1
|
Das S, Gupta I, Singh Bahga S. Universal correlation for the critical diameter of deterministic lateral displacement devices with polygonal posts. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:044104. [PMID: 39119590 PMCID: PMC11305815 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a microfluidic technique that utilizes a specific array of micro-posts to separate cells or particles larger and smaller than a critical diameter. The critical diameter depends on the shape of the posts, the gap between the posts, and the relative shift between the adjacent rows of posts. Here, we present an experimental and numerical investigation to elucidate the functional dependence of the critical diameter of DLD arrays with polygonal posts on the geometric parameters. Based on simulations of fluid flow through DLD devices with varying geometric parameters, we first derived a correlation to predict the critical diameter of DLD arrays with polygonal post shapes having an arbitrary number of sides. We then used a novel experimental approach, wherein we coupled different DLD arrays with an upstream droplet generator to flow droplets of varying sizes and estimate the critical diameter. The critical diameter predicted by the correlation based on simulations compares well with our experimental data and with data available in the literature. The universal correlation for a critical diameter presented here can help design and optimize DLD devices with polygonal posts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ishaan Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Supreet Singh Bahga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Liu S, Shen M, Shi J, Wu C, Song Z, Zhao Y. Dielectrophoretic characterization and selection of non-spherical flagellate algae in parallel channels with right-angle bipolar electrodes. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2506-2517. [PMID: 38619815 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-spherical flagellate algae play an increasingly significant role in handling problematic issues as versatile biological micro/nanorobots and resources of valuable bioproducts. However, the commensalism of flagellate algae with distinct structures and constituents causes considerable difficulties in their further biological utilization. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a novel method to realize high-efficiency selection of non-spherical flagellate algae in a non-invasive manner. Enthused by these, we proposed a novel method to accomplish the selection of flagellate algae based on the numerical and experimental investigation of dielectrophoretic characterizations of flagellate algae. Firstly, an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method was utilized to study the electro-orientation and dielectrophoretic assembly process of spindle-shaped and ellipsoid-shaped cells in a uniform electric field. Secondly, we studied the equilibrium state of spherical, ellipsoid-shaped, and spindle-shaped cells under positive DEP forces actuated by right-angle bipolar electrodes. Thirdly, we investigated the dielectrophoretic assembly and escape processes of the non-spherical flagellate algae in continuous flow to explore their influences on the selection. Fourthly, freshwater flagellate algae (Euglena, H. pluvialis, and C. reinhardtii) and marine ones (Euglena, Dunaliella salina, and Platymonas) were separated to validate the feasibility and adaptability of this method. Finally, this approach was engineered in the selection of Euglena cells with high viability and motility. This method presents immense prospects in the selection of pure non-spherical flagellate algae with high motility for chronic wound healing, bio-micromotor construction, and decontamination with advantages of no sheath, strong reliability, and shape-insensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Jishun Shi
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Chungang Wu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Song
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pandit P, Kong L, Samuel GL. Design and fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane device for evaluating the effect of pillar geometry and configuration in the flow separation using deterministic lateral displacement. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1563-1575. [PMID: 38179096 PMCID: PMC10763653 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of microfluidics and the manufacturing of microdevices has led to a strategic change in the biomedical industry. The flow through narrow channels and the pillars are placed strategically, leading to the phenomenon of particle separation through deterministic lateral displacement (DLD). In such a phenomenon, the shape, size, location and orientation of the obstacles play an important role. For the first time, particle separation is achieved with DLD modules having high row shift angles of 25°, 30° and 35°, reducing the number of pillars. The significance of circular and triangular micropillars executing deterministic lateral displacement, oriented at different angles, has been investigated, and it is found that the triangular pillars oriented at 75° resulted in better separation compared to the other configurations. In this report, the fabrication, location, orientation of the micropillars and the selection of appropriate process parameters are detailed. The structures are fabricated on silicon wafers using the standard photolithography process followed by the deep reactive ion etching process. These dies are further used to fabricate the polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic chips. These fabricated devices are characterised by their size, structure and quality using 3D microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Further, blood plasma separation is carried out using the devices fabricated in this work, and the particles at the inlet and outlets are evaluated using microscopy and a novel image processing technique, replacing the use of a hemocytometer. The path traced by the particles at different flow conditions is numerically evaluated and validated with experiments. The novel device is capable of separating blood cells from plasma with a recovery factor varying from 44% to 100%. PDMS-PDMS bonding experiments using oxygen and argon plasma have been carried out to evaluate the maximum bond strength and flow velocity in the devices. It is observed that the oxygen plasma results in a bond strength of 0.404 N mm-1, thus a high throughput of 135.34 μL s-1 is achieved using the fabricated device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Pandit
