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Wang M, Wang Y, Fu Q. Magneto-optical nanosystems for tumor multimodal imaging and therapy in-vivo. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101027. [PMID: 38525310 PMCID: PMC10959709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multimodal imaging, which combines the strengths of two or more imaging modalities to provide complementary anatomical and molecular information, has emerged as a robust technology for enhancing diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, as well as improving treatment monitoring. Moreover, the application of multimodal imaging in guiding precision tumor treatment can prevent under- or over-treatment, thereby maximizing the benefits for tumor patients. In recent years, several intriguing magneto-optical nanosystems with both magnetic and optical properties have been developed, leading to significant breakthroughs in the field of multimodal imaging and image-guided tumor therapy. These advancements pave the way for precise tumor medicine. This review summarizes various types of magneto-optical nanosystems developed recently and describes their applications as probes for multimodal imaging and agents for image-guided therapeutic interventions. Finally, future research and development prospects of magneto-optical nanosystems are discussed along with an outlook on their further applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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2
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Akmal MH, Kalashgrani MY, Mousavi SM, Rahmanian V, Sharma N, Gholami A, Althomali RH, Rahman MM, Chiang WH. Recent advances in synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels for bioimaging and drug delivery in cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5039-5060. [PMID: 38716622 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) integration into hydrogel matrices has become a viable approach for improving drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer treatment in recent years. Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted interest as adaptable nanomaterials for use in biomedicine. When incorporated into hydrogel frameworks, these nanomaterials exhibit enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external stimuli. The synergistic pairing of hydrogels with GQDs has created new opportunities to tackle the problems related to drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer treatment. Bioimaging plays a pivotal role in the early detection and monitoring of cancer. GQD-based hydrogels, with their excellent photoluminescence properties, offer a superior platform for high-resolution imaging. The tunable fluorescence characteristics of GQDs enable real-time visualization of biological processes, facilitating the precise diagnosis and monitoring of cancer progression. Moreover, the drug delivery landscape has been significantly transformed by GQD-based hydrogels. Because hydrogels are porous, therapeutic compounds may be placed into them and released in a controlled environment. The large surface area and distinct interactions of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with medicinal molecules boost loading capacity and release dynamics, ultimately improving therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, GQD-based hydrogels' stimulus-responsiveness allows for on-demand medication release, which minimizes adverse effects and improves therapeutic outcomes. The ability of GQD-based hydrogels to specifically target certain cancer cells makes them notable. Functionalizing GQDs with targeting ligands minimizes off-target effects and delivers therapeutic payloads to cancer cells selectively. Combined with imaging capabilities, this tailored drug delivery creates a theranostic platform for customized cancer treatment. In this study, the most recent advancements in the synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels are reviewed, with particular attention to the potential revolution these materials might bring to the area of cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hussnain Akmal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | | | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, QC, Canada
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
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Wei W, Wang Z, Wang B, He X, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yang Q, Pang W, Duan X. Acoustofluidic manipulation for submicron to nanoparticles. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38794970 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Particles, ranging from submicron to nanometer scale, can be broadly categorized into biological and non-biological types. Submicron-to-nanoscale bioparticles include various bacteria, viruses, liposomes, and exosomes. Non-biological particles cover various inorganic, metallic, and carbon-based particles. The effective manipulation of these submicron to nanoparticles, including their separation, sorting, enrichment, assembly, trapping, and transport, is a fundamental requirement for different applications. Acoustofluidics, owing to their distinct advantages, have emerged as a potent tool for nanoparticle manipulation over the past decade. Although recent literature reviews have encapsulated the evolution of acoustofluidic technology, there is a paucity of reports specifically addressing the acoustical manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles. This article endeavors to provide a comprehensive study of this topic, delving into the principles, apparatus, and merits of acoustofluidic manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles, and discussing the state-of-the-art developments in this technology. The discourse commences with an introduction to the fundamental theory of acoustofluidic control and the forces involved in nanoparticle manipulation. Subsequently, the working mechanism of acoustofluidic manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles is dissected into two parts, dominated by the acoustic wave field and the acoustic streaming field. A critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of different acoustofluidic platforms in nanoparticles control is presented. The article concludes with a summary of the challenges acoustofluidics face in the realm of nanoparticle manipulation and analysis, and a forecast of future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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4
