1
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Wulandari DA, Tsuru K, Minamihata K, Wakabayashi R, Egami G, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M, Goto M, Kamiya N. Design and validation of functionalized redox-responsive hydrogel beads for high-throughput screening of antibody-secreting mammalian cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:89-95. [PMID: 38644063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Antibody drugs play a vital role in diagnostics and therapy. However, producing antibodies from mammalian cells is challenging owing to cellular heterogeneity, which can be addressed by applying droplet-based microfluidic platforms for high-throughput screening (HTS). Here, we designed an integrated system based on disulfide-bonded redox-responsive hydrogel beads (redox-HBs), which were prepared through enzymatic hydrogelation, to compartmentalize, screen, select, retrieve, and recover selected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells secreting high levels of antibodies. Moreover, redox-HBs were functionalized with protein G as an antibody-binding module to capture antibodies secreted from encapsulated cells. As proof-of-concept, cells co-producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the antibody and green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the reporter molecule, denoted as CHO(IgG/GFP), were encapsulated into functionalized redox-HBs. Additionally, antibody-secreting cells were labeled with protein L-conjugated horseradish peroxidase using a tyramide amplification system, enabling fluorescence staining of the antibody captured inside the beads. Redox-HBs were then applied to fluorescence-activated droplet sorting, and selected redox-HBs were degraded by reducing the disulfide bonds to recover the target cells. The results indicated the potential of the developed HTS platform for selecting a single cell viable for biopharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diah Anggraini Wulandari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Tsuru
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Go Egami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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2
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Gwon K, Park JD, Lee S, Yu JS, Lee DN. Fabrication of silicon-based nickel nanoflower-encapsulated gelatin microspheres as an active antimicrobial carrier. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130617. [PMID: 38447829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Local antibiotic application might mitigate the burgeoning problem of rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes. To accomplish this, delivery systems must be engineered. Hydrogels have a wide range of physicochemical properties and can mimic the extracellular matrix, rendering them promising materials for local antibacterial agent application. Here, we synthesized antibacterial silicon (Si)-based nickel (Ni) nanoflowers (Si@Ni) and encapsulated them in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) using microfluidic and photo-crosslink technology, constructing uniform micro-sized hydrogel spheres (Si@Ni-GelMA). Si@Ni and Si@Ni-GelMA were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Injectable Si@Ni-GelMA exhibited excellent antibacterial activities owing to the antibiotic effect of Ni against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, while showing negligible cytotoxicity. Therefore, the Si@Ni-GelMA system can be used as drug carriers owing to their injectability, visible light-mediated crosslinking, degradation, biosafety, and superior antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihak Gwon
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Jong-Deok Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhwa Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Yu
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Nam Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Rashidi N, Slater A, Peregrino G, Santin M. A novel, microfluidic high-throughput single-cell encapsulation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:19. [PMID: 38526655 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of stem-cell therapy depends on the ability of the transplanted cells to escape early immunological reactions and to be retained at the site of transplantation. The use of tissue engineering scaffolds or injectable biomaterials as carriers has been proposed, but they still present limitations linked to a reliable manufacturing process, surgical practice and clinical outcomes. Alginate microbeads are potential candidates for the encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells with the aim of providing a delivery carrier suitable for minimally-invasive and scaffold-free transplantation, tissue-adhesive properties and protection from the immune response. However, the formation of stable microbeads relies on the cross-linking of alginate with divalent calcium ions at concentrations that are toxic for the cells, making control over the beads' size and a single-cell encapsulation unreliable. The present work demonstrates the efficiency of an innovative, high throughput, and reproducible microfluidic system to produce single-cell, calcium-free alginate coatings of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Among the various conditions tested, visible light and confocal microscopy following staining of the cell nuclei by DAPI showed that the microfluidic system yielded an optimal single-cell encapsulation of 2000 cells/min in 2% w/v alginate microcapsules of reproducible morphology and an average size of 28.2 ± 3.7 µm. The adhesive properties of the alginate microcapsules, the viability of the encapsulated cells and their ability to escape the alginate microcapsule were demonstrated by the relatively rapid adherence of the beads onto tissue culture plastic and the cells' ability to gradually disrupt the microcapsule shell after 24 h and proliferate. To mimic the early inflammatory response upon transplantation, the encapsulated cells were exposed to proliferating macrophages at different cell seeding densities for up to 2 days and the protection effect of the microcapsule on the cells assessed by time-lapse microscopy showing a shielding effect for up to 48 h. This work underscores the potential of microfluidic systems to precisely encapsulate cells by good manufacturing practice standards while favouring cell retention on substrates, viability and proliferation upon transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Rashidi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Alex Slater
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Giordana Peregrino
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Matteo Santin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
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4
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Gaur D, Dubey NC, Tripathi BP. Designing Configurable Soft Microgelsomes as a Smart Biomimetic Protocell. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1108-1118. [PMID: 38236272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly is an intriguing aspect of primitive cells. The construction of a semipermeable compartment with a robust framework of soft material capable of housing an array of functional components for chemical changes is essential for the fabrication of synthetic protocells. Microgels, loosely cross-linked polymer networks, are suitable building blocks for protocell capsule generation due to their porous structure, tunable properties, and assembly at the emulsion interface. Here, we present an interfacial assembly of microgel-based microcompartments (microgelsomes, MGC) that are defined by a semipermeable, temperature-responsive elastic membrane formed by densely packed microgels in a monolayer. The water-dispersible microgelsomes can thermally shuttle between 10 and 95 °C while retaining their structural integrity. Importantly, the microgelsomes exhibited distinct properties of protocells, such as cargo encapsulation, semipermeable membrane, DNA amplification, and membrane-gated compartmentalized enzymatic cascade reaction. This versatile approach for the construction of biomimetic microcompartments augments the protocell library and paves the way for programmable synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gaur
- Functional Materials & Membranes Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nidhi C Dubey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Functional Materials & Membranes Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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5
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Nguyen TPT, Li F, Hung B, Truong VX, Thissen H, Forsythe JS, Frith JE. Cell Microencapsulation within Gelatin-PEG Microgels Using a Simple Pipet Tip-Based Device. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6024-6033. [PMID: 37788301 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are microscale particles of hydrogel that can be laden with cells and used to create macroporous tissue constructs. Their ability to support cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions, along with the high levels of nutrient and metabolite exchange facilitated by their high surface area-to-volume ratio, means that they are attracting increasing attention for a variety of tissue regeneration applications. Here, we present methods for fabricating and modifying the structure of microfluidic devices using commonly available laboratory consumables including pipet tips and PTFE and silicon tubing to produce microgels. Different microfluidic devices realized the controlled generation of a wide size range (130-800 μm) of microgels for cell encapsulation. Subsequently, we describe the process of encapsulating mesenchymal stromal cells in microgels formed by photo-cross-linking of gelatin-norbornene and PEG dithiol. The introduced pipet-based chip offers simplicity, tunability, and versatility, making it easily assembled in most laboratories to effectively produce cell-laden microgels for various applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy P T Nguyen
