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3D Printed Microfluidic Devices for Drug Release Assays. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010013. [PMID: 33374752 PMCID: PMC7824507 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics research for various applications, including drug delivery, cell-based assays and biomedical research has grown exponentially. Despite this technology’s enormous potential, drawbacks include the need for multistep fabrication, typically with lithography. We present a one-step fabrication process of a microfluidic chip for drug dissolution assays based on a 3D printing technology. Doxorubicin porous and non-porous microspheres, with a mean diameter of 250µm, were fabricated using a conventional “batch” or microfluidic method, based on an optimized solid-in-oil-in-water protocol. Microspheres fabricated with microfluidics system exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency and drug content as compared with batch formulations. We determined drug release profiles of microspheres in varying pH conditions using two distinct dissolution devices that differed in their mechanical barrier structures. The release profile of the “V” shape barrier was similar to that of the dialysis sac test and differed from the “basket” barrier design. Importantly, a cytotoxicity test confirmed biocompatibility of the printed resin. Finally, the chip exhibited high durability and stability, enabling multiple recycling sessions. We show how the combination of microfluidics and 3D printing can reduce costs and time, providing an efficient platform for particle production while offering a feasible cost-effective alternative to clean-room facility polydimethylsiloxane-based chip microfabrication.
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Soffe R, Mach AJ, Onal S, Nock V, Lee LP, Nevill JT. Art-on-a-Chip: Preserving Microfluidic Chips for Visualization and Permanent Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002035. [PMID: 32700460 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
"After a certain high level of technical skill is achieved, science and art tend to coalesce in aesthetics, plasticity, and form. The greatest scientists are always artists as well." said Albert Einstein. Currently, photographic images bridge the gap between microfluidic/lab-on-a-chip devices and art. However, the microfluidic chip itself should be a form of art. Here, novel vibrant epoxy dyes are presented in combination with a simple process to fill and preserve microfluidic chips, to produce microfluidic art or art-on-a-chip. In addition, this process can be used to produce epoxy dye patterned substrates that preserve the geometry of the microfluidic channels-height within 10% of the mold master. This simple approach for preserving microfluidic chips with vibrant, colorful, and long-lasting epoxy dyes creates microfluidic chips that can easily be visualized and photographed repeatedly, for at least 11 years, and hence enabling researchers to showcase their microfluidic chips to potential graduate students, investors, and collaborators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Soffe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Albert J Mach
- BD Biosciences, 2222 Qume Drive, San Jose, CA, 95131, USA
| | - Sevgi Onal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Volker Nock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Centre, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - J Tanner Nevill
- Berkeley Lights, 5858 Horton St, Suite 320, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
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Khajuria DK, Vasireddi R, Priydarshi MK, Mahapatra DR. Ionic Diffusion and Drug Release Behavior of Core-Shell-Functionalized Alginate-Chitosan-Based Hydrogel. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:758-765. [PMID: 31956826 PMCID: PMC6964517 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the core-shell structure effects in calcium alginate (CaALG) microbeads due to the threshold water level for phase transition and correlates these properties with respect to pH and electrical conductivity. Further, in this study, we used a novel microfluidic device for drug release testing to study the programmed release of risedronate (RIS-anti-osteoporotic drug) encapsulated in pH-responsive CaALG-chitosan (CHT) microbeads. Our microfluidic device contains a single straight microchannel containing a steplike barrier design used to restrict the mobility of the microbeads at the sample detection zone. For optical and fluorescence microscopy, single fluorescently labeled CaALG-CHT microbead containing RIS was placed in the sample detection zone by flowing through the inlet port with ultrapure water. The RIS release behavior from the microbeads at different pH (2.1, 4, 6.8, and 7.4) conditions was determined by using a spectrophotometer connected to the outlet port of the device. Results of our first study showed that the decrease in the concentration of CaCl2 increases the swelling rate in CaALG microbeads. Maximum swelling was achieved with the lowest molar concentration of CaCl2 used for fabrication of CaALG microbeads. Further, electrical current-voltage characteristic shows the nature of ionic mobility with respect to varying levels of pH indicating electrokinetic forces developed in the CaALG microbeads. By using a microfluidic device for drug release testing, we demonstrated that a sustained release delivery system for RIS can be prepared by coating with pH-sensitive and biodegradable CaALG-CHT. The CaALG-CHT microbeads used for encapsulating RIS are resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach. This may improve the therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the gastric adverse effects associated with RIS by preventing its decomposition in the acidic condition of stomach. The newly developed microfluidic device for drug release testing may find applications in screening novel drugs and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- Laboratory
