1
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Sheng W, Li W, Xu S, Du Y, Jordan R. Oxygen-Tolerant Photografting for Surface Structuring from Microliter Volumes. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1100-1105. [PMID: 37470677 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report an oxygen-tolerant photografting technique to grow polymer brushes employing microliter volumes of monomer solution under ambient conditions. With the key advantages that include spatial control, initiator/catalyst-free nature, and high oxygen tolerance, a series of homo-, multiblock, and arbitrary patterned polymer brushes were successfully obtained by photografting. Moreover, a dual-functional surface with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties could easily be realized by one-pot photografting. These results illustrated the practicality and versatility of this strategy, which will allow nonexperts access to polymer brush architectures and broaden the potential applications of polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Chair for Molecular Functional Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunhao Du
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Tang Z, Chulanova E, Küllmer M, Winter A, Picker J, Neumann C, Schreyer K, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Arnlind A, Dietzek B, Schubert US, Turchanin A. Photoactive ultrathin molecular nanosheets with reversible lanthanide binding terpyridine centers. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20583-20591. [PMID: 34874038 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, functional molecular nanosheets have attracted much attention in the fields of sensors and energy storage. Here, we present an approach for the synthesis of photoactive metal-organic nanosheets with ultimate molecular thickness. To this end, we apply low-energy electron irradiation induced cross-linking of 4'-(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol self-assembled monolayers on gold to convert them into functional ∼1 nm thick carbon nanomembranes possessing the ability to reversibly complex lanthanide ions (Ln-CNMs). The obtained Ln-CNMs can be prepared on a large-scale (>10 cm2) and inherit the photoactivity of the pristine terpyridine lanthanide complex (Ln(III)-tpy). Moreover, they possess mechanical stability as free-standing sheets over micrometer sized openings. The presented methodology paves a simple and robust way for the preparation of ultrathin nanosheets with tailored photoactive properties for application in photocatalytic and energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Tang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Elena Chulanova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Küllmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Picker
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schreyer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Arnlind
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Yang F, Qiu M, Miao Z, Zhang T, Zhang S, Wu Z. N, P-Codoped Carbon Film Derived from Phosphazenes and Its Printing Integration with a Polymer Carpet Via "Molecular Welding" for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29894-29905. [PMID: 34128633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although high-performance graphene-based micro/nano flexible electronic devices have shown promising applications in numerous fields, there are still many problems in converting graphene into practical applications. Heteroatom-doped graphene materials are of huge importance because heteroatom doping can significantly change the electronic structure and introduce the active site, which benefits the integration with a promising substrate and achieves nondestructive transfer of carbon materials. Herein, we analyze in detail the pyrolysis gas composition of heteroatom-enriched phosphazenes with different structures and prepare a series of high-quality in situ N, P-codoped carbon-based films from phosphazene solid sources on a low-cost glass substrate by a convenient one-step method. The N, P-codoped carbon film shows reflectivity, good conductivity, and transparency. In addition, with the help of in situ "molecular welding", we achieve nondestructive transfer of a conductive carbon-based film from a glass substrate to promising layer-polyimide (PI) and prepare a flexible free-standing carbon/PI hybrid film with an excellent binding interface. The flexible conductive hybrid film shows excellent durability under an extremely low temperature environment and superior bending stability after 800 bending cycles. The results suggest that a phosphazene precursor is an amazing choice for constructing high-quality heteroatom-doped conductive carbon films. Besides, this work provides a promising way for nondestructive transfer of the conductive carbon-based films and large-scale preparation of large-area patterned conductive thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Munan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shuangkun Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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4