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Brendan Hung
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vinh Xuan Truong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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6
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Mettler M, Dewandre A, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Septavaux J. Single crystal formation in core-shell capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12739-12742. [PMID: 37801289 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This work extends the scope of microfluidic-based crystallization methods by introducing solid microcapsules. Hundreds of perfectly similar microcapsules were generated per second, allowing a fast screening of crystallization conditions. XRD analyses were performed directly on encapsulated single crystals demonstrating the potential of this process for the characterization of compounds, including screening polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mettler
- Secoya Technologies Fond des Més 4, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Adrien Dewandre
- Secoya Technologies Fond des Més 4, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM) Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM) Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Jean Septavaux
- Secoya Technologies Fond des Més 4, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
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7
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Kapila R, Sen B, Kamra A, Chandran S, Rana S. Light-gated specific oxidase-like activity of a self-assembled Pt(II) nanozyme for environmental remediation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14809-14821. [PMID: 37655463 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Artificial enzyme equivalents, also known as nanozymes, are a practical tool for environmental remediation when compared to their natural counterparts due to their high operational stability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Specific oxidase mimicking nanozymes are well suited to degrade toxic chemicals from industrial waste such as phenols and azo dyes. Therefore, photocatalytic nanozymes using visible/sunlight would provide a viable strategy for sustainable environmental remediation. Herein, we introduce an aggregation-induced emissive Pt(II) complex, which self-assembles in water providing NanoPtA nanotapes. These structures exhibit a specific oxidase-like nanozyme activity driven by light. The NanoPtA structure assists in the photogeneration of singlet oxygen in water via a triplet excited 3MMLCT state, leading to a specific oxidase-like activity instead of a peroxidase-like activity. The self-assembled nanozyme showed great stability under harsh environmental conditions and exhibited photo-induced specific oxidase-mimetic activity, which was considerably more efficient than the natural enzyme or other specific nanozymes. We demonstrated efficient NanoPtA-induced photocatalytic degradation of various phenolic compounds and azo dyes within 5-10 minutes of light irradiation. Notably, the system operates under sunlight and exhibits reusability over twenty cycles of catalytic reactions. Another fascinating aspect of NanoPtA is the unaltered catalytic performance for more than 75 days, providing a robust enzyme-equivalent for practical sustainable environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kapila
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bhaskar Sen
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Alisha Kamra
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shana Chandran
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Subinoy Rana
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Arif M. A Critical Review of Palladium Nanoparticles Decorated in Smart Microgels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3600. [PMID: 37688226 PMCID: PMC10490228 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles (Pd) combined with smart polymer microgels have attracted significant interest in the past decade. These hybrid materials have unique properties that make them appealing for various applications in biology, environmental remediation, and catalysis. The responsive nature of the microgels in these hybrids holds great promise for a wide range of applications. The literature contains diverse morphologies and architectures of Pd nanoparticle-based hybrid microgels, and the architecture of these hybrids plays a vital role in determining their potential uses. Therefore, specific Pd nanoparticle-based hybrid microgels are designed for specific applications. This report provides an overview of recent advancements in the classification, synthesis, properties, characterization, and uses of Pd nanostructures loaded into microgels. Additionally, the report discusses the latest progress in biomedical, catalytic, environmental, and sensing applications of Pd-based hybrid microgels in a tutorial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
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9
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Han F, Meng Q, Xie E, Li K, Hu J, Chen Q, Li J, Han F. Engineered biomimetic micro/nano-materials for tissue regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205792. [PMID: 37469449 PMCID: PMC10352664 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of tissue and organ damage caused by various diseases is increasing worldwide. Tissue engineering is a promising strategy of tackling this problem because of its potential to regenerate or replace damaged tissues and organs. The biochemical and biophysical cues of biomaterials can stimulate and induce biological activities such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and ultimately achieve tissue repair and regeneration. Micro/nano materials are a special type of biomaterial that can mimic the microstructure of tissues on a microscopic scale due to its precise construction, further providing scaffolds with specific three-dimensional structures to guide the activities of cells. The study and application of biomimetic micro/nano-materials have greatly promoted the development of tissue engineering. This review aims to provide an overview of the different types of micro/nanomaterials, their preparation methods and their application in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingchen Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - En Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianglong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Volova LT, Kotelnikov GP, Shishkovsky I, Volov DB, Ossina N, Ryabov NA, Komyagin AV, Kim YH, Alekseev DG. 3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Articular Cartilage: Biopolymers, Hydrogels, and Bioinks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2695. [PMID: 37376340 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system, consisting of bones and cartilage of various types, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, is the basis of the human body. However, many pathological conditions caused by aging, lifestyle, disease, or trauma can damage its elements and lead to severe disfunction and significant worsening in the quality of life. Due to its structure and function, articular (hyaline) cartilage is the most susceptible to damage. Articular cartilage is a non-vascular tissue with constrained self-regeneration capabilities. Additionally, treatment methods, which have proven efficacy in stopping its degradation and promoting regeneration, still do not exist. Conservative treatment and physical therapy only relieve the symptoms associated with cartilage destruction, and traditional surgical interventions to repair defects or endoprosthetics are not without serious drawbacks. Thus, articular cartilage damage remains an urgent and actual problem requiring the development of new treatment approaches. The emergence of biofabrication technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, at the end of the 20th century, allowed reconstructive interventions to get a second wind. Three-dimensional bioprinting creates volume constraints that mimic the structure and function of natural tissue due to the combinations of biomaterials, living cells, and signal molecules to create. In our case-hyaline cartilage. Several approaches to articular cartilage biofabrication have been developed to date, including the promising technology of 3D bioprinting. This review represents the main achievements of such research direction and describes the technological processes and the necessary biomaterials, cell cultures, and signal molecules. Special attention is given to the basic materials for 3D bioprinting-hydrogels and bioinks, as well as the biopolymers underlying the indicated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa T Volova
