B, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F. Electrodeposition and Magnetic Characterization of Iron and Iron-Silicon Alloys from the Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Trifluoromethylsulfonate. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3515-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Garcia R, Knoll AW, Riedo E. Advanced scanning probe lithography. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:577-87. [PMID: 25091447 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale control afforded by scanning probe microscopes has prompted the development of a wide variety of scanning-probe-based patterning methods. Some of these methods have demonstrated a high degree of robustness and patterning capabilities that are unmatched by other lithographic techniques. However, the limited throughput of scanning probe lithography has prevented its exploitation in technological applications. Here, we review the fundamentals of scanning probe lithography and its use in materials science and nanotechnology. We focus on robust methods, such as those based on thermal effects, chemical reactions and voltage-induced processes, that demonstrate a potential for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Armin W Knoll
- IBM Research - Zurich, Saeumerstr. 4, 8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Riedo
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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Giridhar P, Weidenfeller B, El Abedin SZ, Endres F. Electrodeposition of iron and iron–aluminium alloys in an ionic liquid and their magnetic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9317-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wei YM, Liang JH, Chen ZB, Zhou XS, Mao BW, Oviedo OA, Leiva EPM. Stretching single atom contacts at multiple subatomic step-length. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12459-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Zhou XS, Liang JH, Chen ZB, Mao BW. An electrochemical jump-to-contact STM-break junction approach to construct single molecular junctions with different metallic electrodes. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Huang HY, Su CJ, Kao CL, Chen PY. Electrochemical study of Pt and Fe and electrodeposition of PtFe alloys from air- and water-stable room temperature ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Tian JH, Yang Y, Zhou XS, Schöllhorn B, Maisonhaute E, Chen ZB, Yang FZ, Chen Y, Amatore C, Mao BW, Tian ZQ. Electrochemically Assisted Fabrication of Metal Atomic Wires and Molecular Junctions by MCBJ and STM-BJ Methods. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2745-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Su YZ, Fu YC, Wei YM, Yan JW, Mao BW. The Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface: Electric Double Layer and Metal Electrodeposition. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2764-78. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Wei YM, Fu YC, Yan JW, Sun CF, Shi Z, Xie ZX, Wu DY, Mao BW. Growth and Shape-Ordering of Iron Nanostructures on Au Single Crystalline Electrodes in an Ionic Liquid: A Paradigm of Magnetostatic Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8152-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1021816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Chun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Jia-Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Feng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Zhao-Xiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
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Moustafa EM, Mann O, Fürbeth W, Schuster R. Electrochemical Behaviour of Iron in a Third-Generation Ionic Liquid: Cyclic Voltammetry and Micromachining Investigations. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:3090-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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