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Wang Y, Ma J, Zhang N, Chen D, Tu J, Cao Y, Wu Q, Zhang X, Hao W. Enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical glucose sensor via the electron cloud bridge of Au in SrTiO 3/PDA electrodes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13624-13634. [PMID: 35423867 PMCID: PMC8697585 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing photoelectrochemical biosensors via efficient photogenerated-charge separation remains a challenging task in biomolecular detection. In this study, we utilised a simple approach for constructing an efficient photoactive organic-inorganic heterojunction interface composed of SrTiO3 with high photocatalytic activity and polydopamine (PDA) with high biocompatibility and electrical conductivity. Gold nanoparticles with dense electron cloud properties were introduced as a bridge between SrTiO3 and PDA (SrTiO3/Au/PDA). The Au bridge allowed the PDA to uniformly and tightly attach on the surface of SrTiO3 electrodes and also provided a separate transmission channel for electrons from PDA to SrTiO3. The rapidly transmitted electrons were captured by a signal-acquisition system, thereby improving the photocurrent signal output. The 3D hollowed out SrTiO3/Au/PDA biosensor manufactured herein was used for glucose detection. The biosensor achieved ultrahigh sensitivities reaching 23.7 μA mM-1 cm-2, an extended linear range (1-20 mM), and a low detection limit (0.012 mM). The excellent results of glucose analysis in serum samples further confirmed the feasibility of the biosensor in clinical applications. In summary, the proposed strategy allowed for the use of an electronic cloud bridge in the construction of glucose biosensors with satisfactory performances, which is promising for the future fabrication of high-performance biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Delun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Jinchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University Haikou 571127 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University Haikou 571127 P. R. China
| | - Wanjun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
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5
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Sheng W, Li W, Tan D, Zhang P, Zhang E, Sheremet E, Schmidt BV, Feng X, Rodriguez RD, Jordan R, Amin I. Polymer Brushes on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Patterning and as a SERS Active Sensing Layer via Incorporated Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9797-9805. [PMID: 31999093 PMCID: PMC7050013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) has a broad range of promising applications, from energy harvesting and storage to sensing. However, most of the applications are still restricted due to gCN poor dispersibility and limited functional groups. Herein, a direct photografting of gCN using various polymer brushes with tailorable functionalities via UV photopolymerization at ambient conditions is demonstrated. The systematic study of polymer brush-functionalized gCN reveals that the polymerization did not alter the inherent structure of gCN. Compared to the pristine gCN, the gCN-polymer composites show good dispersibility in various solvents such as water, ethanol, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Patterned polymer brushes on gCN can be realized by employing photomask and microcontact printing technology. The polymer brushes with incorporated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on gCN can act as a multifunctional recyclable active sensing layer for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection and photocatalysis. This multifunctionality is shown in consecutive cycles of SERS and photocatalytic degradation processes that can be applied to in situ monitor pollutants, such as dyes or pharmaceutical waste, with high chemical sensitivity as well as to water remediation. This dual functionality provides a significant advantage to our AgNPs/polymer-gCN with regard to state-of-the-art systems reported so far that only allow SERS pollutant detection but not their decomposition. These results may provide a new methodology for the covalent functionalization of gCN and may enable new applications in the field of catalysis, biosensors, and, most interestingly, environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Deming Tan
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Chair of Molecular
Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School
of Science, Technische Universität
Dresden, Mommsenstr.
4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - En Zhang
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Sheremet
- Research School of Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Xinliang Feng
- Chair of Molecular
Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School
of Science, Technische Universität
Dresden, Mommsenstr.