- Manufacturing Engineering Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu 600036 India
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - G L Samuel
- Manufacturing Engineering Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Liu S, Hu XG, Liu T, Shen M, Peng Y, Hu S, Zhao Y. Enrichment and Selection of Particles through Parallel Induced-Charge Electro-osmotic Streaming for Detection of Low-Abundance Nanoparticles and Targeted Microalgae. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11714-11722. [PMID: 37486806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of micro- and nanoscale objects is an essential procedure in many detection and sensing applications, including disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring. Induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) vortices present excellent advantages in the enrichment and selection of micro/nanoscale particles for downstream detection due to gentle conditions and contactless operation, but the application of this method is currently constrained by the throughput. Double-layer charging at the ends of bipolar electrodes can maintain a continuous flow of electric current in the fluidically isolated channels, which provides a feasible method to manipulate particles using parallel ICEO vortices, promoting throughput of particle manipulation without compromising efficiency and overcoming the complicated ohmic contact of electrodes. Encouraged by these, we put forward a novel method with parallel ICEO vortices to manipulate micro/nanoscale samples for downstream detection. First, we study the extension regulation of the low-frequency electric field and mediating effect of the open BPEs on the extended electric field and characterize electric equilibrium states of microparticles and their voltage dependence. Afterward, we leverage this method to enrich nanoparticles for detection of low-abundance nanoparticles with about 20- and 40-fold fluorescence intensities by integrating with a simple fiber-optic sensor. Furthermore, this technique is engineered for the selection of targeted microalgae to continuously detect their proliferation behaviors by combining with a homemade electrical impedance spectroscopy device. This method can reinforce the throughput of ICEO vortices and enables it to integrate with simple and economical sensors to accomplish disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Xu-Guang Hu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Tengteng Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Yun Peng
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martín-Pérez A, Ramos D. Nanomechanical hydrodynamic force sensing using suspended microfluidic channels. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:53. [PMID: 37168769 PMCID: PMC10164740 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has demonstrated high versatility in the analysis of in-flow particles and can even achieve mechanical properties measurements of biological cells by applying hydrodynamic forces. However, there is currently no available technique that enables the direct measurement and tracking of these hydrodynamic forces acting on a flowing particle. In this work, we introduce a novel method for the direct measurement of the hydrodynamic force actuating on an in-flow particle based on the analysis of the induced resonance changes of suspended microchannel resonators (SMRs). This hydrodynamic force sensitivity depends on the device used; therefore, we considered the geometry and materials to advance this dependency on the SMR resonance frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martín-Pérez
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 3 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Madrid), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ramos
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 3 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Madrid), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Hayden O. Advances in analytical microfluidic workflows for differential cancer diagnosis. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simulative Investigation of Different DLD Microsystem Designs with Increased Reynolds Numbers Using a Two-Way Coupled IBM-CFD/6-DOF Approach. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microsystems are suitable for the size fractionation of particle suspensions in the size range of 0.1 to 10 µm. To be able to fractionate real particles beyond a laboratory scale, these systems have to be designed for higher throughputs. High flow resistances and increasing the clogging of the systems impose substantial challenges for industrial operation. Simulative parameter studies are suitable for improving the design of the systems; for example, the position and shape of the posts. A high-resolution, two-way coupled 6-DOF CFD-DEM approach was used to study the flow and particle behavior of different post shapes (circular and triangular) and post sizes at different Reynolds numbers. The results were compared with the classical first streamline width theory. It was shown that the streamline theory does not account for all effects responsible for the separation. Furthermore, a shift in the critical particle diameter to smaller values could be obtained when increasing the Reynolds number and also when using triangular posts with reduced post sizes compared to the post spacing. These findings can help to improve the efficiency of the systems as the post spacing could be extended, thus reducing the flow resistance and the probability of clogging.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang H, Niu J, Jin H, Lin S, Cui D. Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:62. [PMID: 35685963 PMCID: PMC9170746 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shujing Lin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choe SW, Kim B, Kim M. Progress of Microfluidic Continuous Separation Techniques for Micro-/Nanoscale Bioparticles. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:464. [PMID: 34821680 PMCID: PMC8615634 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Separation of micro- and nano-sized biological particles, such as cells, proteins, and nucleotides, is at the heart of most biochemical sensing/analysis, including in vitro biosensing, diagnostics, drug development, proteomics, and genomics. However, most of the conventional particle separation techniques are based on membrane filtration techniques, whose efficiency is limited by membrane characteristics, such as pore size, porosity, surface charge density, or biocompatibility, which results in a reduction in the separation efficiency of bioparticles of various sizes and types. In addition, since other conventional separation methods, such as centrifugation, chromatography, and precipitation, are difficult to perform in a continuous manner, requiring multiple preparation steps with a relatively large minimum sample volume is necessary for stable bioprocessing. Recently, microfluidic engineering enables more efficient separation in a continuous flow with rapid processing of small volumes of rare biological samples, such as DNA, proteins, viruses, exosomes, and even cells. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advances in microfluidic separation of micro-/nano-sized bioparticles by summarizing the physical principles behind the separation system and practical examples of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-woon Choe
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea;
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea
| | - Bumjoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 1223-24, Korea;
- Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 1223-24, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang D, Xiang N. Rapid and precise tumor cell separation using the combination of size-dependent inertial and size-independent magnetic methods. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1409-1417. [PMID: 33605279 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a significant role in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. One of the major challenges in isolating and detecting rare CTCs from blood is that white blood cells (WBCs) have a size overlap with the target CTCs. To address this issue, we constructed a three-stage i-Mag device integrated with passive inertial microfluidics and active magnetophoresis, enabling rapid and precise separation of tumor cells from blood. The first-stage spiral inertial sorter was applied to rapidly remove small-sized red blood cells (RBCs), and then the second-stage serpentine inertial focuser and the third-stage magnetic sorter were used for removing the magnetically labeled WBCs size-independently, to significantly purify the captured tumor cells. Then, the separation performance of our i-Mag device was explored. The results indicated rapid and precise separation of breast cancer cells from diluted whole blood at a high separation efficiency of 93.84% and at a high purity of 51.47%. The purity of the collected tumor cells could be further improved to 93.60% when the blood dilution ratio was increased. We also successfully applied our i-Mag device for the isolation and detection of trace tumor cells. Our i-Mag device has numerous advantages, such as enabling high-throughput processing and high-precision separation, requiring easy manufacturing at a low cost, and providing tumor antigen-independent operation. We believe that the i-Mag device has great potential to act as a precise tool for separating various bioparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang D, Man J, Jiang D, Zhao J, Xiang N. Inertial microfluidics: Recent advances. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2166-2187. [PMID: 33027533 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics has attracted significant attentions in last decade due to its superior advantages of high throughput, label- and external field-free operation, simplicity, and low cost. A wide variety of channel geometry designs were demonstrated for focusing, concentrating, isolating, or separating of various bioparticles such as blood components, circulating tumor cells, bacteria, and microalgae. In this review, we first briefly introduce the physics of inertial migration and Dean flow for allowing the readers with diverse backgrounds to have a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of inertial microfluidics. Then, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advances and applications of inertial microfluidic devices according to different channel geometries ranging from straight channels, curved channels to contraction-expansion-array channels. Finally, the challenges and future perspective of inertial microfluidics are discussed. Owing to its superior benefit for particle manipulation, the inertial microfluidics will play a more important role in biology and medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Man
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiyun Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han BH, Kim S, Seo G, Heo Y, Chung S, Kang JY. Isolation of extracellular vesicles from small volumes of plasma using a microfluidic aqueous two-phase system. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3552-3559. [PMID: 32808641 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As conventional bulky methods for extracellular vesicle (EV) separation are unsuitable for small volumes of samples, microfluidic devices are thought to offer a solution for the integrated and automatic processing of EV separation. This study demonstrates a simple microfluidic aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for EV separation with high recovery efficiency to overcome the limitation of previous devices, which require complex external equipment or high cost manufacturing. With polyethylene glycol and dextran in the microfluidic channel, the isolation mechanism of the microfluidic ATPS was analyzed by comparison between two-phase and one-phase systems. Our device could facilitate continuous EV isolation with 83.4% recovery efficiency and remove 65.4% of the proteins from the EV-protein mixture. EVs were also successfully isolated from human plasma at high recovery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hoon Han
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea. and School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumi Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geeyoon Seo
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youhee Heo
