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Choi IS, Park S, Jeon S, Kwon YW, Park R, Taylor RA, Kyhm K, Hong SW. Strain-tunable optical microlens arrays with deformable wrinkles for spatially coordinated image projection on a security substrate. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:98. [PMID: 36119375 PMCID: PMC9474807 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a new concept in materials design, a variety of strategies have been developed to fabricate optical microlens arrays (MLAs) that enable the miniaturization of optical systems on the micro/nanoscale to improve their characteristic performance with unique optical functionality. In this paper, we introduce a cost-effective and facile fabrication process on a large scale up to ~15 inches via sequential lithographic methods to produce thin and deformable hexagonally arranged MLAs consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Simple employment of oxygen plasma treatment on the prestrained MLAs effectively harnessed the spontaneous formation of highly uniform nanowrinkled structures all over the surface of the elastomeric microlenses. With strain-controlled tunability, unexpected optical diffraction patterns were characterized by the interference combination effect of the microlens and deformable nanowrinkles. Consequently, the hierarchically structured MLAs presented here have the potential to produce desirable spatial arrangements, which may provide easily accessible opportunities to realize microlens-based technology by tunable focal lengths for more advanced micro-optical devices and imaging projection elements on unconventional security substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Choi
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Park
- Research Center for Dielectric and Advanced Matter Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - Sangheon Jeon
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Kwon
- Department of Nano-Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Rowoon Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwangseuk Kyhm
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
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2
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Kang M, Choi D, Bae JY, Byun M. Micro-to-Nanometer Scale Patterning of Perovskite Inks via Controlled Self-Assemblies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1521. [PMID: 35208061 PMCID: PMC8878448 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, perovskite materials have gained intensive interest due to their remarkable material properties in optoelectronics and photodetectors. This review highlights recent advances in micro-to-nanometer scale patterning of perovskite inks, placing an undue emphasis on recently developed approaches to harness spatially ordered and crystallographically oriented structures with unprecedented regularity via controlled self-assemblies, including blade coating, inkjet printing, and nanoimprinting. Patterning of the perovskite elements at the micro- or nanometer scale might be a key parameter for their integration in a real system. Nowadays, unconventional approaches based on irreversible solution evaporation hold an important position in the structuring and integration of perovskite materials. Herein, easier type patterning techniques based on evaporations of polymer solutions and the coffee ring effect are systematically reviewed. The recent progress in the potential applications of the patterned perovskite inks is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Dooho Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Jae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Byun
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
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3
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Li J, Chang X, Li S, Shrestha PK, Tan EK, Chu D. High-Resolution Electrochemical Transistors Defined by Mold-Guided Drying of PEDOT:PSS Liquid Suspension. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2020; 2:2611-2618. [PMID: 32879912 PMCID: PMC7450888 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ion-sensitive transistors with nanoscale or microscale dimensions are promising for high-resolution electrophysiological recording and sensing. Technology that can pattern polymer functional materials directly from a solution can effectively avoid any chemical damage induced by conventional lithography techniques. The application of a mold-guided drying technique to pattern PEDOT:PSS-based transistors with high resolution directly from the water-based suspension is presented in this paper. Gold electrodes with short channels were first defined by creating high-resolution polymer lines with mold-guided drying followed by pattern transfer through a lift-off process. Then, PEDOT:PSS lines were subsequently created through an identical mold-guided drying process on the predefined electrodes. Small-scale transistor devices with both shortened channel length and width exhibited a good high-frequency response because of the weak capacitive effect. This is particularly advantageous for electrochemical transistors since the use of conventional fabrication techniques is extremely challenging in this case. In addition, modified polymer chain alignment of the assembled PEDOT:PSS lines during the drying process was observed by optical and electrical measurement. The mold-guided drying technique has been proven to be a promising method to fabricate small-scale devices, especially for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Xin Chang
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Shunpu Li
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
- College
of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen
Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Pawan Kumar Shrestha
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Edward K.W. Tan
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Daping Chu
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
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4
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Park SM, Park G, Cha YJ, Yoon DK. Generation of 2D DNA Microstructures via Topographic Control and Shearing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002449. [PMID: 32686286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2D DNA microstructures are fabricated by applying the shear force to the DNA solution on the microchannels. The "U"-like textures of DNA are clearly observed when the mechanical shearing is applied on the aqueous DNA sample under the topographic confinement, in which the shearing direction is perpendicular to the grooves. The optical textures of U-like microstructures are directly observed by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and laser scanning fluorescent confocal polarizing microscopy (FCPM). The DNA microstructures can be modified by varying the width, showing the multiple U-patterns along with channel direction due to the synergistic interaction between the elastic behavior of DNA chains and topographic boundary condition. The resultant microstructures can be used to align rod-like liquid crystals (LCs) to generate alternatively oriented nematic phase and tilted focal conic domains (FCDs) in the smectic A phase. It is believed that this approach can suggest a hint to use to DNA materials for organizing multiscale hierarchical structures of soft- and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhyeong Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Cha