4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raul D. Rodriguez
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied
Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Van’t Hoff Institute of Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Mocny P, Klok HA. Complex polymer topologies and polymer—nanoparticle hybrid films prepared via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Sheng W, Amin I, Neumann C, Dong R, Zhang T, Wegener E, Chen WL, Förster P, Tran HQ, Löffler M, Winter A, Rodriguez RD, Zschech E, Ober CK, Feng X, Turchanin A, Jordan R. Polymer Brushes on Hexagonal Boron Nitride. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805228. [PMID: 30932320 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct covalent functionalization of large-area single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with various polymer brushes under mild conditions is presented. The photopolymerization of vinyl monomers results in the formation of thick and homogeneous (micropatterned, gradient) polymer brushes covalently bound to hBN. The brush layer mechanically and chemically stabilizes the material and allows facile handling as well as long-term use in water splitting hydrogen evolution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Junior Research Group Biosensing Surfaces, Leibniz Insitute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 310 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Lessingstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Chair of Molecular Functional Materials, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Chair of Molecular Functional Materials, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Wegener
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Paul Förster
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hai Quang Tran
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Lessingstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ehrenfried Zschech
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Department Head Microelectronic Materials and Nanoanalysis, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Maria Reiche Str. 2, 01099, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 310 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Chair of Molecular Functional Materials, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Lessingstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Kang H, An S, Lee WJ, Kang GR, Kim S, Hur SM, Paeng K, Kim M. Stable polymer brushes with effectively varied grafting density synthesized from highly crosslinked random copolymer thin films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24166-24174. [PMID: 35539156 PMCID: PMC9081858 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosslinkable epoxy copolymers enable achieving highly stable P(S-b-MMA) brushes with controlled grafting density for close examination of phase separation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 22212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sol An
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 22212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Ryang Kang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 22212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Keewook Paeng
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 22212
- Republic of Korea
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9
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Turchanin A, Gölzhäuser A. Carbon Nanomembranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6075-6103. [PMID: 27281234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are synthetic 2D carbon sheets with tailored physical or chemical properties. These depend on the structure, molecular composition, and surroundings on either side. Due to their molecular thickness, they can be regarded as "interfaces without bulk" separating regions of different gaseous, liquid, or solid components and controlling the materials exchange between them. Here, a universal scheme for the fabrication of 1 nm-thick, mechanically stable, functional CNMs is presented. CNMs can be further modified, for example perforated by ion bombardment or chemically functionalized by the binding of other molecules onto the surfaces. The underlying physical and chemical mechanisms are described, and examples are presented for the engineering of complex surface architectures, e.g., nanopatterns of proteins, fluorescent dyes, or polymer brushes. A simple transfer procedure allows CNMs to be placed on various support structures, which makes them available for diverse applications: supports for electron and X-ray microscopy, nanolithography, nanosieves, Janus nanomembranes, polymer carpets, complex layered structures, functionalization of graphene, novel nanoelectronic and nanomechanical devices. To close, the potential of CNMs in filtration and sensorics is discussed. Based on tests for the separation of gas molecules, it is argued that ballistic membranes may play a prominent role in future efforts of materials separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Styan KE, Easton CD, Weaver LG, Meagher L. One-Reactant Photografting of ATRP Initiators for Surface-Initiated Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1079-86. [PMID: 27145108 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-initiated photografting polymerization is used to couple the polymerizable initiator monomer 2-(2-chloropropanoyloxy)ethyl acrylate to a range of polymeric substrates. The technique requires only UV light to couple the initiator to surfaces. The initiator surface density can be varied by inclusion of a diluent monomer or via selection of initiator and irradiation parameters. The functionality of the initiator surface is demonstrated by subsequent surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Surfaces are characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-induced changes to the initiator are assessed by (1) H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This is the first time this one-reactant one-step technique has been demonstrated for creating an initiator surface of variable density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Styan
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Lucy G Weaver
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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12
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Hafner D, Ziegler L, Ichwan M, Zhang T, Schneider M, Schiffmann M, Thomas C, Hinrichs K, Jordan R, Amin I. Mussel-Inspired Polymer Carpets: Direct Photografting of Polymer Brushes on Polydopamine Nanosheets for Controlled Cell Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1489-1494. [PMID: 26671880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
