1
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Hargreaves R, Duwé S, Rozario AM, Funston AM, Tabor RF, Dedecker P, Whelan DR, Bell TDM. Live-Cell SOFI Correlation with SMLM and AFM Imaging. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:261-269. [PMID: 37363082 PMCID: PMC10288496 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Standard optical imaging is diffraction-limited and lacks the resolving power to visualize many of the organelles and proteins found within the cell. The advent of super-resolution techniques overcame this barrier, enabling observation of subcellular structures down to tens of nanometers in size; however these techniques require or are typically applied to fixed samples. This raises the question of how well a fixed-cell image represents the system prior to fixation. Here we present the addition of live-cell Super-Resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (SOFI) to a previously reported correlative process using Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). SOFI was used with fluorescent proteins and low laser power to observe cellular ultrastructure in live COS-7 cells. SOFI-SMLM-AFM of microtubules showed minimal changes to the microtubule network in the 20 min between live-cell SOFI and fixation. Microtubule diameters were also analyzed through all microscopies; SOFI found diameters of 249 ± 68 nm and SMLM was 71 ± 33 nm. AFM height measurements found microtubules to protrude 26 ± 13 nm above the surrounding cellular material. The correlation of SMLM and AFM was extended to two-color SMLM to image both microtubules and actin. Two target SOFI was performed with various fluorescent protein combinations. rsGreen1-rsKAME, rsGreen1-Dronpa, and ffDronpaF-rsKAME fluorescent protein combinations were determined to be suitable for two target SOFI imaging. This correlative application of super-resolution live-cell and fixed-cell imaging revealed minimal artifacts created for the imaged target structures through the sample preparation procedure and emphasizes the power of correlative microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Duwé
- Advanced
Optical Microscopy Centre, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Ashley M. Rozario
- Department
of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo 3552, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison M. Funston
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rico F. Tabor
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter Dedecker
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Donna R. Whelan
- Department
of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo 3552, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toby D. M. Bell
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Torra J, Viela F, Megías D, Sot B, Flors C. Versatile Near‐Infrared Super‐Resolution Imaging of Amyloid Fibrils with the Fluorogenic Probe CRANAD‐2. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200026. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Torra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Felipe Viela
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit; Biotechnology Programme Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Begoña Sot
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia) Madrid 28049 Spain
- Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC-IMDEA) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Cristina Flors
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia) Madrid 28049 Spain
- Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC-IMDEA) Madrid 28049 Spain
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3
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Miranda A, Gómez-Varela AI, Stylianou A, Hirvonen LM, Sánchez H, De Beule PAA. How did correlative atomic force microscopy and super-resolution microscopy evolve in the quest for unravelling enigmas in biology? NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2082-2099. [PMID: 33346312 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the invention of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in 1986 and the subsequent developments in liquid imaging and cellular imaging it became possible to study the topography of cellular specimens under nearly physiological conditions with nanometric resolution. The application of AFM to biological research was further expanded with the technological advances in imaging modes where topographical data can be combined with nanomechanical measurements, offering the possibility to retrieve the biophysical properties of tissues, cells, fibrous components and biomolecules. Meanwhile, the quest for breaking the Abbe diffraction limit restricting microscopic resolution led to the development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques that brought the resolution of the light microscope comparable to the resolution obtained by AFM. The instrumental combination of AFM and optical microscopy techniques has evolved over the last decades from integration of AFM with bright-field and phase-contrast imaging techniques at first to correlative AFM and wide-field fluorescence systems and then further to the combination of AFM and fluorescence based super-resolution microscopy modalities. Motivated by the many developments made over the last decade, we provide here a review on AFM combined with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques and how they can be applied for expanding our understanding of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Miranda
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Gómez-Varela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal. and Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus and School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Liisa M Hirvonen
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Humberto Sánchez
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A A De Beule
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal.
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4
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Wang J, Wang Z, Xu Y, Wang X, Yang Z, Wang H, Tian Z. Correlative dual-alternating-color photoswitching fluorescence imaging and AFM enable ultrastructural analyses of complex structures with nanoscale resolution. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17203-17212. [PMID: 32789405 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04584e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a practical motivation for correlating different types of microscopy for revealing complementary information of ultrastructures with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. The correlative microscopy strategy based on the combination of super-resolution fluorescence imaging with atomic force microscopy (AFM) is expected to provide both the specificity and three-dimensional structural information of nanomaterials. Herein we synthesized a dual-alternating-color photoswitchable fluorescent probe based on a naphthalimide-spiropyran dyad (NI-SP) and explored the capability of such correlative microscopy for visualizing nanostructures with complex structural hierarchy. NI-SP underwent reversible photoswitching between green and red fluorescence based on a reversible photochemical reaction and such reaction-linked correlation between two distinct types of fluorescence signals intrinsically enabled mutual authentication in super-resolution fluorescence imaging. Additionally, such correlative microscopy also demonstrated mutual complementation between different pieces of structural information of the target acquired via fluorescence imaging and AFM, respectively, in which the former reveals spatial distribution of fluorescent dyes in the nanoscale polymer fibroid micelles while the latter maps the topographical structure of the target with complex structural hierarchy. The results obtained in this work proclaimed that the combination of such correlative microscopy with our NI-SP probe is an effective modality for ultrastructural analysis and has future applications in various complex systems such as tissue/organ imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Zicheng Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Yangyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China.