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Gennadiy P Kotelnikov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Igor Shishkovsky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitriy B Volov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Natalya Ossina
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Ryabov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Komyagin
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Yeon Ho Kim
- RokitHealth Care Ltd., 9, Digital-ro 10-gil, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08514, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis G Alekseev
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
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11
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Tang T, Liu C, Min Z, Cai W, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang A. Microfluidic Fabrication of Gelatin Acrylamide Microgels through Visible Light Photopolymerization for Cell Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37289861 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin-based microgels are intriguing for various biomedical applications, which are conventionally prepared through photopolymerization of gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA). Here, we report on the modification of gelatin through acrylamidation to form gelatin acrylamide (GelA) with different substitution degrees, which was found to exhibit fast photopolymerization kinetics, better gelation, steady viscosity at elevated temperatures, and satisfying biocompatibility when compared to GelMA. By the online photopolymerization strategy with a home-made microfluidic setting, microgels of uniform sizes from GelA by blue light were obtained and their swollen properties were investigated. Compared to the microgels from GelMA, they showed an enhanced cross-linking degree and have better shape stability when swollen in water. Cell toxicities of the hydrogels from GelA and cell encapsulation from the corresponding microgels were investigated, which were found to exhibit superior properties than those from GelMA. We therefore believe that GelA has potential for constructing scaffolds for bioapplications and can be an excellent substitute for GelMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chang Liu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zeqi Min
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenjing Cai
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiacong Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Wang J, Ghosh D, Maniruzzaman M. Using bugs as drugs: administration of bacteria-related microbes to fight cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114825. [PMID: 37075953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the advancement of microbiology and cancer biology, bioengineering of bacteria-related microbes has demonstrated great potential in targeted cancer therapy. Presently, the major administration routes of bacteria-related microbes for cancer treatment include intravenous injection, intratumoral injection, intraperitoneal injection, and oral delivery. Administration routes of bacteria play a key role in anticancer therapeutic efficacy since different delivery approaches might exert an anticancer effect through diverse mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview of the primary routes of bacteria administration as well as their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss that microencapsulation can overcome the current challenges of direct administration of free bacteria. We also review the latest advancements in combining functional particles with engineered bacteria to fight against cancer, which can be further coupled with conventional anticancer therapies to improve the therapeutic effect. Eventually, we highlight the application prospect of bioprinting in cancer bacteriotherapy, which enables the long-term sustained delivery and individualized dose regimen, representing a new paradigm for personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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13
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Islam K, Liu Y. Microfluidic Droplet-Assisted Fabrication of Vessel-Supported Tumors for Preclinical Drug Discovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15152-15161. [PMID: 36920885 PMCID: PMC10249002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-fidelity in vitro tumor models are important for preclinical drug discovery processes. Currently, the most commonly used model for in vitro drug testing remains the two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer. However, the natural in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of extracellular matrix (ECM), supporting stromal cells and vasculature. They not only participate in the progression of tumors but also hinder drug delivery and effectiveness on tumor cells. Here, we report an integrated engineering system to generate vessel-supported tumors for preclinical drug screening. First, gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel was selected to mimic tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). HCT-116 tumor cells were encapsulated into individual micro-GelMA beads with microfluidic droplet technique to mimic tumor-ECM interactions in vitro. Then, normal human lung fibroblasts were mingled with tumor cells to imitate the tumor-stromal interaction. The tumor cells and fibroblasts reconstituted in the individual GelMA microbead and formed a biomimetic heterotypic tumor model with a core-shell structure. Next, the cell-laden beads were consociated into a functional on-chip vessel network platform to restore the tumor-tumor microenvironment (TME) interaction. Afterward, the anticancer drug paclitaxel was tested on the individual and vessel-supported tumor models. It was demonstrated that the blood vessel-associated TME conferred significant additional drug resistance in the drug screening experiment. The reported system is expected to enable the large-scale fabrication of vessel-supported heterotypic tumor models of various cellular compositions. It is believed to be promising for the large-scale fabrication of biomimetic in vitro tumor models and may be valuable for improving the efficiency of preclinical drug discovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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14
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Nan L, Mao T, Shum HC. Self-synchronization of reinjected droplets for high-efficiency droplet pairing and merging. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:24. [PMID: 36910256 PMCID: PMC9995457 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Droplet merging serves as a powerful tool to add reagents to moving droplets for biological and chemical reactions. However, unsynchronized droplet pairing impedes high-efficiency merging. Here, we develop a microfluidic design for the self-synchronization of reinjected droplets. A periodic increase in the hydrodynamic resistance caused by droplet blocking a T-junction enables automatic pairing of droplets. After inducing spacing, the paired droplets merge downstream under an electric field. The blockage-based design can achieve a 100% synchronization efficiency even when the mismatch rate of droplet frequencies reaches 10%. Over 98% of the droplets can still be synchronized at nonuniform droplet sizes and fluctuating reinjection flow rates. Moreover, the droplet pairing ratio can be adjusted flexibly for on-demand sample addition. Using this system, we merge two groups of droplets encapsulating enzyme/substrate, demonstrating its capacity to conduct multi-step reactions. We also combine droplet sorting and merging to coencapsulate single cells and single beads, providing a basis for high-efficiency single-cell sequencing. We expect that this system can be integrated with other droplet manipulation systems for a broad range of chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Nan
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Zheng X, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Zheng Y, Wu Z, Zhang X, Lin JM. 3D microgel with extensively adjustable stiffness and homogeneous microstructure for metastasis analysis of solid tumor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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16
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The Use of Biomaterials in Three-Dimensional Culturing of Cancer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1100-1112. [PMID: 36826018 PMCID: PMC9954970 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is an important tool in biological research. Most studies use 2D cell culture, but cells grown in 2D cell culture have drawbacks, including limited cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, which make it inaccurate to model conditions in vivo. Anticancer drug screening is an important research and development process for developing new drugs. As an experiment to mimic the cancer environment in vivo, several studies have been carried out on 3-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with added biomaterials. The use of hydrogel in 3D culture cells is currently developing. The type of hydrogel used might influence cell morphology, viability, and drug screening outcome. Therefore, this review discusses 3D cell culture research regarding the addition of biomaterials.
