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Liu B, Ma S. Precise synthesis of graphene by chemical vapor deposition. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4407-4433. [PMID: 38291992 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Graphene, a typical representative of the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, possesses a series of phenomenal physical properties. To date, numerous inspiring discoveries have been made on its structures, properties, characterization, synthesis, transfer and applications. The real practical applications of this magic material indeed require large-scale synthesis and precise control over its structures, such as size, crystallinity, layer number, stacking order, edge type and contamination levels. Nonetheless, studies on the precise synthesis of graphene are far from satisfactory currently. Our review aims to deal with the precise synthesis of four critical graphene structures, including single-crystal graphene (SCG), AB-stacked bilayer graphene (AB-BLG), etched graphene and clean graphene. Meanwhile, existing problems and future directions in the precise synthesis of graphene are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China.
| | - Siguang Ma
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China.
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2
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Li M, Yin B, Gao C, Guo J, Zhao C, Jia C, Guo X. Graphene: Preparation, tailoring, and modification. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210233. [PMID: 37323621 PMCID: PMC10190957 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material with fruitful electrical properties, which can be efficiently prepared, tailored, and modified for a variety of applications, particularly in the field of optoelectronic devices thanks to its planar hexagonal lattice structure. To date, graphene has been prepared using a variety of bottom-up growth and top-down exfoliation techniques. To prepare high-quality graphene with high yield, a variety of physical exfoliation methods, such as mechanical exfoliation, anode bonding exfoliation, and metal-assisted exfoliation, have been developed. To adjust the properties of graphene, different tailoring processes have been emerged to precisely pattern graphene, such as gas etching and electron beam lithography. Due to the differences in reactivity and thermal stability of different regions, anisotropic tailoring of graphene can be achieved by using gases as the etchant. To meet practical requirements, further chemical functionalization at the edge and basal plane of graphene has been extensively utilized to modify its properties. The integration and application of graphene devices is facilitated by the combination of graphene preparation, tailoring, and modification. This review focuses on several important strategies for graphene preparation, tailoring, and modification that have recently been developed, providing a foundation for its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bing Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Guo
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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3
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Yang X, Zhao X, Liu T, Yang F. Precise Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and
One‐Dimensional
Hybrids from Templates
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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Chen H, Qin Z, He M, Liu Y, Wu Z. Application of Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy (EC-AFM) in the Corrosion Study of Metallic Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030668. [PMID: 32028601 PMCID: PMC7041398 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), a branch of a scanning probe microscopy (SPM), can image substrate topography with high resolution. Since its inception, it was extended to a wide range of research areas through continuous improvement. The presence of an electrolytic cell and a potentiostat makes it possible to observe the topographical changes of the sample surface in real time. EC-AFM is used in in situ corrosion research because the samples are not required to be electrically conductive. It is widely used in passive film properties, surface dissolution, early-stage corrosion initiation, inhibitor efficiency, and many other branches of corrosion science. This review provides the research progress of EC-AFM and summarizes the extensive applications and investigations using EC-AFM in corrosion science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Zhenbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Meifeng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yichun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
| | - Zhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (Z.W.)
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5
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Thomsen JD, Kling J, Mackenzie DMA, Bøggild P, Booth TJ. Oxidation of Suspended Graphene: Etch Dynamics and Stability Beyond 1000 °C. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2281-2288. [PMID: 30625274 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the oxidation of clean suspended mono- and few-layer graphene in real time by in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy. At an oxygen pressure below 0.1 mbar, we observe anisotropic oxidation in which armchair-oriented hexagonal holes are formed with a sharp edge roughness below 1 nm. At a higher pressure, we observe an increasingly isotropic oxidation, eventually leading to irregular holes at a pressure of 6 mbar. In addition, we find that few-layer flakes are stable against oxidation at temperatures up to at least 1000 °C in the absence of impurities and electron-beam-induced defects. These findings show, first, that the oxidation behavior of mono- and few-layer graphene depends critically on the intrinsic roughness, cleanliness and any imposed roughness or additional reactivity from a supporting substrate and, second, that the activation energy for oxidation of pristine suspended few-layer graphene is up to 43% higher than previously reported for graphite. In addition, we have developed a cleaning scheme that results in the near-complete removal of hydrocarbon residues over the entire visible sample area. These results have implications for applications of graphene where edge roughness can critically affect the performance of devices and more generally highlight the surprising (meta)stability of the basal plane of suspended bilayer and thicker graphene toward oxidative environments at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Dahl Thomsen
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Jens Kling
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - David M A Mackenzie
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Timothy J Booth
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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6
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Melinte G, Moldovan S, Hirlimann C, Baaziz W, Bégin-Colin S, Pham-Huu C, Ersen O. Catalytic Nanopatterning of Few-Layer Graphene. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgian Melinte
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, 23, rue du Lœss, 67037 cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie,
l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7515 CNRS, ECPM, 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 cedex 8, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Institute for Advanced Studies
(USIAS), 5 Allée
Gen Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Simona Moldovan
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, 23, rue du Lœss, 67037 cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
- Groupe
de Physique des Matériaux (GPM) UMR CNRS 6634, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, Avenue de l’Université - BP12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Charles Hirlimann
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, 23, rue du Lœss, 67037 cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
| | - Walid Baaziz
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, 23, rue du Lœss, 67037 cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie,
l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7515 CNRS, ECPM, 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 cedex 8, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, 23, rue du Lœss, 67037 cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie,
l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7515 CNRS, ECPM, 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 cedex 8, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, 23, rue du Lœss, 67037 cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Institute for Advanced Studies
(USIAS), 5 Allée
Gen Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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Jiang J, Li Y, Gao C, Kim ND, Fan X, Wang G, Peng Z, Hauge RH, Tour JM. Growing Carbon Nanotubes from Both Sides of Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7356-7362. [PMID: 26905859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of hybrid structures between graphene and carbon nanotubes is an intriguing topic in the field of carbon nanomaterials. Here the synthesis of vertically aligned CNT carpets underneath graphene and from both sides of graphene is described with continuous ordering over a large area. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopic characterizations show that CNT carpets grow underneath graphene through a base-growth mechanism, and grow on top of graphene through a tip-growth mechanism. Good electrical contact is observed from the top CNT carpets, through the graphene layer, to the bottom CNT carpets. This sandwich-like CNT/graphene/CNT hybrid structure could provide an approach to design and fabricate multilayered graphene/CNTs materials, as well as potential applications in the fields of nanomanufacturing and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Jiang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology , Lanzhou 730050, Gansu China
| | | | - Caitian Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, Gansu China
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Papon R, Sharma S, Shinde SM, Thangaraja A, Kalita G, Tanemura M. Formation of graphene nanoribbons and Y-junctions by hydrogen induced anisotropic etching. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Demonstrated formation of nanoribbons, and Y-junctions structures with controllable hydrogen-induced anisotropic etching of graphene. The distinct graphene edges of individual ribbon created 120° to form a Y-shape structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Papon
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Subash Sharma
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Sachin M. Shinde
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Amutha Thangaraja
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Golap Kalita
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
- Center for Fostering Young and Innovative Researchers
| | - Masaki Tanemura
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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