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Braun F, Wagner MFP, Toimil-Molares ME, von Klitzing R. Comparison of Different Preparation Techniques of Thermophoretic Swimmers and Their Propulsion Velocity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5606-5616. [PMID: 38501265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The motion of partly gold (Au)-coated Janus particles under laser irradiation is caused by self-thermophoresis. Despite numerous studies addressing this topic, the impact of the preparation method and the degree of coverage of the particle with Au on the resulting thermophoretic velocity has not yet been fully understood. A detailed understanding of the most important tuning parameters during the preparation process is crucial to design Janus particles that are optimized for Au coverage to receive a high thermophoretic velocity. In this study, we explore the influence of the fabrication process, which changes the Au cap size, on the resulting self-propulsion behavior of partly Au-coated polystyrene particles (Au-PS). Additionally, the impact of an underlying adhesion chromium layer is investigated. In addition to the most commonly used qualitative SEM and EDX measurements, we propose a novel and fast technique utilizing AFM studies to quantify the cap size. This non-invasive technique can be used to determine both the size and the maximum thickness of the Au cap. The Au cap size was systematically varied in a range between about 36 and 74% by different preparation strategies. Nevertheless, we showed that the differing Au cap sizes of the Janus particles in this range have no obvious effect on the thermophoretic velocity. This is a surprising result since one would expect an effect of the Au cap size due to different solvent flows around the Janus particles and is attributed to an additional torque near the surface of the measuring cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Braun
- Soft Matter at Interfaces, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Regine von Klitzing
- Soft Matter at Interfaces, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Chen C, Zhang L, Wang N, Sun D, Yang Z. Janus Composite Particles and Interfacial Catalysis Thereby. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300280. [PMID: 37335979 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Janus composite particles (JPs) with distinct compartmentalization of varied components thus performances and anisotropic shape display a variety of properties and have demonstrated great potentials in diversify practical applications. Especially, the catalytic JPs are advantageous for multi-phase catalysis with much easier separation of products and recycling the catalysts. In the first section of this review, typical methods to synthesize the JPs with varied morphologies are briefly surveyed in the category of polymeric, inorganic and polymer/inorganic composite. In the main section, recent progresses of the JPs in emulsion interfacial catalysis are summarized covering organic synthesis, hydrogenation, dye degradation, and environmental chemistry. The review will end by calling more efforts toward precision synthesis of catalytic JPs at large scale to meet the stringent requirements in practical applications such as catalytic diagnosis and therapy by the functional JPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Dayin Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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3
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Mayer DB, Franosch T, Mast C, Braun D. Thermophoresis beyond Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:168202. [PMID: 37154655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.168202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We measure the thermophoresis of polysterene beads over a wide range of temperature gradients and find a pronounced nonlinear phoretic characteristic. The transition to the nonlinear behavior is marked by a drastic slowing down of thermophoretic motion and is characterized by a Péclet number of order unity as corroborated for different particle sizes and salt concentrations. The data follow a single master curve covering the entire nonlinear regime for all system parameters upon proper rescaling of the temperature gradients with the Péclet number. For low thermal gradients, the thermal drift velocity follows a theoretical linear model relying on the local-equilibrium assumption, while linear theoretical approaches based on hydrodynamic stresses, ignoring fluctuations, predict significantly slower thermophoretic motion for steeper thermal gradients. Our findings suggest that thermophoresis is fluctuation dominated for small gradients and crosses over to a drift-dominated regime for larger Péclet numbers in striking contrast to electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Mayer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christof Mast
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Dieter Braun
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, D-80799 München, Germany
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4
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Noh W, Jo S, Kim J, Lee TS. Visible-Light-Driven Asymmetric TiO 2-Based Photocatalytic Micromotor Hybridized with a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Glucose Oxidase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6301-6310. [PMID: 33982566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a TiO2-based micromotor that was asymmetrically decorated with a water-soluble conjugated polymer (WSP) on one hemisphere and glucose oxidase (GOx) on the opposite hemisphere. The WSP, which had photocatalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition, enabled motion of the micromotor under visible light. The GOx on the other hemisphere of the micromotor decomposed glucose to produce H2O2 and enabled motion of the micromotor without light irradiation. In addition, WSP and GOx were attached to TiO2 by chemical bonds, providing stability during use. As a result, the micromotor could move by self-generating H2O2 for its own fuel by consuming glucose even without photoirradiation. The micromotor could move faster than without visible light irradiation through the synergistic decomposition of glucose and H2O2 under visible light by the diffusiophoretic mechanism with a speed of 7.49 μm/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Noh