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Rasheed PA, Ankitha M, Pillai VK, Alwarappan S. Graphene quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16001-16023. [PMID: 38765479 PMCID: PMC11099990 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are low dimensional carbon based materials with interesting physical, chemical and biological properties that enable their applications in numerous fields. GQDs possess unique electronic structures that impart special functional attributes such as tunable optical/electrical properties in addition to heteroatom-doping and more importantly a propensity for surface functionalization for applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Herein, we review the recent advancements in the top-down and bottom-up approaches for the synthesis of GQDs. Following this, we present a detailed review of the various surface properties of GQDs and their applications in bioimaging and biosensing. GQDs have been used for fluorescence imaging for visualizing tumours and monitoring the therapeutic responses in addition to magnetic resonance imaging applications. Similarly, the photoluminescence based biosensing applications of GQDs for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, micro RNA, DNA, horse radish peroxidase, heavy metal ions, negatively charged ions, cardiac troponin, etc. are discussed in this review. Finally, we conclude the review with a discussion on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Menon Ankitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Vijayamohanan K Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Rami Reddy Nagar Mangalam Tirupati AP 517507 India
| | - Subbiah Alwarappan
- Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 Tamilnadu India
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Sha J, Jing Z, He J, Bai Y, Wu J, Zhang S, Shi P. Ultrabright Xanthene Fluorescence Probe for Mitochondrial Super-Resolution Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5134-5142. [PMID: 38507805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that provide energy for cellular physiological activities. Changes in their structures may indicate the occurrence of diseases, and the super-resolution imaging of mitochondria is of great significance. However, developing fluorescent probes for mitochondrial super-resolution visualization still remains challenging due to insufficient fluorescence brightness and poor stability. Herein, we rationally synthesized an ultrabright xanthene fluorescence probe Me-hNR for mitochondria-specific super-resolution imaging using structured illumination microscopy (SIM). The rigid structure of Me-hNR provided its ultrahigh fluorescence quantum yield of up to 0.92 and ultrahigh brightness of up to 16,000. Occupying the para-position of the O atom in the xanthene skeleton by utilizing the smallest methyl group ensured its excellent stability. The study of the photophysical process indicated that Me-hNR mainly emitted fluorescence via radiative decay, and nonradiative decay and inter-system crossing were rare due to the slow nonradiative decay rate and large energy gap (ΔEst = 0.55 eV). Owing to these excellent merits, Me-hNR can specifically light up mitochondria at ultralow concentrations down to 5 nM. The unprecedented spatial resolution for mitochondria with an fwhm of 174 nm was also achieved. Therefore, this ultrabright xanthene fluorescence probe has great potential in visualizing the structural changes of mitochondria and revealing the pathogenesis of related diseases using SIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Chuangli Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sha
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
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Li J, Zhao X, Gong X. The Emerging Star of Carbon Luminescent Materials: Exploring the Mysteries of the Nanolight of Carbon Dots for Optoelectronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400107. [PMID: 38461525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm, have attracted significant interest since their discovery. They possess numerous excellent properties, such as tunability of photoluminescence, environmental friendliness, low cost, and multifunctional applications. Recently, a large number of reviews have emerged that provide overviews of their synthesis, properties, applications, and their composite functionalization. The application of CDs in the field of optoelectronics has also seen unprecedented development due to their excellent optical properties, but reviews of them in this field are relatively rare. With the idea of deepening and broadening the understanding of the applications of CDs in the field of optoelectronics, this review for the first time provides a detailed summary of their applications in the field of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. In addition, the definition, categories, and synthesis methods of CDs are briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can bring scholars more and deeper understanding in the field of optoelectronic applications of CDs to further promote the practical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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7
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Majdoub M, Sengottuvelu D, Nouranian S, Al-Ostaz A. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots (g-C 3 N 4 QDs): From Chemistry to Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301462. [PMID: 38433108 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Since their emergence in 2014, graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C3 N4 QDs) have attracted much interest from the scientific community due to their distinctive physicochemical features, including structural, morphological, electrochemical, and optoelectronic properties. Owing to their desirable characteristics, such as non-zero band gap, ability to be chemically functionalized or doped, possessing tunable properties, outstanding dispersibility in different media, and biocompatibility, g-C3 N4 QDs have shown promise for photocatalysis, energy devices, sensing, bioimaging, solar cells, optoelectronics, among other applications. As these fields are rapidly evolving, it is very strenuous to pinpoint the emerging challenges of the g-C3 N4 QDs development and application during the last decade, mainly due to the lack of critical reviews of the innovations in the g-C3 N4 QDs synthesis pathways and domains of application. Herein, an extensive survey is conducted on the g-C3 N4 QDs synthesis, characterization, and applications. Scenarios for the future development of g-C3 N4 QDs and their potential applications are highlighted and discussed in detail. The provided critical section suggests a myriad of opportunities for g-C3 N4 QDs, especially for their synthesis and functionalization, where a combination of eco-friendly/single step synthesis and chemical modification may be used to prepare g-C3 N4 QDs with, for example, enhanced photoluminescence and production yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Majdoub