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17
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Duan C, Yu M, Hu C, Xia H, Kankala RK. Polymeric microcarriers for minimally-invasive cell delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1076179. [PMID: 36777246 PMCID: PMC9908582 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1076179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) aims at restoring tissue defects by applying the three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic pre-formed scaffolds to restore, maintain, and enhance tissue growth. Broadly speaking, this approach has created a potential impact in anticipating organ-building, which could reduce the need for organ replacement therapy. However, the implantation of such cell-laden biomimetic constructs based on substantial open surgeries often results in severe inflammatory reactions at the incision site, leading to the generation of a harsh adverse environment where cell survival is low. To overcome such limitations, micro-sized injectable modularized units based on various biofabrication approaches as ideal delivery vehicles for cells and various growth factors have garnered compelling interest owing to their minimally-invasive nature, ease of packing cells, and improved cell retention efficacy. Several advancements have been made in fabricating various 3D biomimetic microscale carriers for cell delivery applications. In this review, we explicitly discuss the progress of the microscale cell carriers that potentially pushed the borders of TE, highlighting their design, ability to deliver cells and substantial tissue growth in situ and in vivo from different viewpoints of materials chemistry and biology. Finally, we summarize the perspectives highlighting current challenges and expanding opportunities of these innovative carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Duan
- School of New Energy and Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, China,*Correspondence: Ranjith Kumar Kankala, ; Chunyan Duan,
| | - Mingjia Yu
- School of New Energy and Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | - Changji Hu
- School of New Energy and Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | - Hongying Xia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Ranjith Kumar Kankala, ; Chunyan Duan,
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18
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Li Z, Jiang Z, Lu L, Liu Y. Microfluidic Manipulation for Biomedical Applications in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010210. [PMID: 36678839 PMCID: PMC9862045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical injuries and neurodegenerative diseases often lead to irreversible damage to the organizational structure of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), culminating in physiological malfunctions. Investigating these complex and diverse biological processes at the macro and micro levels will help to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with nerve degeneration and regeneration, thereby providing new options for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the functional recovery of the nervous system. Due to their distinct advantages, modern microfluidic platforms have significant potential for high-throughput cell and organoid cultures in vitro, the synthesis of a variety of tissue engineering scaffolds and drug carriers, and observing the delivery of drugs at the desired speed to the desired location in real time. In this review, we first introduce the types of nerve damage and the repair mechanisms of the CNS and PNS; then, we summarize the development of microfluidic platforms and their application in drug carriers. We also describe a variety of damage models, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug carriers for nerve injury repair based on the application of microfluidic platforms. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges and future perspectives with regard to the promotion of nerve injury repair based on engineered microfluidic platform technology.
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19
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Composite silk fibroin hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Seeto WJ, Tian Y, Pradhan S, Minond D, Lipke EA. Droplet Microfluidics-Based Fabrication of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol)-Fibrinogen Breast Cancer Microspheres for Automated Drug Screening Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3831-3841. [PMID: 35969206 PMCID: PMC9472798 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Spheroidal cancer microtissues are highly advantageous for a wide range of biomedical applications, including high-throughput drug screening, multiplexed target validation, mechanistic investigation of tumor-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, among others. Current techniques for spheroidal tissue formation rely heavily on self-aggregation of single cancer cells and have substantial limitations in terms of cell-type-specific heterogeneities, uniformity, ease of production and handling, and most importantly, mimicking the complex native tumor microenvironmental conditions in simplistic models. These constraints can be overcome by using engineered tunable hydrogels that closely mimic the tumor ECM and elucidate pathologically relevant cell behavior, coupled with microfluidics-based high-throughput fabrication technologies to encapsulate cells and create cancer microtissues. In this study, we employ biosynthetic hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) covalently conjugated to natural protein (fibrinogen) (PEG-fibrinogen, PF) to create monodisperse microspheres encapsulating breast cancer cells for 3D culture and tumorigenic characterization. A previously developed droplet-based microfluidic system is used for rapid, facile, and reproducible fabrication of uniform cancer microspheres with either MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 (metastatic) breast cancer cells. Cancer cell-type-dependent variations in cell viability, metabolic activity, and 3D morphology, as well as microsphere stiffness, are quantified over time. Particularly, MCF7 cells grew as tight cellular clusters in the PF microspheres, characteristic of their epithelial morphology, while MDA-MB-231 cells displayed elongated and invasive morphology, characteristic of their mesenchymal and metastatic nature. Finally, the translational potential of the cancer microsphere platform toward high-throughput drug screening is also demonstrated. With high uniformity, scalability, and control over engineered microenvironments, the established cancer microsphere model can be potentially used for mechanistic studies, fabrication of modular cancer microtissues, and future drug-testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen J. Seeto
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Shantanu Pradhan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- College
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Lauderdale, Florida 33314, United States
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin
Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern
University, Lauderdale, Florida 33314, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Lipke
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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21
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Kim J, Choi YJ, Park H, Yun HS. Fabrication of multifunctional alginate microspheres containing hydroxyapatite powder for simultaneous cell and drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:827626. [PMID: 36017354 PMCID: PMC9395714 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.827626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel alginate-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres were developed for simultaneous delivery of drugs and cells as a multifunctional bone substitute for osteoporotic bone tissue regeneration. The microspheres were used to enhance osteogenesis and to carry and deliver quercetin, a representative phytoestrogen that controls bone tissue regeneration metabolism in osteoporosis patients, through sustained release over a long period. To overcome quercetin’s hydrophobicity and low solubility in aqueous environments, we added it to the surface of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles before mixing them with an alginate solution. The homogeneous distribution of the HAp nanoparticles in the alginate solution was essential for preventing nozzle clogging and achieving successfully fabricated hybrid microspheres. To this end, a 3D ultrasonic treatment was applied. Electrostatic microencapsulation was then used to fabricate hybrid alginate-HAp microspheres containing quercetin and cells. The microspheres were approximately 290.7 ± 42.5 μm (aspect ratio of 1). The sustained release of quercetin was confirmed during a test period of 20 weeks. The cells in the hybrid microspheres maintained good cell viability during the entire testing period, and their osteogenic differentiation behavior was boosted by the presence of HAp. Thus, osteogenic differentiation could be greatly improved by adding quercetin. These novel multi-biofunctional hybrid microspheres have great potential for the regeneration of osteoporotic bone tissue at indeterminate defect sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueun Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Ceramic Materials Division, Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Jin Choi
- Ceramic Materials Division, Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea
| | - Honghyun Park
- Ceramic Materials Division, Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Honghyun Park, ; Hui-suk Yun,
| | - Hui-suk Yun
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Ceramic Materials Division, Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Honghyun Park, ; Hui-suk Yun,
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22