2D mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) nanosheets are prepared and exploited as a functional surface for grafting various polymer brushes. The PDA nanosheet and its polymer-brush derivatives show lateral integrity and are robust; therefore, they can be detached from their substrates. Cell-adhesion tests show that the PDA nanosheet promotes cell growth and attachment, while a PDA-based poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) carpet exhibits nonfouling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hafner
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Ziegler
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Muhammad Ichwan
- Center for Regenerative Therapy Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Dr. T. Mansur 5, 20155, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Tao Zhang
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schneider
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Schiffmann
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Thomas
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische, Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Department Berlin, Schwarzschildstrasse 8, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Schumannstrasse 11, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Schumannstrasse 11, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Yu Q, Ista LK, Gu R, Zauscher S, López GP. Nanopatterned polymer brushes: conformation, fabrication and applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:680-700. [PMID: 26648412 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07107k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces with end-grafted, nanopatterned polymer brushes that exhibit well-defined feature dimensions and controlled chemical and physical properties provide versatile platforms not only for investigation of nanoscale phenomena at biointerfaces, but also for the development of advanced devices relevant to biotechnology and electronics applications. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of scaling behavior of nanopatterned polymer brushes and then summarize recent progress in fabrication and application of nanopatterned polymer brushes. Specifically, we highlight applications of nanopatterned stimuli-responsive polymer brushes in the areas of biomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Linnea K Ista
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Renpeng Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science & Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science & Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gabriel P López
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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14
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From Self-Assembled Monolayers to Coatings: Advances in the Synthesis and Nanobio Applications of Polymer Brushes. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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15
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Fuchise K, Lindemann P, Heißler S, Gliemann H, Trouillet V, Welle A, Berson J, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Meier MAR, Barner-Kowollik C. A photolithographic approach to spatially resolved cross-linked nanolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3242-3253. [PMID: 25705846 DOI: 10.1021/la505011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of cross-linked nanosheets with 1-2 nm thickness and predefined shape was achieved by lithographic immobilization of trimethacryloyl thioalkanoates onto the surface of Si wafers, which were functionalized with 2-(phenacylthio)acetamido groups via a photoinduced reaction. Subsequent cross-linking via free radical polymerization as well as a phototriggered Diels-Alder reaction under mild conditions on the surface led to the desired nanosheets. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), as well as infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) confirmed the success of individual surface-modification and cross-linking reactions. The thickness and lateral size of the cross-linked structures were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for samples prepared on Si wafers functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl groups bearing circular pores obtained via a polymer blend lithographic approach, which led to the cross-linking reactions occurring in circular nanoareas (diameter of 50-640 nm) yielding an average thickness of 1.2 nm (radical cross-linking), 1.8 nm (radical cross-linking in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate as a comonomer), and 1.1 nm (photochemical cross-linking) of the nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Fuchise
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ‡Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Lindemann
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heißler
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- ∥Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ⊥Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Berson
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- ‡Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ⊥Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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16
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Meyerbroeker N, Waske P, Zharnikov M. Amino-terminated biphenylthiol self-assembled monolayers as highly reactive molecular templates. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101919. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4907942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Meyerbroeker
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Waske
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Men Y, Wang W, Xiao P, Gu J, Sun A, Huang Y, Zhang J, Chen T. Controlled evaporative self-assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles assisted by an external magnetic field. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple yet robust approach of magnetic field assisted controlled evaporative self-assembly (CESA) is developed to achieve Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) micro- and nano-patterns in two dimensional (2D) direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Men
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Jincui Gu
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Aihua Sun
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Youju Huang
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
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18