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ni B, Yin Y, Peng J. A Simple Route to Hierarchical Rings of Diblock Copolymer Micelles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900525. [PMID: 31778248 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A hierarchically assembled necklace composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles is exquisitely produced by capitalizing on two concurrent self-assembly processes at different scales (i.e., "breath figure" strategy of diblock copolymer micelles solution evaporating in humid air to yield rings at the microscopic scale in conjunction with self-assembly of diblock copolymer micelles within individual ring at the nanometer scale). Intriguingly, hierarchical rings of diblock copolymer micelles comprising gold precursors or fluorescent dyes can also be crafted using this strategy. Upon exposure to hydrophilic block-selective solvent, core-corona inversion of micelles within the microscopic rings occurs. In contrast, such inversion is inhibited when the micelles are impregnated by gold precursors. This simple yet effective strategy for engineering diblock copolymer micelles may be extended to produce hierarchically assembled structures consisting of other functional block copolymers (e.g., stimuli-responsive block copolymer) and nanocrystals (e.g., semiconducting, magnetic, ferroelectric, etc.) with unique catalytic, magnetic, ferroelectric, optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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6
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Li S, Chun YT, Zhao S, Ahn H, Ahn D, Sohn JI, Xu Y, Shrestha P, Pivnenko M, Chu D. High-resolution patterning of solution-processable materials via externally engineered pinning of capillary bridges. Nat Commun 2018; 9:393. [PMID: 29374179 PMCID: PMC5786051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronics based on solution-processable materials are promising for applications in many fields which stimulated enormous research interest in liquid-drying and pattern formation. However, assembling of structure with submicrometre/nanometre resolution through liquid process is very challenging. We show a simple method to rapidly generate polymer structures with deep-submicrometre-sized features over large areas. In this method, a solution film is dried on a substrate under a suspended flexible template with groove/ridge surface topography. Upon solvent evaporation, the solution splits in the grooves and forms capillary bridges between the template and substrate, which are firmly pinned by the edges of the template grooves. This groove pinning stabilizes the contact lines, thereby allowing the formation of fine patterned structures with high aspect ratios which were used to fabricate various functional materials and electronic devices. We also produced secondary self-assembled nano-stripe patterns with resolutions of about 50 nm on the primary lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpu Li
- Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Young Tea Chun
- Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Gyeongbuk, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Docheon Ahn
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Gyeongbuk, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Inn Sohn
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Yongbing Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- York-Nanjing Joint Centre for Spintronics and Nano Engineering (YNJC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Pawan Shrestha
- Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Mike Pivnenko
- Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Daping Chu
- Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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7
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Oligonucleotide-based label-free detection with optical microresonators: strategies and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2572-2595. [PMID: 27306702 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review targets diversified oligonucleotide-based biodetection techniques, focusing on the use of microresonators of whispering gallery mode (WGM) type as optical biosensors mostly integrated with lab-on-a-chip systems. On-chip and microfluidics combined devices along with optical microresonators provide rapid, robust, reproducible and multiplexed biodetection abilities in considerably small volumes. We present a detailed overview of the studies conducted so far, including biodetection of various oligonucleotide biomarkers as well as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. We particularly advert to chemical surface modifications for specific and selective biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Zhang A, Bai H, Li L. Breath Figure: A Nature-Inspired Preparation Method for Ordered Porous Films. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9801-68. [PMID: 26284609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Zhang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zheng C, Hu A, Kihm KD, Ma Q, Li R, Chen T, Duley WW. Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Cavity Microball Lens (CMBL) inside a PMMA Substrate for Super-Wide Angle Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3007-3016. [PMID: 25740653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since microlenses have to date been fabricated primarily by surface manufacturing, they are highly susceptible to surface damage, and their microscale size makes it cumbersome to handle. Thus, cavity lenses are preferred, as they alleviate these difficulties associated with the surface-manufactured microlenses. Here, it is shown that a high repetition femtosecond laser can effectively fabricate cavity microball lenses (CMBLs) inside a polymethyl methacrylate slice. Optimal CMBL fabrication conditions are determined by examining the pertinent parameters, including the laser processing time, the average irradiation power, and the pulse repetition rates. In addition, a heat diffusion modeling is developed to better understand the formation of the spherical cavity and the slightly compressed affected zone surrounding the cavity. A micro-telescope consisting of a microscope objective and a CMBL demonstrates a super-wide field-of-view imaging capability. Finally, detailed optical characterizations of CMBLs are elaborated to account for the refractive index variations of the affected zone. The results presented in the current study demonstrate that a femtosecond laser-fabricated CMBL can be used for robust and super-wide viewing micro imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zheng
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Anming Hu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kenneth D Kihm
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ruozhou Li
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