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Dineshkumar Sengottuvelu
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Sasan Nouranian
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Ostaz
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
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Zhang D, Zhang M, Pang Y, Li M, Ma W. Folic Acid-Modified Long-Circulating Liposomes Loaded with Sulfasalazine For Targeted Induction of Ferroptosis in Melanoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:588-598. [PMID: 38117929 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor that originates from melanocytes. The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide, partially because of its insensitivity to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Therefore, effective treatments for melanoma are urgently required. In this study, we employed folic acid-modified sulfasalazine long-circulating liposomes (FA-SSZ-Lips) to precisely target drug delivery to melanoma cells, eliciting ferroptosis effectively. The synthesized FA-SSZ-Lips were characterized as small spheres of a double-layer membrane, a particle size of 110.1 nm, and a ζ-potential of -22.8 ± 0.66 mV. FA-SSZ-Lips are effective drug carriers with SSZ-loading ratio and SSZ release rate of 6.2 ± 0.10%, and 72.63 ± 1.40%, respectively. The liposomes enhanced SSZ solubility, and the folic acid modifications increased the liposome targeting to melanoma cells. Compared with SSZ alone, FA-SSZ-Lips more strongly inhibited B16F10 cell growth, significantly disrupted the intracellular redox balance, and induced ferroptosis. After treatment, considerable differences were observed in the tumor volumes between FA-SSZ-Lips and phosphate-buffered saline control groups. The tumor growth-inhibition value of the FA-SSZ-Lips group reached 70.09%. Thus, FA-SSZ-Lips exhibited favorable antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo and are a promising strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Mogen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Yunyan Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
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Liang F, Li X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Bai K, Agusti R, Soleimani A, Wang W, Yi S. Recent Progress on Green New Phase Extraction and Preparation of Polyphenols in Edible Oil. Molecules 2023; 28:8150. [PMID: 38138638 PMCID: PMC10745615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the proposal of replacing toxic solvents with non-toxic solvents in the concept of green chemistry, the development and utilization of new green extraction techniques have become a research hotspot. Phenolic compounds in edible oils have good antioxidant activity, but due to their low content and complex matrix, it is difficult to achieve a high extraction rate in a green and efficient way. This paper reviews the current research status of novel extraction materials in solid-phase extraction, including carbon nanotubes, graphene and metal-organic frameworks, as well as the application of green chemical materials in liquid-phase extraction, including deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids and supramolecular solvents. The aim is to provide a more specific reference for realizing the green and efficient extraction of polyphenolic compounds from edible oils, as well as another possibility for the future research trend of green extraction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (F.L.); (Y.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (F.L.); (Y.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Kaiwen Bai
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (F.L.); (Y.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Romero Agusti
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Reus, El Morell Road, 43120 Constantí, Spain;
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (F.L.); (Y.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Shumin Yi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
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Liu Y, Li J, Xiahou J, Liu Z. Recent Advances in NIR or X-ray Excited Persistent Luminescent Materials for Deep Bioimaging. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03513-8. [PMID: 38008861 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to their persistent luminescence, persistent luminescent (PersL) materials have attracted great interest. In the biomedical field, the use of persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) eliminates the need for continuous in situ excitation, thereby avoiding interference from tissue autofluorescence and significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although persistent luminescence materials can emit light continuously, the luminescence intensity of small-sized nanoparticles in vivo decays quickly. Early persistent luminescent nanoparticles were mostly excited by ultraviolet (UV) or visible light and were administered for imaging purposes through ex vivo charging followed by injection into the body. Limited by the low in vivo penetration depth, UV light cannot secondary charge PLNPs that have decayed in vivo, and visible light does not penetrate deep enough to reach deep tissues, which greatly limits the imaging time of persistent luminescent materials. In order to address this issue, the development of PLNPs that can be activated by light sources with superior tissue penetration capabilities is essential. Near-infrared (NIR) light and X-rays are widely recognized as ideal excitation sources, making persistent luminescent materials stimulated by these two sources a prominent area of research in recent years. This review describes NIR and X-ray excitable persistent luminescence materials and their recent advances in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jinkai Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
- Infovision Optoelectronics (Kunshan)Co, Ltd, Kunshan, 215300, China.