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5
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Hirvonen LM, Marsh RJ, Jones GE, Cox S. Combined AFM and super-resolution localisation microscopy: Investigating the structure and dynamics of podosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151106. [PMID: 33070038 PMCID: PMC7768945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are mechanosensitive attachment/invasion structures that form on the matrix-adhesion interface of cells and protrude into the extracellular matrix to probe and remodel. Despite their central role in many cellular processes, their exact molecular structure and function remain only partially understood. We review recent progress in molecular scale imaging of podosome architecture, including our newly developed localisation microscopy technique termed HAWK which enables artefact-free live-cell super-resolution microscopy of podosome ring proteins, and report new results on combining fluorescence localisation microscopy (STORM/PALM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on one setup, where localisation microscopy provides the location and dynamics of fluorescently labelled podosome components, while the spatial variation of stiffness is mapped with AFM. For two-colour localisation microscopy we combine iFluor-647, which has previously been shown to eliminate the need to change buffer between imaging modes, with the photoswitchable protein mEOS3.2, which also enables live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Hirvonen
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Richard J Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gareth E Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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6
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Simultaneous co-localized super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy: combined SIM and AFM platform for the life sciences. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1122. [PMID: 31980680 PMCID: PMC6981207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlating data from different microscopy techniques holds the potential to discover new facets of signaling events in cellular biology. Here we report for the first time a hardware set-up capable of achieving simultaneous co-localized imaging of spatially correlated far-field super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy, a feat only obtained until now by fluorescence microscopy set-ups with spatial resolution restricted by the Abbe diffraction limit. We detail system integration and demonstrate system performance using sub-resolution fluorescent beads and applied to a test sample consisting of human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cells, with plasma membrane transporter 1 (MCT1) tagged with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the N-terminal.
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7
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Bondia P, Torra J, Tone CM, Sawazaki T, del Valle A, Sot B, Nonell S, Kanai M, Sohma Y, Flors C. Nanoscale View of Amyloid Photodynamic Damage. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:922-930. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bondia
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Joaquim Torra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Caterina M. Tone
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Taka Sawazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Adrián del Valle
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Begoña Sot
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Youhei Sohma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Cristina Flors
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
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8
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Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy, or nanoscopy, revolutionized the field of cell biology, enabling researchers to visualize cellular structures with nanometric resolution, single-molecule sensitivity, and in multiple colors. However, the impact of these techniques goes beyond biology as the fields of nanotechnology and nanomedicine can greatly benefit from them, as well. Nanoscopy can visualize nanostructures in vitro and in cells and can contribute to the characterization of their structures and nano-bio interactions. In this Perspective, we discuss the potential of super-resolution imaging for nanomedicine research, its technical challenges, and the future developments we envision for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pujals
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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9
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Gonzalez-Carrero S, Bareño L, Debroye E, Martin C, Bondia P, Flors C, Galian RE, Hofkens J, Pérez-Prieto J. Linear assembly of lead bromide-based nanoparticles inside lead(ii) polymers prepared by mixing the precursors of both the nanoparticle and the polymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2968-2971. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of 1D assemblies of lead halide-based nanoparticles inside a lead bromide polymer by concurrent formation of lead(ii) oligomers and the nanoparticles in the presence of cyclohexanemethylammonium bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Bareño
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMoL)
- Universidad de Valencia
- Paterna
- Spain
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- B-3001, Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Patricia Bondia
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia)
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Cristina Flors
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia)
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Raquel E. Galian
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMoL)
- Universidad de Valencia
- Paterna
- Spain
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- B-3001, Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMoL)
- Universidad de Valencia
- Paterna
- Spain
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10