for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems, Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department
of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research
and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania
State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ramakrishna Vasireddi
- Laboratory
for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems, Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Manish Kumar Priydarshi
- Laboratory
for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems, Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Debiprosad Roy Mahapatra
- Laboratory
for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems, Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Shrivas M, Khunt D, Shrivas M, Choudhari M, Rathod R, Misra M. Advances in In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Testing of Solid Oral Formulations: How Closer to In Vivo Performance? J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Nguyen HT, Marquis M, Anton M, Marze S. Studying the real-time interplay between triglyceride digestion and lipophilic micronutrient bioaccessibility using droplet microfluidics. 1 lab on a chip method. Food Chem 2019; 275:523-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Acevedo AJ, Holt RG, Desai D, Zaman MH. Small volume method for drug release screening using ultrasonic agitation. Analyst 2018; 143:4732-4740. [PMID: 30191216 PMCID: PMC6983327 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug release testing plays a major role along all parts of the dosage form development and manufacturing process. However, official methods to perform this type of testing are often resource intensive and require highly specialized facilities. Affordable and accessible methods for studying drug release behavior are currently lacking. This work presents a small volume approach to solid dissolution and drug release testing of solid dosage forms using ultrasonic agitation. Cavitation and acoustic streaming were generated by a microprobe horn delivering a 40 kHz acoustic signal into a 50 mL test vessel. These two phenomena resulted in breakdown of and release of drug from tablet samples. Prednisone Performance Verification Tablets were used as model tablets to study the effect of system parameters on the drug release process. The effects of these parameters on the acousto-hydrodynamic environment were studied using streak photography and hydrophone measurements. Drug release behavior showed a slow/fast threshold transition separated by a highly variable regime as a function of the system parameters. Observations from drug release experiments and results from acoust-hydrodynamic characterization experiments suggested that this transition is dominated by acoustic streaming. This method represents a screening method to probe relative differences in dosage form composition and acts as a complimentary approach to official testing methods. The small volume format of this test has potential applications in the study of drug release properties from low-dose and novel solid dosage forms as well as reduced cost and increased accessibility of release testing for post-manufacturing tablet quality screening, a current need in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Swider E, Koshkina O, Tel J, Cruz LJ, de Vries IJM, Srinivas M. Customizing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:38-51. [PMID: 29653217 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nano- and microparticles have increasingly widespread applications in nanomedicine, ranging from drug delivery to imaging. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles are the most widely-applied type of particles due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Here, we discuss the preparation of PLGA particles, and various modifications to tailor particles for applications in biological systems. We highlight new preparation approaches, including microfluidics and PRINT method, and modifications of PLGA particles resulting in novel or responsive properties, such as Janus or upconversion particles. Finally, we describe how the preparation methods can- and should-be adapted to tailor the properties of particles for the desired biomedical application. Our aim is to enable researchers who work with PLGA particles to better appreciate the effects of the selected preparation procedure on the final properties of the particles and its biological implications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nanoparticles are increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. Particles made of polymers are in the spotlight, due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, versatility. In this review, we aim to discuss the range of formulation techniques, manipulations, and applications of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles, to enable a researcher to effectively select or design the optimal particles for their application. We describe the various techniques of PLGA particle synthesis and their impact on possible applications. We focus on recent developments in the field of PLGA particles, and new synthesis techniques that have emerged over the past years. Overall, we show how the chemistry of PLGA particles can be adapted to solve pressing biological needs.