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Wei Z, Wang S, Hirvonen J, Santos HA, Li W. Microfluidics Fabrication of Micrometer-Sized Hydrogels with Precisely Controlled Geometries for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200846. [PMID: 35678152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized hydrogels are cross-linked three-dimensional network matrices with high-water contents and dimensions ranging from several to hundreds of micrometers. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and capability to mimic physiological microenvironments in vivo, micrometer-sized hydrogels have attracted much attention in the biomedical engineering field. Their biological properties and applications are primarily influenced by their chemical compositions and geometries. However, inhomogeneous morphologies and uncontrollable geometries limit traditional micrometer-sized hydrogels obtained by bulk mixing. In contrast, microfluidic technology holds great potential for the fabrication of micrometer-sized hydrogels since their geometries, sizes, structures, compositions, and physicochemical properties can be precisely manipulated on demand based on the excellent control over fluids. Therefore, micrometer-sized hydrogels fabricated by microfluidic technology have been applied in the biomedical field, including drug encapsulation, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. This review introduces micrometer-sized hydrogels with various geometries synthesized by different microfluidic devices, highlighting their advantages in various biomedical applications over those from traditional approaches. Overall, emerging microfluidic technologies enrich the geometries and morphologies of hydrogels and accelerate translation for industrial production and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Wei
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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23
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Fabrication of pH-degradable supramacromolecular microgels with tunable size and shape via droplet-based microfluidics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:409-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Wu Y, Zheng Y, Jin Z, Li S, Wu W, An C, Guo J, Zhu Z, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Cen L. Controllable manipulation of alginate-gelatin core-shell microcarriers for HUMSCs expansion. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:1-13. [PMID: 35777503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) are one of the most attractive sources of stem cells, and it is meaningful to design and develop a type of microcarriers with suitable mechanical strength for HUMSCs proliferation in order to acquire enough cells for cell-based therapy. Alginate-gelatin core-shell (AG) soft microcarriers were thus fabricated via a microfluidic device with droplet shearing/gelation facilities and surface coating for in vitro expansion of HUMSCs. The attachment and proliferation of HUMSCs on AG microcarriers with different mechanical strengths modulated by gelatin coating was studied, and the harvested cells were characterized to verity their differentiation potential. The obtained core-shell microcarriers were all uniform in size with a high mono-dispersity (CV < 5 %). An increase in the gelatin surface coating concentration from 0.5 % to 1.5 % would lead to the reduction in both the particle size of the microcarriers and swelling ratio upon the contact of culture medium, but increased elastic modulus. Microcarriers of 245.12 μm with a gelatin coating elastic modulus of 27.5 kPa (AG10) were found to be the optimal substrate for HUMSCs with an initial attachment efficiency of 44.41 % and a 5-day expansion efficiency of 647 %. The cells harvested from AG10 still reserved their outstanding pluripotency. Fresh AG10 could smoothly transfer cells from a running microcarrier-cell system of confluence to serve as a convenient way of scaling-up the existing culture. The current study thus developed suitable microcarriers, AG10, for in vitro HUMSCs expansion with well reserve of cell multipotency, and also provided a manufacturing and surface manipulating strategy of precise production and fine regulation of microcarrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiling Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiqian Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenjing An
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihua Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China..
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China..
| | - Lian Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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25
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Chen Z, Kheiri S, Young EWK, Kumacheva E. Trends in Droplet Microfluidics: From Droplet Generation to Biomedical Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6233-6248. [PMID: 35561292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, droplet microfluidics has attracted growing interest in biology, medicine, and engineering. In this feature article, we review the advances in droplet microfluidics, primarily focusing on the research conducted by our group. Starting from the introduction to the mechanisms of microfluidic droplet formation and the strategies for cell encapsulation in droplets, we then focus on droplet transformation into microgels. Furthermore, we review three biomedical applications of droplet microfluidics, that is, 3D cell culture, single-cell analysis, and in vitro organ and disease modeling. We conclude with our perspective on future directions in the development of droplet microfluidics for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Sina Kheiri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Roseburgh Building, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Roseburgh Building, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
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26
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Özkale B, Lou J, Özelçi E, Elosegui-Artola A, Tringides CM, Mao AS, Sakar MS, Mooney DJ. Actuated 3D microgels for single cell mechanobiology. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1962-1970. [PMID: 35437554 PMCID: PMC10116575 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a new cell culture technology for large-scale mechanobiology studies capable of generating and applying optically controlled uniform compression on single cells in 3D. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are individually encapsulated inside an optically triggered nanoactuator-alginate hybrid biomaterial using microfluidics, and the encapsulating network isotropically compresses the cell upon activation by light. The favorable biomolecular properties of alginate allow cell culture in vitro up to a week. The mechanically active microgels are capable of generating up to 15% compressive strain and forces reaching 400 nN. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the use of the mechanically active cell culture system in mechanobiology by subjecting singly encapsulated MSCs to optically generated isotropic compression and monitoring changes in intracellular calcium intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Özkale
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Junzhe Lou
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ece Özelçi
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christina M Tringides
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Angelo S Mao
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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27
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Moya-Ramírez I, Kotidis P, Marbiah M, Kim J, Kontoravdi C, Polizzi K. Polymer Encapsulation of Bacterial Biosensors Enables Coculture with Mammalian Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1303-1312. [PMID: 35245022 PMCID: PMC9007569 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coexistence of different populations of cells and isolation of tasks can provide enhanced robustness and adaptability or impart new functionalities to a culture. However, generating stable cocultures involving cells with vastly different growth rates can be challenging. To address this, we developed living analytics in a multilayer polymer shell (LAMPS), an encapsulation method that facilitates the coculture of mammalian and bacterial cells. We leverage LAMPS to preprogram a separation of tasks within the coculture: growth and therapeutic protein production by the mammalian cells and l-lactate biosensing by Escherichia coli encapsulated within LAMPS. LAMPS enable the formation of a synthetic bacterial-mammalian cell interaction that enables a living biosensor to be integrated into a biomanufacturing process. Our work serves as a proof-of-concept for further applications in bioprocessing since LAMPS combine the simplicity and flexibility of a bacterial biosensor with a viable method to prevent runaway growth that would disturb mammalian cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moya-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlos Kotidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Masue Marbiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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28
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Mao X, Wang M, Jin S, Rao J, Deng R, Zhu J. Monodispersed polymer particles with tunable surface structures: Droplet
microfluidic‐assisted
fabrication and biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan China
| | - Mian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan China
| | - Shaohong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan China
| | - Jingyi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan China
| | - Renhua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan China
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29