| | - Junqing Xiahou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
| | - Zongming Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
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Wang Y, Zhong Y, Zi J, Lian Z. Type-I CdSe@CdS@ZnS Heterostructured Nanocrystals with Long Fluorescence Lifetime. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7007. [PMID: 37959604 PMCID: PMC10648168 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional single-component quantum dots (QDs) suffer from low recombination rates of photogenerated electrons and holes, which hinders their ability to meet the requirements for LED and laser applications. Therefore, it is urgent to design multicomponent heterojunction nanocrystals with these properties. Herein, we used CdSe quantum dot nanocrystals as a typical model, which were synthesized by means of a colloidal chemistry method at high temperatures. Then, CdS with a wide band gap was used to encapsulate the CdSe QDs, forming a CdSe@CdS core@shell heterojunction. Finally, the CdSe@CdS core@shell was modified through the growth of the ZnS shell to obtain CdSe@CdS@ZnS heterojunction nanocrystal hybrids. The morphologies, phases, structures and performance characteristics of CdSe@CdS@ZnS were evaluated using various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and time-resolved transient photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results show that the energy band structure is transformed from type II to type I after the ZnS growth. The photoluminescence lifetime increases from 41.4 ns to 88.8 ns and the photoluminescence quantum efficiency reaches 17.05% compared with that of pristine CdSe QDs. This paper provides a fundamental study and a new route for studying light-emitting devices and biological imaging based on multicomponent QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zichao Lian
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Yang Z, Xu T, Li H, She M, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li J. Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11047-11136. [PMID: 37677071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has been focused on carbon-based nanomaterials exhibiting diverse extended structures and unique properties. Among these materials, zero-dimensional structures, including fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, possess excellent bioaffinities and superior fluorescence properties that make these structures suitable for application to environmental and biological sensing, imaging, and therapeutics. This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and structural properties, design principles and preparation methods, and optical properties and sensing applications of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Recent interesting breakthroughs in the sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of heavy metal pollutants, hazardous substances, and bioactive molecules as well as applications in information encryption, super-resolution and photoacoustic imaging, and phototherapy and nanomedicine delivery are the main focus of this review. Finally, future challenges and prospects of these materials are highlighted and envisaged. This review presents a comprehensive basis and directions for designing, developing, and applying fascinating fluorescent sensors fabricated based on zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials for specific requirements in numerous research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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13
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Iannazzo D, Celesti C, Giofrè SV, Ettari R, Bitto A. Theranostic Applications of 2D Graphene-Based Materials for Solid Tumors Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2380. [PMID: 37630966 PMCID: PMC10459055 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, being characterized by rapid tumor growth and local and distant metastases. The failures encountered in cancer treatment are mainly related to the complicated biology of the tumor microenvironment. Nanoparticles-based (NPs) approaches have shown the potential to overcome the limitations caused by the pathophysiological features of solid cancers, enabling the development of multifunctional systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy and allowing effective inhibition of tumor growth. Among the different classes of NPs, 2D graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs), due to their outstanding chemical and physical properties, easy surface multi-functionalization, near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and tunable biocompatibility, represent ideal nanoplatforms for the development of theranostic tools for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we reviewed the most recent advances related to the synthesis of nano-systems based on graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), for the development of theranostic NPs to be used for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal-chemotherapy, photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), applied to solid tumors destruction. The advantages in using these nano-systems are here discussed for each class of GBNs, taking into consideration the different chemical properties and possibility of multi-functionalization, as well as biodistribution and toxicity aspects that represent a key challenge for their translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Consuelo Celesti
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (S.V.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (S.V.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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14