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Feng H, Ashkar R, Steinke N, Dalgliesh R, Lavrik NV, Kravchenko II, Pynn R. Grating-based holographic diffraction methods for X-rays and neutrons: phase object approximation and dynamical theory. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717016867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A method dubbed grating-based holography was recently used to determine the structure of colloidal fluids in the rectangular grooves of a diffraction grating from X-ray scattering measurements. Similar grating-based measurements have also been recently made with neutrons using a technique called spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction data was done using an approximation that treats the X-ray phase change caused by the colloidal structure as a small perturbation to the overall phase pattern generated by the grating. In this paper, the adequacy of this weak phase approximation is explored for both X-ray and neutron grating holography. It is found that there are several approximations hidden within the weak phase approximation that can lead to incorrect conclusions from experiments. In particular, the phase contrast for the empty grating is a critical parameter. While the approximation is found to be perfectly adequate for X-ray grating holography experiments performed to date, it cannot be applied to similar neutron experiments because the latter technique requires much deeper grating channels.
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Numerical and experimental study of oil-in-water (O/W) droplet formation in a co-flowing capillary device. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Jensen SS, Jensen H, Goodall DM, Østergaard J. Performance characteristics of UV imaging instrumentation for diffusion, dissolution and release testing studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:113-123. [PMID: 27589028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UV imaging is capable of providing spatially and temporally resolved absorbance measurements, which is highly beneficial in drug diffusion, dissolution and release testing studies. For optimal planning and design of experiments, knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of the imaging system is required. The aim of this study was to characterize the performance of two commercially available UV imaging systems, the D100 and SDI. Lidocaine crystals, lidocaine containing solutions, and gels were applied in the practical assessment of the UV imaging systems. Dissolution of lidocaine from single crystals into phosphate buffer and 0.5% (w/v) agarose hydrogel at pH 7.4 was investigated to shed light on the importance of density gradients under dissolution conditions in the absence of convective flow. In addition, the resolution of the UV imaging systems was assessed by the use of grids. Resolution was found to be better in the vertical direction than the horizontal direction, consistent with the illumination geometry. The collimating lens in the SDI imaging system was shown to provide more uniform light intensity across the UV imaging area and resulted in better resolution as compared to the D100 imaging system (a system without a lens). Under optimal conditions, the resolution was determined to be 12.5 and 16.7 line pairs per mm (lp/mm) corresponding to line widths of 40μm and 30μm in the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. Overall, the performance of the UV imaging systems was shown mainly to depend on collimation of light, the light path, the positioning of the object relative to the line of 100μm fibres which forms the light source, and the distance of the object from the sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine S Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Goodall
- Paraytec Limited, York House, Outgang Lane, Osbaldwick, York, YO19 5UP, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ewing AV, Clarke GS, Kazarian SG. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging of pharmaceuticals in microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024125. [PMID: 27158293 PMCID: PMC4841796 DOI: 10.1063/1.4946867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients presents challenges for effective drug delivery. In this study, the combination of attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopic imaging with specifically designed polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices to study drug release from pharmaceutical formulations has been developed. First, the high-throughput analysis of the dissolution of micro-formulations studied under flowing conditions has been introduced using a model formulation of ibuprofen and polyethylene glycol. The behaviour and release of the drug was monitored in situ under different pH conditions. In contrast to the neutral solution, where both the drug and excipient dissolved at a similar rate, structural change from the molecularly dispersed to a crystalline form of ibuprofen was characterised in the obtained spectroscopic images and the corresponding ATR-FTIR spectra for the experiments carried out in the acidic medium. Further investigations into the behaviour of the drug after its release from formulations (i.e., dissolved drug) were also undertaken. Different solutions of sodium ibuprofen dissolved in a neutral medium were studied upon contact with acidic conditions. The phase transition from a dissolved species of sodium ibuprofen to the formation of solid crystalline ibuprofen was revealed in the microfluidic channels. This innovative approach could offer a promising platform for high-throughput analysis of a range of micro-formulations, which are of current interest due to the advent of 3D printed pharmaceutical and microparticulate delivery systems. Furthermore, the ability to study dissolved drug in solution under flowing conditions can be useful for the studies of the diffusion of drugs into tissues or live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Ewing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Clarke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb , Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, Merseyside CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