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Mohajeri M, Eskandari M, Ghazali ZS, Ghazali HS. Cell encapsulation in alginate-based microgels using droplet microfluidics; a review on gelation methods and applications. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35073537 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac4e2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within the microspheres using a semi-permeable polymer allows the two-way transfer of molecules such as oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. The main advantages of cell encapsulation technology include controlling the problems involved in transplanting rejection in tissue engineering applications and reducing the long-term need for immunosuppressive drugs following organ transplantation to eliminate the side effects. Cell-laden microgels can also be used in 3D cell cultures, wound healing, and cancerous clusters for drug testing. Since cell encapsulation is used for different purposes, several techniques have been developed to encapsulate cells. Droplet-based microfluidics is one of the most valuable techniques in cell encapsulating. This study aimed to review the geometries and the mechanisms proposed in microfluidic systems to precisely control cell-laden microgels production with different biopolymers. We also focused on alginate gelation techniques due to their essential role in cell encapsulation applications. Finally, some applications of these microgels and researches will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Zahra Sadat Ghazali
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hanieh Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Aleahmad-Tehran-Iran, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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30
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Liu D, Sun M, Zhang J, Hu R, Fu W, Xuanyuan T, Liu W. Single-cell droplet microfluidics for biomedical applications. Analyst 2022; 147:2294-2316. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the fundamentals of single-cell droplet microfluidics and its applications in biomedicine, providing insights into design and establishment of single-cell microsystems and their further performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenzhu Fu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tingting Xuanyuan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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31
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Nazari H, Heirani-Tabasi A, Ghorbani S, Eyni H, Razavi Bazaz S, Khayati M, Gheidari F, Moradpour K, Kehtari M, Ahmadi Tafti SM, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Microfluidic-Based Droplets for Advanced Regenerative Medicine: Current Challenges and Future Trends. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 35049648 PMCID: PMC8773546 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is a promising approach for the facile and large-scale fabrication of monodispersed droplets for various applications in biomedicine. This technology has demonstrated great potential to address the limitations of regenerative medicine. Microfluidics provides safe, accurate, reliable, and cost-effective methods for encapsulating different stem cells, gametes, biomaterials, biomolecules, reagents, genes, and nanoparticles inside picoliter-sized droplets or droplet-derived microgels for different applications. Moreover, microenvironments made using such droplets can mimic niches of stem cells for cell therapy purposes, simulate native extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue engineering applications, and remove challenges in cell encapsulation and three-dimensional (3D) culture methods. The fabrication of droplets using microfluidics also provides controllable microenvironments for manipulating gametes, fertilization, and embryo cultures for reproductive medicine. This review focuses on the relevant studies, and the latest progress in applying droplets in stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, reproductive biology, and gene therapy are separately evaluated. In the end, we discuss the challenges ahead in the field of microfluidics-based droplets for advanced regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.N.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran; (A.H.-T.); (S.H.A.T.)
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghorbani
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Hossein Eyni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.N.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Maryam Khayati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45371, Iran;
| | - Fatemeh Gheidari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tehran, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Keyvan Moradpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Tafti
- Colorectal Surgery Research Center, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran; (A.H.-T.); (S.H.A.T.)
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.N.); (S.R.B.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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32
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Zheng Y, Wu Z, Lin L, Zheng X, Hou Y, Lin JM. Microfluidic droplet-based functional materials for cell manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4311-4329. [PMID: 34668510 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional materials from the microfluidic-based droplet community are emerging as enabling tools for various applications in tissue engineering and cell biology. The innovative micro- and nano-scale materials with diverse sizes, shapes and components can be fabricated without the use of complicated devices, allowing unprecedented control over the cells that interact with them. Here, we review the current development of microfluidic-based droplet techniques for creation of functional materials (i.e., liquid droplet, microcapsule, and microparticle). We also describe their various applications for manipulating cell fate and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zengnan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ying Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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33
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Han X, Zhang Y, Tian J, Wu T, Li Z, Xing F, Fu S. Polymer‐based microfluidic devices: A comprehensive review on preparation and applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Jingkun Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Tiange Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Zongwen Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Shenggui Fu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
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34
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Malekmohammadi S, Sedghi Aminabad N, Sabzi A, Zarebkohan A, Razavi M, Vosough M, Bodaghi M, Maleki H. Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1537. [PMID: 34829766 PMCID: PMC8615087 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels have drawn tremendous attention for their varied applications, mainly in the biomedical field. These hydrogels are derived from different natural and synthetic polymers but are also composite with various organic and nano-organic fillers. The basic functions of smart hydrogels rely on their ability to change behavior; functions include mechanical, swelling, shaping, hydrophilicity, and bioactivity in response to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, magnetic field, electromagnetic radiation, and biological molecules. Depending on the final applications, smart hydrogels can be processed in different geometries and modalities to meet the complicated situations in biological media, namely, injectable hydrogels (following the sol-gel transition), colloidal nano and microgels, and three dimensional (3D) printed gel constructs. In recent decades smart hydrogels have opened a new horizon for scientists to fabricate biomimetic customized biomaterials for tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, soft robotic actuators, and controlled release of bioactive substances/drugs. Remarkably, 4D bioprinting, a newly emerged technology/concept, aims to rationally design 3D patterned biological matrices from synthesized hydrogel-based inks with the ability to change structure under stimuli. This technology has enlarged the applicability of engineered smart hydrogels and hydrogel composites in biomedical fields. This paper aims to review stimuli-responsive hydrogels according to the kinds of external changes and t recent applications in biomedical and 4D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Malekmohammadi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran;
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran;
| | - Negar Sedghi Aminabad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran; (N.S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Amin Sabzi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran; (N.S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran;
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran; (N.S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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35
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Eqbal MD, Naaz F, Sharma K, Gundabala V. Microfluidics-based generation of cell encapsulated microbeads in the presence of electric fields and spatio-temporal viability studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112065. [PMID: 34478958 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics based techniques for generation of cell-laden microbeads are emerging as an attractive route to 3D cell encapsulation due to the precise control provided by microfluidics. However, existing microfluidics based cell encapsulation methods are restricted to 2D planar devices and use of passive methods for droplet generation. In this work, we report the development of a 3D glass-PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) hybrid device for complete on-chip generation of cell-laden alginate beads in the presence of electric fields. The 3D hybrid device allows application of electric fields for active control of droplet (sodium alginate) size without the need for electrode patterning or liquid electrodes. Chemical gelation is achieved through on-chip coalescence of sodium alginate droplets and calcium chloride plugs, generated using coflow and T-junction geometries respectively. Using this approach, we successfully encapsulate E. coli cells (with viability ∼90 %) into alginate microbeads and perform comprehensive spatio-temporal growth and viability studies. The active control of droplet size coupled with complete on-chip gelation demonstrated here is a promising technology for cell encapsulation with applications such as cell therapy, organ repair, biocatalysis, and microbial fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Danish Eqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Farha Naaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Kajal Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Venkat Gundabala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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36