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Dreszer D, Szewczyk G, Szubka M, Maroń AM, Urbisz AZ, Małota K, Sznajder J, Rost-Roszkowska M, Musioł R, Serda M. Uncovering nanotoxicity of a water-soluble and red-fluorescent [70]fullerene nanomaterial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163052. [PMID: 36963679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Engineered fullerene materials have attracted the attention of researchers in the biomedical sciences, especially when their synthetic methodology is developed to endow them with significant levels of water-solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we synthesized and characterized a water-soluble and red-fluorescent [70]fullerene nanomaterial, which fluoresced at 693 nm with a quantum yield of 0.065 and a large Stokes shift (around 300 nm). The fullerene nanomaterial generated mainly singlet oxygen after illumination with blue LED light, while superoxide anion radical production was minimal. The transmission electron microscopy as well as fluorescent studies of Drosophila melanogaster revealed that prepared [70]fullerene nanoparticles had better bioavailability than pristine [70]fullerene nanoparticles. The designed nanomaterials were observed in the apical, perinuclear, and basal regions of digestive cells, as well as the basal lamina of the digestive system's epithelium, with no damage to cell organelles and no activation of degenerative processes and cell death. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding the in vivo behavior of fullerene nanomaterials and their future application in bioimaging and light-activated nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dreszer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | | | - Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Z Urbisz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Karol Małota
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Sznajder
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
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15
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Ali MK, Javaid S, Afzal H, Zafar I, Fayyaz K, Ain Q, Rather MA, Hossain MJ, Rashid S, Khan KA, Sharma R. Exploring the multifunctional roles of quantum dots for unlocking the future of biology and medicine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116290. [PMID: 37295589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With recent advancements in nanomedicines and their associated research with biological fields, their translation into clinically-applicable products is still below promises. Quantum dots (QDs) have received immense research attention and investment in the four decades since their discovery. We explored the extensive biomedical applications of QDs, viz. Bio-imaging, drug research, drug delivery, immune assays, biosensors, gene therapy, diagnostics, their toxic effects, and bio-compatibility. We unravelled the possibility of using emerging data-driven methodologies (bigdata, artificial intelligence, machine learning, high-throughput experimentation, computational automation) as excellent sources for time, space, and complexity optimization. We also discussed ongoing clinical trials, related challenges, and the technical aspects that should be considered to improve the clinical fate of QDs and promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Ali
- Deparment of Physiology, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Saher Javaid
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (a Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Haseeb Afzal
- Department of ENT, Ameer Ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Zafar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University, Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Kompal Fayyaz
- Department of National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad (GCWUF), Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil- Gandarbal (SKAUST-K), India.
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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16
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Kurniawan D, Mathew J, Rahardja MR, Pham HP, Wong PC, Rao NV, Ostrikov KK, Chiang WH. Plasma-Enabled Graphene Quantum Dot Hydrogels as Smart Anticancer Drug Nanocarriers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206813. [PMID: 36732883 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges on the way to low-cost, simple, and effective cancer treatments is the lack of smart anticancer drug delivery materials with the requisite of site-specific and microenvironment-responsive properties. This work reports the development of plasma-engineered smart drug nanocarriers (SDNCs) containing chitosan and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) for drug delivery in a pH-responsive manner. Through a customized microplasma processing, a highly cross-linked SDNC with only 4.5% of NGQD ratio can exhibit enhanced toughness up to threefold higher than the control chitosan group, avoiding the commonly used high temperatures and toxic chemical cross-linking agents. The SDNCs demonstrate improved loading capability for doxorubicin (DOX) via π-π interactions and stable solid-state photoluminescence to monitor the DOX loading and release through the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. Moreover, the DOX loaded SDNC exhibits anticancer effects against cancer cells during cytotoxicity tests at minimum concentration. Cellular uptake studies confirm that the DOX loaded SDNC can be successfully internalized into the nucleus after 12 h incubation period. This work provides new insights into the development of smart, environmental-friendly, and biocompatible nanographene hydrogels for the next-generation biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jacob Mathew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Michael Ryan Rahardja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hoang-Phuc Pham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Wong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and QUT Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
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17