Droplet microfluidics may soon change the paradigm of performing chemical analyses and related instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Yu Basova
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
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13
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Ashkar R, Pynn R, Dalgliesh R, Lavrik NV, Kravchenko II. A new approach for probing matter in periodic nanoconfinements using neutron scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714013387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) combined with an exact dynamical theory (DT) model in resolving the arrangement of spherical colloidal particles in planar confinements, such as the channels of a rectangular diffraction grating, is reported. SESANS data obtained with a suspension of charge-stabilized 180 nm silica particles in contact with a silicon diffraction grating, with ∼650 nm-wide channels, show clear deviations from the signal expected from a homogenous distribution of the suspension. DT fits to the data indicate that the colloidal particles are almost twice as concentrated in the channels as they are in the neighboring bulk suspension, consistent with a structure in which the particles are arranged in close-packed sheets parallel to the walls of the confining channels.
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14
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Kuentz M. Analytical technologies for real-time drug dissolution and precipitation testing on a small scale. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 67:143-59. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This review focuses on real-time analytics of drug dissolution and precipitation testing on a comparatively small scale.
Key findings
Miniaturisation of test equipment is an important trend in pharmaceutics, and several small-scale experiments have been reported for drug dissolution and precipitation testing. Such tests typically employ analytics in real-time. Fibre optic ultraviolet (UV) analytics has become a well-established method in this field. Novel imaging techniques are emerging that use visible or UV light; also promising is Fourier transform infrared imaging based on attenuated total reflection. More information than just a rate constant is obtained from these methods. The early phase of a dissolution process can be assessed and drug precipitation may eventually be observed. Some real-time techniques are particularly well suited to studying drug precipitation during formulation dispersion; for example, turbidity, focused beam reflectance measurement and Raman spectroscopy.
Summary
Small-scale dissolution tests equipped with real-time analytics have become important to screen drug candidates as well as to study prototype formulations in early development. Future approaches are likely to combine different analytical techniques including imaging. Miniaturisation started with mini-vessels or small vials and future assays of dissolution research will probably more often reach the level of parallel well plates and microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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15
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Kazarian SG, Ewing AV. Applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging to tablet dissolution and drug release. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1207-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.801452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Chen Y, Wu L, Zhang C. Emulsion droplet formation in coflowing liquid streams. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:013002. [PMID: 23410421 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate emulsion droplet formation in coflowing liquid streams based on a computational fluid dynamics simulation using the volume-of-fluid method to track the interface motion with a focus on the dynamics of the dripping and jetting regimes. The simulations reproduce dripping, widening jetting and narrowing jetting simultaneously in a coflowing microchannel in agreement with the experimental observations in this work. The result indicates that the dripping regime, rather than the jetting regime, is a favorable way to producing monodisperse emulsions. We find that, in dripping and widening jetting regimes, the breakup of a drop is induced by higher pressure in the neck which squeezes liquid into the lower-pressure region in subsequent and primary droplets, while the breakup in the narrowing jetting regime is due to slow velocity at the back end of the trough with respect to the leading end of the trough. In addition, the capillary number of the outer fluid and the Weber number of the inner fluid not only determine the drop diameter and generation rate but also the regime of emulsification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China.
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