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seonyoung Jo
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Juang Kim
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Taek Seung Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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5
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Abstract
The optical manipulation of tiny objects is significant to understand and to explore the unknown in the microworld, which has found many applications in materials science and life science. Physically speaking, these technologies arise from direct or indirect optomechanical coupling to convert incident optical energy to mechanical energy of target objects, while their efficiency and functionalities are determined by the coupling behavior. Traditional optical tweezers stem from direct light-to-matter momentum transfer, and the generation of an optical gradient force requires high optical power and rigorous optics. As a comparison, the opto-thermophoretic manipulation techniques proposed recently originate from high-efficiency opto-thermomechanical coupling and feature low optical power. Through rational design of the light-generated temperature gradient and exploring the mechanical response of diverse targets to the temperature gradient, a variety of opto-thermophoretic techniques were developed, which exhibit broad applicability to a wide range of target objects from colloid materials to biological cells to biomolecules. In this review, we will discuss the underlying mechanism of thermophoresis in different liquid environments, the cutting-edge technological innovation, and their applications in colloidal science and life science. We also provide a brief outlook on the existing challenges and anticipate their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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6
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Chen Z, Kollipara PS, Ding H, Pughazhendi A, Zheng Y. Liquid Optothermoelectrics: Fundamentals and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1315-1336. [PMID: 33410698 PMCID: PMC7856676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid thermoelectricity describes the redistribution of ions in an electrolytic solution under the influence of temperature gradients, which leads to the formation of electric fields. The thermoelectric field is effective in driving the thermophoretic migration of charged colloidal particles for versatile manipulation. However, traditional macroscopic thermoelectric fields are not suitable for particle manipulations at high spatial resolution. Inspired by optical tweezers and relevant optical manipulation techniques, we employ laser interaction with light-absorbing nanostructures to achieve subtle heat management on the micro- and nanoscales. The resulting thermoelectric fields are exploited to develop new optical technologies, leading to a research field known as liquid optothermoelectrics. This Invited Feature Article highlights our recent works on advancing fundamentals, technologies, and applications of optothermoelectrics in colloidal solutions. The effects of light irradiation, substrates, electrolytes, and particles on the optothermoelectric manipulations of colloidal particles along with their theoretical limitations are discussed in detail. Our optothermoelectric technologies with the versatile capabilities of trapping, manipulating, and pulling colloidal particles at low optical power are finding applications in microswimmers and nanoscience. With its intricate interfacial processes and tremendous technological promise, optothermoelectrics in colloidal solutions will remain relevant for the foreseeable future.
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Carbon nitride-based light-driven microswimmers with intrinsic photocharging ability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24748-24756. [PMID: 32958654 PMCID: PMC7547284 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007362117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling autonomous propulsion of microswimmers is essential for targeted drug delivery and applications of micro/nanomachines in environmental remediation and beyond. Herein, we report two-dimensional (2D) carbon nitride-based Janus particles as highly efficient, light-driven microswimmers in aqueous media. Due to the superior photocatalytic properties of poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), the microswimmers are activated by both visible and ultraviolet (UV) light in conjunction with different capping materials (Au, Pt, and SiO2) and fuels (H2O2 and alcohols). Assisted by photoelectrochemical analysis of the PHI surface photoreactions, we elucidate the dominantly diffusiophoretic propulsion mechanism and establish the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as the major surface reaction in ambient conditions on metal-capped PHI and even with TiO2-based systems, rather than the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is generally invoked as the source of propulsion under ambient conditions with alcohols as fuels. Making use of the intrinsic solar energy storage ability of PHI, we establish the concept of photocapacitive Janus microswimmers that can be charged by solar energy, thus enabling persistent light-induced propulsion even in the absence of illumination-a process we call "solar battery swimming"-lasting half an hour and possibly beyond. We anticipate that this propulsion scheme significantly extends the capabilities in targeted cargo/drug delivery, environmental remediation, and other potential applications of micro/nanomachines, where the use of versatile earth-abundant materials is a key prerequisite.