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea and KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea. and Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology School, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tottori N, Muramoto Y, Sakai H, Nisisako T. Nanoparticle Separation through Deterministic Lateral Displacement Arrays in Poly(dimethylsiloxane). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.19we160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naotomo Tottori
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | | | - Takasi Nisisako
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salafi T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. A Review on Deterministic Lateral Displacement for Particle Separation and Detection. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:77. [PMID: 34138050 PMCID: PMC7770818 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The separation and detection of particles in suspension are essential for a wide spectrum of applications including medical diagnostics. In this field, microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) holds a promise due to the ability of continuous separation of particles by size, shape, deformability, and electrical properties with high resolution. DLD is a passive microfluidic separation technique that has been widely implemented for various bioparticle separations from blood cells to exosomes. DLD techniques have been previously reviewed in 2014. Since then, the field has matured as several physics of DLD have been updated, new phenomena have been discovered, and various designs have been presented to achieve a higher separation performance and throughput. Furthermore, some recent progress has shown new clinical applications and ability to use the DLD arrays as a platform for biomolecules detection. This review provides a thorough discussion on the recent progress in DLD with the topics based on the fundamental studies on DLD models and applications for particle separation and detection. Furthermore, current challenges and potential solutions of DLD are also discussed. We believe that a comprehensive understanding on DLD techniques could significantly contribute toward the advancements in the field for various applications. In particular, the rapid, low-cost, and high-throughput particle separation and detection with DLD have a tremendous impact for point-of-care diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thoriq Salafi
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pariset E, Parent C, Fouillet Y, François B, Verplanck N, Revol-Cavalier F, Thuaire A, Agache V. Separation of Biological Particles in a Modular Platform of Cascaded Deterministic Lateral Displacement Modules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17762. [PMID: 30531826 PMCID: PMC6288093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) has been extensively implemented in the last decade for size-based sample preparation, owing to its high separation performances for a wide range of particle dimensions. However, separating particles from 1 μm to 10 μm in one single DLD device is challenging because of the required diversity of pillar dimensions and inherent fabrication issues. This paper presents an alternative approach to achieve the extraction of E. coli bacteria from blood samples spiked with prostate cancer cells. Our approach consists in cascading individual DLD devices in a single automated platform, using flexible chambers that successively collect and inject the sample between each DLD stage without any external sample manipulation. Operating DLD separations independently enables to maximize the sorting efficiency at each step, without any disturbance from downstream stages. The proposed two-step automated protocol is applied to the separation of three types of components (bacteria, blood particles and cancer cells), with a depletion yield of 100% for cancer cells and 93% for red blood cells. This cascaded approach is presented for the first time with two DLD modules and is upscalable to improve the dynamic range of currently available DLD devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Pariset
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Parent
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Fouillet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Boizot François
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Verplanck
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Aurélie Thuaire
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Agache
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pariset E, Pudda C, Boizot F, Verplanck N, Revol-Cavalier F, Berthier J, Thuaire A, Agache V. Purification of complex samples: Implementation of a modular and reconfigurable droplet-based microfluidic platform with cascaded deterministic lateral displacement separation modules. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197629. [PMID: 29768490 PMCID: PMC5955588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle separation in microfluidic devices is a common problematic for sample preparation in biology. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is efficiently implemented as a size-based fractionation technique to separate two populations of particles around a specific size. However, real biological samples contain components of many different sizes and a single DLD separation step is not sufficient to purify these complex samples. When connecting several DLD modules in series, pressure balancing at the DLD outlets of each step becomes critical to ensure an optimal separation efficiency. A generic microfluidic platform is presented in this paper to optimize pressure balancing, when DLD separation is connected either to another DLD module or to a different microfluidic function. This is made possible by generating droplets at T-junctions connected to the DLD outlets. Droplets act as pressure controllers, which perform at the same time the encapsulation of DLD sorted particles and the balance of output pressures. The optimized pressures to apply on DLD modules and on T-junctions are determined by a general model that ensures the equilibrium of the entire platform. The proposed separation platform is completely modular and reconfigurable since the same predictive model applies to any cascaded DLD modules of the droplet-based cartridge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Berthier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Vincent Agache
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|