| | - W W Duley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Li B, Zhang C, Jiang B, Han W, Lin Z. Flow-Enabled Self-Assembly of Large-Scale Aligned Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Li B, Zhang C, Jiang B, Han W, Lin Z. Flow-Enabled Self-Assembly of Large-Scale Aligned Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4250-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Kumar K, Boonstra M, Loos K. Synthesis of carbon microrings using polymer blends as templates. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04185f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon microrings were produced using a template based on phase separation of amylose/pentadecyl phenol (PDP)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Marjon Boonstra
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
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13
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Li X, Wang C, Shao J, Ding Y, Tian H, Li X, Wang L. Periodic parallel array of nanopillars and nanoholes resulting from colloidal stripes patterned by geometrically confined evaporative self-assembly for unique anisotropic wetting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20300-20308. [PMID: 25353399 DOI: 10.1021/am505835z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present an economical process to create anisotropic microtextures based on periodic parallel stripes of monolayer silica nanoparticles (NPs) patterned by geometrically confined evaporative self-assembly (GCESA). In the GCESA process, a straight meniscus of a colloidal dispersion is initially formed in an opened enclosure, which is composed of two parallel plates bounded by a U-shaped spacer sidewall on three sides with an evaporating outlet on the fourth side. Lateral evaporation of the colloidal dispersion leads to periodic "stick-slip" receding of the meniscus (evaporative front), as triggered by the "coffee-ring" effect, promoting the assembly of silica NPs into periodic parallel stripes. The morphology of stripes can be well controlled by tailoring process variables such as substrate wettability, NP concentration, temperature, and gap height, etc. Furthermore, arrayed patterns of nanopillars or nanoholes are generated on a silicon wafer using the as-prepared colloidal stripes as an etching mask or template. Such arrayed patterns can reveal unique anisotropic wetting properties, which have a large contact angle hysteresis viewing from both the parallel and perpendicular directions in addition to a large wetting anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Li
- Micro- and Nanotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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14
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Men Y, Xiao P, Chen J, Fu J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xie Z, Wang W, Chen T. Controlled evaporative self-assembly of poly(acrylic acid) in a confined geometry for fabricating patterned polymer brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4863-4867. [PMID: 24702600 DOI: 10.1021/la500996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple yet robust approach was exploited to fabricate large-scaled patterned polymer brushes by combining controlled evaporative self-assembly (CESA) in a confined geometry and self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization (SIPGP). Our method was carried out without any sophisticated instruments, free of lithography, overcoming current difficulties in fabricating polymer patterns by using complex instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Men
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science , 519 Zhuangshi Road, Ningbo 315201, China
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15
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Ke X, Tang J. A simple method for fabricating patterned curvilinear microstructures in poly(dimethylsiloxane) by selective wetting. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:946-51. [PMID: 23436571 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of patterned microstructures in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a prerequisite for soft lithography. Herein, curvilinear surface relief microstructures in PDMS are fabricated through a simple three-stage approach combining microcontact printing (μCP), selective surface wetting/dewetting and replica molding (REM). First, using an original PDMS stamp (first-generation stamp) with linear relief features, a chemical pattern on gold substrate is generated by μCP using hexadecanethiol (HDT) as an ink. Then, by a dip-coating process, an ordered polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer-dot array forms on the HDT-patterned gold substrate. Finally, based on a REM process, the PEG-dot array on gold substrate is used to fabricate a second-generation PDMS stamp with microcavity array, and the second-generation PDMS stamp is used to generate third-generation PDMS stamp with microbump array. These fabricated new-generation stamps are utilized in μCP and in micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC), allowing the generation of surface micropatterns which cannot be obtained using the original PDMS stamp. The method will be useful in producing new-generation PDMS stamps, especially for those who want to use soft lithography in their studies but have no access to the microfabrication facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kim B, Park M, Kim YS, Jeong U. Thermal expansion and contraction of an elastomer stamp causes position-dependent polymer patterns in capillary force lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4695-4702. [PMID: 21986492 DOI: 10.1021/am201118u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is often observed that polymer patterns fabricated by capillary force lithography (CFL) are not identical, position-dependent even in one sample. The drawback has not been successfully explained so far. This paper reveals that the position-dependent pattern is mainly caused by the volume expansion and contraction of the elastomer stamp during heating and cooling in the CFL process. The stamp expands on a polymer liquid on heating, accumulating the polymer at one side-wall of each pattern of the stamp. And the stamp shrinks back to the initial position, accumulating the polymer at the opposite wall of the stamp pattern. For crystalline polymers, the morphology was mainly determined by the annealing temperature, that is, the degree of expansion. The position-dependence of the morphology was enhanced as the annealing temperature was increased. For amorphous polymers, the morphology was sensitive to cooling rate. Fast cooling led to a frozen morphology generated at the hot annealing temperature, while slow cooling produced an opposite morphology from the one at the annealing. The experimental results were theoretically explained by analyzing thermal expansion of the stamp and the shear stress exerted in the polymer layer. In the conclusion, we added our suggestions to avoid the nonuniformity in the polymer pattern by CFL process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongsoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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