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de Graaf J, Samin S. Self-thermoelectrophoresis at low salinity. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7219-7236. [PMID: 31478044 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A locally heated Janus colloid can achieve motion in an electrolyte by an effect known as self-thermo(di)electrophoresis. We numerically study the self-propulsion of such a "hot swimmer" in a monovalent electrolyte using the finite-element method and analytic theory. The effect of electrostatic screening for intermediate and large Debye lengths is charted and we report on the fluid flow generated by self-thermoelectrophoresis. We obtain excellent agreement between our analytic theory and numerical calculations in the limit of high salinity, validating our approach. At low salt concentrations, we employ Teubner's integral formalism to arrive at expressions for the speed, which agree semi-quantitatively with our numerical results for conducting swimmers. This lends credibility to the remarkably high swim speed at very low ionic strength, which we numerically obtain for a fully insulating swimmer. We also report on hot swimmers with a mixed electrostatic boundary conditions. Our results should benefit the realization and analysis of further experiments on thermo(di)electrophoretic swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost de Graaf
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Maier CM, Huergo MA, Milosevic S, Pernpeintner C, Li M, Singh DP, Walker D, Fischer P, Feldmann J, Lohmüller T. Optical and Thermophoretic Control of Janus Nanopen Injection into Living Cells. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7935-7941. [PMID: 30468387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Devising strategies for the controlled injection of functional nanoparticles and reagents into living cells paves the way for novel applications in nanosurgery, sensing, and drug delivery. Here, we demonstrate the light-controlled guiding and injection of plasmonic Janus nanopens into living cells. The pens are made of a gold nanoparticle attached to a dielectric alumina shaft. Balancing optical and thermophoretic forces in an optical tweezer allows single Janus nanopens to be trapped and positioned on the surface of living cells. While the optical injection process involves strong heating of the plasmonic side, the temperature of the alumina stays significantly lower, thus allowing the functionalization with fluorescently labeled, single-stranded DNA and, hence, the spatially controlled injection of genetic material with an untethered nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Maier
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Maria Ana Huergo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET , Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Sara Milosevic
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Carla Pernpeintner
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Miao Li
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Dhruv P Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Debora Walker
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
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10
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Self-propulsion of aluminum particle-coated Janus droplet in alkaline solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:657-665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Gil M, Moon S, Yoon J, Rhamani S, Shin J, Lee KJ, Lahann J. Compartmentalized Microhelices Prepared via Electrohydrodynamic Cojetting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800024. [PMID: 29938185 PMCID: PMC6009775 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropically compartmentalized microparticles have attracted increasing interest in areas ranging from sensing, drug delivery, and catalysis to microactuators. Herein, a facile method is reported for the preparation of helically decorated microbuilding blocks, using a modified electrohydrodynamic cojetting method. Bicompartmental microfibers are twisted in situ, during electrojetting, resulting in helical microfibers. Subsequent cryosectioning of aligned fiber bundles provides access to helically decorated microcylinders. The unique helical structure endows the microfibers/microcylinders with several novel functions such as translational motion in response to rotating magnetic fields. Finally, microspheres with helically patterned compartments are obtained after interfacially driven shape shifting of helically decorated microcylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjae Gil
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Moon
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Yoon
- Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Sahar Rhamani
- Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Jae‐Won Shin
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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12
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Abstract
We theoretically study the molecular-weight dependence of DNA thermophoresis, which arises from mutual advection of the n repeat units of the molecular chain. As a main result we find that the dominant driving forces, i.e., the thermally induced permittivity gradient and the electrolyte Seebeck effect, result in characteristic hydrodynamic screening. In comparison with recent experimental data on single-stranded DNA (2 ≤ n ≤ 80), our theory provides a good description for the increase of the drift velocity up to n = 30; the slowing-down of longer molecules is well accounted for by a simple model for counterion condensation. It turns out that thermophoresis may change sign as a function of n: for an appropriate choice of the salt-specific Seebeck coefficient, short molecules move to the cold and long ones to the hot; this could be used for separating DNA by molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboubakry Ly
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux & CNRS, 33405 Talence, France.