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Wu J, Yadavali S, Lee D, Issadore DA. Scaling up the throughput of microfluidic droplet-based materials synthesis: A review of recent progress and outlook. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031304. [PMID: 34484549 PMCID: PMC8293697 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the development of microfluidic chips that generate micrometer- and nanometer-scale materials. These chips allow precise control over composition, structure, and particle uniformity not achievable using conventional methods. These microfluidic-generated materials have demonstrated enormous potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, food processing, acoustic, and optical meta-materials, and more. However, because the basis of these chips' performance is their precise control of fluid flows at the micrometer scale, their operation is limited to the inherently low throughputs dictated by the physics of multiphasic flows in micro-channels. This limitation on throughput results in material production rates that are too low for most practical applications. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made to tackle this challenge by designing microchip architectures that incorporate multiple microfluidic devices onto single chips. These devices can be operated in parallel to increase throughput while retaining the benefits of microfluidic particle generation. In this review, we will highlight recent work in this area and share our perspective on the key unsolved challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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37
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Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
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38
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Lee H, Kim N, Rheem HB, Kim BJ, Park JH, Choi IS. A Decade of Advances in Single-Cell Nanocoating for Mammalian Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100347. [PMID: 33890422 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strategic advances in the single-cell nanocoating of mammalian cells have noticeably been made during the last decade, and many potential applications have been demonstrated. Various cell-coating strategies have been proposed via adaptation of reported methods in the surface sciences and/or materials identification that ensure the sustainability of labile mammalian cells during chemical manipulation. Here an overview of the methodological development and potential applications to the healthcare sector in the nanocoating of mammalian cells made during the last decade is provided. The materials used for the nanocoating are categorized into polymers, hydrogels, polyphenolic compounds, nanoparticles, and minerals, and the corresponding strategies are described under the given set of materials. It also suggests, as a future direction, the creation of the cytospace system that is hierarchically composed of the physically separated but mutually interacting cellular hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojae Lee
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Hyeong Bin Rheem
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry University of Ulsan Ulsan 44610 Korea
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Department of Science Education Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Insung S. Choi
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
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39
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Kim M, Kim H, Lee YS, Lee S, Kim SE, Lee UJ, Jung S, Park CG, Hong J, Doh J, Lee DY, Kim BG, Hwang NS. Novel enzymatic cross-linking-based hydrogel nanofilm caging system on pancreatic β cell spheroid for long-term blood glucose regulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/26/eabf7832. [PMID: 34162541 PMCID: PMC8221614 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell therapy for type 1 diabetes is limited by low cell survival rate owing to physical stress and aggressive host immune response. In this study, we demonstrate a multilayer hydrogel nanofilm caging strategy capable of protecting cells from high shear stress and reducing immune response by interfering cell-cell interaction. Hydrogel nanofilm is fabricated by monophenol-modified glycol chitosan and hyaluronic acid that cross-link each other to form a nanothin hydrogel film on the cell surface via tyrosinase-mediated reactions. Furthermore, hydrogel nanofilm formation was conducted on mouse β cell spheroids for the islet transplantation application. The cytoprotective effect against physical stress and the immune protective effect were evaluated. Last, caged mouse β cell spheroids were transplanted into the type 1 diabetes mouse model and successfully regulated its blood glucose level. Overall, our enzymatic cross-linking-based hydrogel nanofilm caging method will provide a new platform for clinical applications of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk-Jae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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40
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Ahmed H, Stokke BT. Fabrication of monodisperse alginate microgel beads by microfluidic picoinjection: a chelate free approach. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2232-2243. [PMID: 33903873 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micron-sized alginate hydrogel beads are extensively employed as an encapsulation medium for biochemical and biomedical applications. Here we report on the microfluidic assisted fabrication of calcium alginate (Ca-alginate) beads by on-chip picoinjection of aqueous calcium chloride (CaCl2) in emulsified aqueous sodium alginate (Na-alginate) droplets or by picoinjection of Na-alginate solution in emulsified aqueous CaCl2 droplets. There is no added chelator to reduce the Ca activity in either of the two strategies. The two fabrication strategies are implemented using a flow-focusing and picoinjection modules in a single PDMS chip. Aqueous alginate solution was emulsified and infused with CaCl2 solution as the squeezed droplet pass the picoinjection channel; consequently, monodisperse, spherical, and structurally homogeneous Ca-alginate beads were obtained. Monodisperse alginate microgel populations with a mean diameter in the range of 8 to 28 μm and standard deviation less than 1 μm were successfully generated using microfluidic channels with various dimensions and controlling the flow parameters. Monodisperse but also non-spherical particles with diameters 6 to 15 μm were also fabricated when picoinjecting Na-alginate solution in emulsified aqueous CaCl2 droplets. The Ca-alginate microbeads fabricated with tailormade size in the range from sub-cellular and upwards were in both strategies realized without any use of chelators or change in pH conditions, which is considered a significant advantage for further exploitation as encapsulation process for improved enzymatic activity and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husnain Ahmed
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Dept. of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Dept. of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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41
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Puertas-Bartolomé M, Mora-Boza A, García-Fernández L. Emerging Biofabrication Techniques: A Review on Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1209. [PMID: 33918049 PMCID: PMC8069319 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have been widely used for biomedical applications in recent decades. They offer the advantages of resembling the extracellular matrix of native tissues and retaining biochemical cues and properties necessary to enhance their biocompatibility, so they usually improve the cellular attachment and behavior and avoid immunological reactions. Moreover, they offer a rapid degradability through natural enzymatic or chemical processes. However, natural polymers present poor mechanical strength, which frequently makes the manipulation processes difficult. Recent advances in biofabrication, 3D printing, microfluidics, and cell-electrospinning allow the manufacturing of complex natural polymer matrixes with biophysical and structural properties similar to those of the extracellular matrix. In addition, these techniques offer the possibility of incorporating different cell lines into the fabrication process, a revolutionary strategy broadly explored in recent years to produce cell-laden scaffolds that can better mimic the properties of functional tissues. In this review, the use of 3D printing, microfluidics, and electrospinning approaches has been extensively investigated for the biofabrication of naturally derived polymer scaffolds with encapsulated cells intended for biomedical applications (e.g., cell therapies, bone and dental grafts, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, and wound healing).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Puertas-Bartolomé
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ana Mora-Boza
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, 2310 IBB Building, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Fernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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42