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Men Y, Xiao P, Chen J, Fu J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xie Z, Wang W, Chen T. Controlled evaporative self-assembly of poly(acrylic acid) in a confined geometry for fabricating patterned polymer brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4863-4867. [PMID: 24702600 DOI: 10.1021/la500996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple yet robust approach was exploited to fabricate large-scaled patterned polymer brushes by combining controlled evaporative self-assembly (CESA) in a confined geometry and self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization (SIPGP). Our method was carried out without any sophisticated instruments, free of lithography, overcoming current difficulties in fabricating polymer patterns by using complex instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Men
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science , 519 Zhuangshi Road, Ningbo 315201, China
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Elizabeth Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14850
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14850
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20
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Xiao P, Gu J, Chen J, Han D, Zhang J, Cao H, Xing R, Han Y, Wang W, Chen T. A microcontact printing induced supramolecular self-assembled photoactive surface for patterning polymer brushes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11167-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Matei DG, Muzik H, Gölzhäuser A, Turchanin A. Structural investigation of 1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol self-assembled monolayers on Au(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13905-11. [PMID: 22953697 DOI: 10.1021/la302821w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (H-(C(6)H(4))(2)-SH) on Au(111) were prepared from solution or via vapor deposition in ultrahigh vacuum and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In contrast to the typically observed for densely packed alkane-thiol SAMs on Au(111) (√3 × √3)R30° structure, the densely packed aromatic biphenylthiol SAMs prepared by both methods exhibit an unusual hexagonal (2 × 2) structure. Upon annealing at 100 °C, this structure evolves into the (2 × 7√3) structure resulting in the formation of highly ordered pinstripes oriented along the [1 -1 0] directions. Lower density SAMs, prepared by vapor deposition in vacuum, show mixed structures comprising the hexagonal (2 × 2) structure and two rectangular arrangements with the unit cells of (3√3 × 9) and (2√3 × 8). An extinction of the (3√3 × 9) structure in the favor of the (2√3 × 8) structure is observed upon annealing at temperatures of ~100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Matei
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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22
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Meyerbröker N, Zharnikov M. Modification of nitrile-terminated biphenylthiol self-assembled monolayers by electron irradiation and related applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9583-9592. [PMID: 22650608 DOI: 10.1021/la301399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the behavior of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-thiol (CBPT) on Au(111) upon electron irradiation. Under such a treatment, the aromatic framework of CBPT SAMs is laterally cross-linked while the nitrile groups, located at the SAM-ambience interface, are reduced to active amine moieties which can be used as docking sites for the coupling of other species. This makes CBPT monolayers as a promising system for conventional and chemical lithography as well as for nanofabrication. Along these lines, we demonstrate the preparation of complex polymer brushes, patterning of the underlying substrate, and fabrication of molecule-thin, free-standing membranes on the basis of CBPT SAMs. The balance between the application-favorable processes and defragmentation in these films is studied in detail, and comparison to the well-established (for the relevant applications) system of 4'-nitrobiphenyl-4-thiols is performed. Taking CBPT SAMs as a model system, the effect of the energy of the primary electrons on the extent of the chemical transformation and cross-linking in substituted aromatic SAMs is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Meyerbröker
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Zhang N, Pompe T, Amin I, Luxenhofer R, Werner C, Jordan R. Tailored poly(2-oxazoline) polymer brushes to control protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:926-36. [PMID: 22610725 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
POx bottle-brush brushes (BBBs) are synthesized by SIPGP of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline and consecutive LCROP of 2-oxazolines on 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified silicon substrates. The side chain hydrophilicity and polarity are varied. The impact of the chemical composition and architecture of the BBB upon protein (fibronectin) adsorption and endothelial cell adhesion are investigated and prove extremely low protein adsorption and cell adhesion on BBBs with hydrophilic side chains such as poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). The influence of the POx side chain terminal function upon adsorption and adhesion is minor but the side chain length has a significant effect on bioadsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Chemie-Department, TU München, Garching, Germany
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24
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Ramanathan M, Kilbey, II SM, Ji Q, Hill JP, Ariga K. Materials self-assembly and fabrication in confined spaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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26
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Steenackers M, Gigler AM, Zhang N, Deubel F, Seifert M, Hess LH, Lim CHYX, Loh KP, Garrido JA, Jordan R, Stutzmann M, Sharp ID. Polymer Brushes on Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10490-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201052q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Steenackers
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander M. Gigler
- CeNS and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ning Zhang
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Deubel
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Max Seifert
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lucas H. Hess
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Candy Haley Yi Xuan Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jose A. Garrido
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Stutzmann
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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