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13
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Maheedhara RS, Jing H, Sachar HS, Das S. Highly enhanced liquid flows via thermoosmotic effects in soft and charged nanochannels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24300-24316. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a massively augmented thermoosmotic transport in nanochannels grafted with end-charged polyelectrolyte brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haoyuan Jing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | | | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
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14
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Gargiulo J, Brick T, Violi IL, Herrera FC, Shibanuma T, Albella P, Requejo FG, Cortés E, Maier SA, Stefani FD. Understanding and Reducing Photothermal Forces for the Fabrication of Au Nanoparticle Dimers by Optical Printing. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5747-5755. [PMID: 28806511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical printing holds great potential to enable the use of the vast variety of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) in nano- and microdevices and circuits. By means of optical forces, it enables the direct assembly of NPs, one by one, onto specific positions of solid surfaces with great flexibility of pattern design and no need of previous surface patterning. However, for unclear causes it was not possible to print identical NPs closer to each other than 300 nm. Here, we show that the repulsion restricting the optical printing of close by NPs arises from light absorption by the printed NPs and subsequent local heating. By optimizing heat dissipation, it is possible to reduce the minimum separation between NPs. Using a reduced graphene oxide layer on a sapphire substrate, we demonstrate for the first time the optical printing of Au-Au NP dimers. Modeling the experiments considering optical, thermophoretic, and thermo-osmotic forces we obtain a detailed understanding and a clear pathway for the optical printing fabrication of complex nano structures and circuits based on connected colloidal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gargiulo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thomas Brick
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ianina L Violi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo C Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Toshihiko Shibanuma
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Albella
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- University Institute for Intelligent Systems and Numerical Applications in Engineering (SIANI), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Félix G Requejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Güiraldes 2620, C1428EAH Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Rao Q, Si T, Wu Z, Xuan M, He Q. A Light-Activated Explosive Micropropeller. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4621. [PMID: 28676666 PMCID: PMC5496919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-propelled micro/nanomotors possess tremendous exciting promise in diverse fields. We describe an asymmetric, fuel-free and near-infrared light-powered torpedo micromotor, which is constructed by using a porous membrane-assisted layer-by-layer sol-gel method to form silica multilayer inside the pores, following by the deposition of gold nanoparticles on one end of the pores. In the absence of chemical fuels, the high propulsion of microtorpedoes under illumination of near-infrared light is owing to the photo-thermal effect of gold clusters, generating a thermal gradient inside the microtorpedoes. The speed of microtorpedoes is dependent on the laser powers and media. More interestingly, such fuel free-powered microtorpedoes could explode triggered by higher laser power at the predefined site and thus provide a new platform for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Yikuangjie 2, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tieyan Si
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Yikuangjie 2, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Yikuangjie 2, Harbin, 150080, China. .,Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Mingjun Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Yikuangjie 2, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Yikuangjie 2, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Zhang J, Zheng X, Cui H, Silber-Li Z. The Self-Propulsion of the Spherical Pt–SiO2 Janus Micro-Motor. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189969 DOI: 10.3390/mi8040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The double-faced Janus micro-motor, which utilizes the heterogeneity between its two hemispheres to generate self-propulsion, has shown great potential in water cleaning, drug delivery in micro/nanofluidics, and provision of power for a novel micro-robot. In this paper, we focus on the self-propulsion of a platinum–silica (Pt–SiO2) spherical Janus micro-motor (JM), which is one of the simplest micro-motors, suspended in a hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2). Due to the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 on the Pt side, the JM is propelled by the established concentration gradient known as diffusoiphoretic motion. Furthermore, as the JM size increases to O (10 μm), oxygen molecules nucleate on the Pt surface, forming microbubbles. In this case, a fast bubble propulsion is realized by the microbubble cavitation-induced jet flow. We systematically review the results of the above two distinct mechanisms: self-diffusiophoresis and microbubble propulsion. Their typical behaviors are demonstrated, based mainly on experimental observations. The theoretical description and the numerical approach are also introduced. We show that this tiny motor, though it has a very simple structure, relies on sophisticated physical principles and can be used to fulfill many novel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (J.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8254-3925
| | - Haihang Cui
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (J.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Zhanhua Silber-Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
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Yang M, Liu R, Ye F, Chen K. Mesoscale simulation of phoretically osmotic boundary conditions. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:647-657. [PMID: 27991635 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Boundary walls can drive the tangential flow of fluids by phoretic osmosis when exposed to a gradient field, including chemical, thermal or electric potential gradient. At the microscale, such boundary driving mechanisms become quite pronounced. Here, we propose a mesoscale strategy to simulate the phoretically osmotic boundaries, in which the microscopic fluid-wall interactions are coarse-grained into the bounce-back or specular reflection, and the phoretically osmotic force is generated by selectively reversing the tangential velocity of specific fluid particles near the boundary wall. With this scheme, the phoretically osmotic boundary can be realized with a minimal modification to the widely used mesoscopic no-slip/slip hydrodynamic boundary condition. Its implementation is quite efficient and the resulting phoretically osmotic flow is flexibly tunable. Its validity is verified by performing extensive mesoscale simulations for both the diffusioosmotic and thermoosmotic boundaries. In particular, we use the proposed scheme to investigate fluid transport driven by the phoretic osmosis in microfluidic systems and the effects of the diffusioosmosis on the dynamics of active catalytic colloidal particles. Our work thus offers new possibilities to study the phoretically osmotic effect in active complex fluids and microfluidic systems by simulation, where the gradient fields are ubiquitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Riu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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