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Fornell A, Pohlit H, Shi Q, Tenje M. Acoustic focusing of beads and cells in hydrogel droplets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7479. [PMID: 33820916 PMCID: PMC8021569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of hydrogel droplets using droplet microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool with many applications in biology and medicine. Here, a microfluidic system to control the position of particles (beads or astrocyte cells) in hydrogel droplets using bulk acoustic standing waves is presented. The chip consisted of a droplet generator and a 380 µm wide acoustic focusing channel. Droplets comprising hydrogel precursor solution (polyethylene glycol tetraacrylate or a combination of polyethylene glycol tetraacrylate and gelatine methacrylate), photoinitiator and particles were generated. The droplets passed along the acoustic focusing channel where a half wavelength acoustic standing wave field was generated, and the particles were focused to the centre line of the droplets (i.e. the pressure nodal line) by the acoustic force. The droplets were cross-linked by exposure to UV-light, freezing the particles in their positions. With the acoustics applied, 89 ± 19% of the particles (polystyrene beads, 10 µm diameter) were positioned in an area ± 10% from the centre line. As proof-of-principle for biological particles, astrocytes were focused in hydrogel droplets using the same principle. The viability of the astrocytes after 7 days in culture was 72 ± 22% when exposed to the acoustic focusing compared with 70 ± 19% for samples not exposed to the acoustic focusing. This technology provides a platform to control the spatial position of bioparticles in hydrogel droplets, and opens up for the generation of more complex biological hydrogel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fornell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.,MAXIV Laboratory, Lund University, 22484, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Tenje
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
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43
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Prakash R, Ghosh S. Effect of Bend Wettability on Hydrodynamics of Liquid–Liquid Two-phase Flow in Serpentine Mini Geometry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sumana Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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44
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Saska S, Pilatti L, Blay A, Shibli JA. Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:563. [PMID: 33668617 PMCID: PMC7918883 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool in the production of complexes structures with specific shapes for tissue engineering. Differently from native tissues, the printed structures are static and do not transform their shape in response to different environment changes. Stimuli-responsive biocompatible materials have emerged in the biomedical field due to the ability of responding to other stimuli (physical, chemical, and/or biological), resulting in microstructures modifications. Four-dimensional (4D) printing arises as a new technology that implements dynamic improvements in printed structures using smart materials (stimuli-responsive materials) and/or cells. These dynamic scaffolds enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels are the most promising material for 4D bio-fabrication because they produce a biocompatible and bioresorbable 3D shape environment similar to the extracellular matrix and allow deposition of cells on the scaffold surface as well as in the inside. Subsequently, this review presents different bioresorbable advanced polymers and discusses its use in 4D printing for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybele Saska
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Livia Pilatti
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Blay
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Sao Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
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Student S, Milewska M, Ostrowski Z, Gut K, Wandzik I. Microchamber microfluidics combined with thermogellable glycomicrogels – Platform for single cells study in an artificial cellular microenvironment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Shi Y, Cai Y, Cao Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. Recent advances in microfluidic technology and applications for anti-cancer drug screening. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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47
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Shao F, Yu L, Zhang Y, An C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Wang H. Microfluidic Encapsulation of Single Cells by Alginate Microgels Using a Trigger-Gellified Strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:583065. [PMID: 33154965 PMCID: PMC7591722 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.583065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics-based alginate microgels have shown great potential to encapsulate cells in a high-throughput and controllable manner. However, cell viability and biological functions are substantially compromised due to the harsh conditions for gelation, which remains a major challenge for cell encapsulation. Herein, we presented an efficient and biocompatible method by on-chip triggered gelation to generate microfluidic alginate microgels for single-cell encapsulation. Two calcium complexes of calcium–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ca-EDTA) and calcium–nitrilotriacetic (Ca-NTA) as crosslinkers for triggered gelation of alginate were compared and investigated for feasible application. By triggered release of Ca2+ ions from the calcium complex via adding acetic acid in the oil phase, the alginate precursor in the aqueous droplets can be crosslinked to form alginate microgels. Although using Ca-EDTA and Ca-NTA both achieved on-chip gelation, Ca-NTA led to significantly higher cell viability since the dissociation of Ca2+ ions from Ca-NTA can be obtained using less concentration of acid compared to Ca-EDTA. We further demonstrated the functionality of encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in alginate microgels prepared using Ca-NTA, as evidenced by the osteogenesis of encapsulated MSCs upon inductive culture. In summary, our study provided a biocompatible strategy to prepare alginate microgels for single-cell encapsulation which can be further used for applications in tissue engineering and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shao
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanfeng An
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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48
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Ling SD, Geng Y, Chen A, Du Y, Xu J. Enhanced single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic devices: From droplet generation to single-cell analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061508. [PMID: 33381250 PMCID: PMC7758092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis to investigate cellular heterogeneity and cell-to-cell interactions is a crucial compartment to answer key questions in important biological mechanisms. Droplet-based microfluidics appears to be the ideal platform for such a purpose because the compartmentalization of single cells into microdroplets offers unique advantages of enhancing assay sensitivity, protecting cells against external stresses, allowing versatile and precise manipulations over tested samples, and providing a stable microenvironment for long-term cell proliferation and observation. The present Review aims to give a preliminary guidance for researchers from different backgrounds to explore the field of single-cell encapsulation and analysis. A comprehensive and introductory overview of the droplet formation mechanism, fabrication methods of microchips, and a myriad of passive and active encapsulation techniques to enhance single-cell encapsulation efficiency were presented. Meanwhile, common methods for single-cell analysis, especially for long-term cell proliferation, differentiation, and observation inside microcapsules, are briefly introduced. Finally, the major challenges faced in the field are illustrated, and potential prospects for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Da Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhao Geng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - An Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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49
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Oral delivery of bacteria: Basic principles and biomedical applications. J Control Release 2020; 327:801-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Kupikowska-Stobba B, Lewińska D. Polymer microcapsules and microbeads as cell carriers for in vivo biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1536-1574. [PMID: 32110789 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer microcarriers are being extensively explored as cell delivery vehicles in cell-based therapies and hybrid tissue and organ engineering. Spherical microcarriers are of particular interest due to easy fabrication and injectability. They include microbeads, composed of a porous matrix, and microcapsules, where matrix core is additionally covered with a semipermeable membrane. Microcarriers provide cell containment at implantation site and protect the cells from host immunoresponse, degradation and shear stress. Immobilized cells may be genetically altered to release a specific therapeutic product directly at the target site, eliminating side effects of systemic therapies. Cell microcarriers need to fulfil a number of extremely high standards regarding their biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, immunoisolating capacity, transport, mechanical and chemical properties. To obtain cell microcarriers of specified parameters, a wide variety of polymers, both natural and synthetic, and immobilization methods can be applied. Yet so far, only a few approaches based on cell-laden microcarriers have reached clinical trials. The main issue that still impedes progress of these systems towards clinical application is limited cell survival in vivo. Herein, we review polymer biomaterials and methods used for fabrication of cell microcarriers for in vivo biomedical applications. We describe their key limitations and modifications aiming at improvement of microcarrier in vivo performance. We also present the main applications of polymer cell microcarriers in regenerative medicine, pancreatic islet and hepatocyte transplantation and in the treatment of cancer. Lastly, we outline the main challenges in cell microimmobilization for biomedical purposes, the strategies to overcome these issues and potential future improvements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lewińska
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
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