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Chen B, Wang F. NaYbF 4@CaF 2 core-satellite upconversion nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis and sensitive detection of glutathione. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19898-19905. [PMID: 30346010 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new class of core-satellite upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) formed through a kinetically controlled oriented attachment is presented. The core-satellite UCNPs comprising an optically active α-NaYbF4 core and several CaF2 satellites are synthesized by a one-pot sequential injection technique. Compared to conventional core-shell UCNPs, these core-satellite UCNPs show larger surface-to-volume ratios and are suitable for further surface modifications. As a proof-of-concept, a biosensing system is constructed by coating MnO2 nanosheets on the α-NaYbF4:Tm@CaF2 core-satellite UCNPs for high-sensitivity biothiol detection. These core-satellite UCNPs show great potential in the development of UCNP-based nanohybrids for biosensing, multimodal imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Hirvonen LM, Cox S. STORM without enzymatic oxygen scavenging for correlative atomic force and fluorescence superresolution microscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:045002. [PMID: 29956675 PMCID: PMC6538533 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Superresolution microscopy based on localisation is usually performed in a buffer containing enzymatic oxygen scavenger, which facilitates reversible photoswitching of the dye molecules. This makes correlative fluorescence localisation and atomic force microscopy (AFM) challenging, because enzymatic oxygen scavenging interferes with the AFM cantilevers. Here we report on the blinking kinetics of a new red cyanine dye, iFluor-647, which is similar to the Alexa-647 dye commonly used for superresolution microscopy, but with brightness and blinking properties which are superior to Alexa-647 in a buffer without enzymatic oxygen scavenger. We measure the blinking behaviour of iFluor-647 in buffers with and without enzymatic oxygen scavenger with different thiol concentrations. We then apply this dye for correlative localisation and atomic force microscopy in a buffer without enzymatic oxygen scavenger, which allows acquisition of AFM and superresolution images without buffer change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Hirvonen
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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12
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Graugnard E, Hughes WL, Jungmann R, Kostiainen MA, Linko V. Nanometrology and super-resolution imaging with DNA. MRS BULLETIN 2017; 42:951-959. [PMID: 31485100 PMCID: PMC6726407 DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2017.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Structural DNA nanotechnology is revolutionizing the ways researchers construct arbitrary shapes and patterns in two and three dimensions on the nanoscale. Through Watson-Crick base pairing, DNA can be programmed to form nanostructures with high predictability, addressability, and yield. The ease with which structures can be designed and created has generated great interest for using DNA for a variety of metrology applications, such as in scanning probe microscopy and super-resolution imaging. An additional advantage of the programmable nature of DNA is that mechanisms for nanoscale metrology of the structures can be integrated within the DNA objects by design. This programmable structure-property relationship provides a powerful tool for developing nanoscale materials and smart rulers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Graugnard
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, USA
| | - William L. Hughes
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, USA
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Germany
| | | | - Veikko Linko
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
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13
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Marcos-Almaraz MT, Gref R, Agostoni V, Kreuz C, Clayette P, Serre C, Couvreur P, Horcajada P. Towards improved HIV-microbicide activity through the co-encapsulation of NRTI drugs in biocompatible metal organic framework nanocarriers. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8563-8569. [PMID: 32264524 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of the routinely used anti-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) therapy based on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is limited by the poor cellular uptake of the active triphosphorylated metabolites and the low efficiency of intracellular phosphorylation of their prodrugs. Nanoparticles of iron(iii) polycarboxylate Metal-Organic Frameworks (nanoMOFs) are promising drug nanocarriers. In this study, two active triphosphorylated NRTIs, azidothymidine triphosphate (AZT-Tp) and lamivudine triphosphate (3TC-Tp), were successfully co-encapsulated into the biocompatible mesoporous iron(iii) trimesate MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOF in order to improve anti-HIV therapies. The drug loaded nanoMOFs could be stored for up to 2-months and reconstituted after freeze drying, retaining similar physicochemical properties. Their antiretroviral activity was evidenced in vitro on monocyte-derived macrophages experimentally infected with HIV, making these co-encapsulated nanosystems excellent HIV-microbicide candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Marcos-Almaraz
- Institut Lavoisier, Université de Versailles St-Quentin, UMR CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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14
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Bondia P, Casado S, Flors C. Correlative Super-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging and Atomic Force Microscopy for the Characterization of Biological Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1663:105-113. [PMID: 28924662 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7265-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging tools have greatly improved our ability to analyze the structure and molecular components of a wide range of biological systems at the nanoscale. High resolution imaging can be performed with a handful of techniques, each of them revealing particular features of the sample. A more comprehensive picture of a biological system can be achieved by combining the information provided by complementary imaging methods. Specifically, the correlation between super-resolution fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides high resolution topography as well as specific chemical information, the latter with a spatial resolution that approaches that of AFM. We present a detailed protocol and discuss the requirements and challenges in terms of sample preparation, instrumentation, and image alignment to combine these two powerful techniques. This hybrid nanoscale imaging tool has the potential to provide robust validation for super-resolution methods as well as new insight into biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bondia
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CSIC), C/ Faraday 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Santiago Casado
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CSIC), C/ Faraday 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Flors
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CSIC), C/ Faraday 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
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