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Zhao L, Shu M, Shi K, Tang S, Li Z. Novel use of graphene oxide quantum dots in a pickering emulsion as a Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine adjuvant. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110035. [PMID: 36958212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), which are graphene-based nanoparticles, are potential surfactant substitutes for stabilizing Pickering emulsions, due to their high surface area, biodegradability, and reasonable biocompatibility. In the present study, GOQDs stabilized Pickering emulsion (GQPE) was prepared by simple sonication and then used as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to the Chlamydia trachomatis Pgp3 recombinant vaccine. Immunization of mice showed that GQPE robustly activates adaptive immunity by efficiently stimulating IgG, sIgA, IFN-γ, IL-4, and TNF-α production. Controlled release repository of antigens both in vivo and in vitro prolonged the immune response. In addition, GQPE enhanced dendritic cell recruitment at the injection site, ensuring rapid and efficient innate immunity. Safety assessment revealed that GQPE does not cause liver, kidney, and myocardial damage in mice, suggesting its favorable biocompatibility. This study provides evidence for the use of GOPE as a facile, effective, and safe strategy to enhance the immune response to Pgp3 recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhua Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, the School of Nuring, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, PR China
| | - Mingyi Shu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, the School of Nuring, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, PR China
| | - Keliang Shi
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, the School of Nuring, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, PR China
| | - Shuangyang Tang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, the School of Nuring, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, the School of Nuring, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, PR China.
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18
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Lu Y, Jin B, Zheng R, Wu S, Zhao D, Qiu M. Production and Patterning of Fluorescent Quantum Dots by Cryogenic Electron-Beam Writing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12154-12160. [PMID: 36848286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a promising type of functional material with distinguished properties. Although tremendous effort was devoted to the preparation of GQDs, their applications are still limited due to a lack of methods for processing GQDs from synthesis to patterning smoothly. Here, we demonstrate that aromatic molecules, e.g., anisole, can be directly converted into GQD-containing nanostructures by cryogenic electron-beam writing. Such an electron-beam irradiation product exhibits evenly red fluorescence emission under laser excitation at 473 nm, and its photoluminescence intensity can be easily tuned with the electron-beam exposure dose. Experimental characterizations on the chemical composition of the product reveal that anisole undergoes a carbonization and further graphitization process during e-beam irradiation. With conformal coating of anisole, our approach can create arbitrary fluorescent patterns on both planar and curved surfaces for concealing information or anticounterfeiting applications. This study provides a one-step method for production and patterning of GQDs, facilitating their applications in highly integrated and compact optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Lu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Binbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ding Zhao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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19
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Pang J, Peng S, Hou C, Zhao H, Fan Y, Ye C, Zhang N, Wang T, Cao Y, Zhou W, Sun D, Wang K, Rümmeli MH, Liu H, Cuniberti G. Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles. ACS Sens 2023; 8:482-514. [PMID: 36656873 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene remains of great interest in biomedical applications because of biocompatibility. Diseases relating to human senses interfere with life satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, the restoration by artificial organs or sensory devices may bring a bright future by the recovery of senses in patients. In this review, we update the most recent progress in graphene based sensors for mimicking human senses such as artificial retina for image sensors, artificial eardrums, gas sensors, chemical sensors, and tactile sensors. The brain-like processors are discussed based on conventional transistors as well as memristor related neuromorphic computing. The brain-machine interface is introduced for providing a single pathway. Besides, the artificial muscles based on graphene are summarized in the means of actuators in order to react to the physical world. Future opportunities remain for elevating the performances of human-like sensors and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Songang Peng
- High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chongyang Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co. Ltd., Xinwai Street 2, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingju Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking and People's Republic of China School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, No. 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology (Ministry of Education) and School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ding Sun
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, D-01171, Germany.,College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.,Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, 20 Helmholtz Strasse, Dresden 01069, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
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20
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Lawrence RT, Croxall MP, Lu C, Goh MC. TiO 2-NGQD composite photocatalysts with switchable photocurrent response. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2788-2797. [PMID: 36661891 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06587h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of titanium dioxide-nitrogen doped graphene quantum dot (TiO2-NGQD) composite photocatalysts were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal reaction with varied NGQD content. Through a proposed Z-Scheme heterojunction, the composites were able to achieve increased photocurrent generation and photocatalytic degradation of phenol under both full spectrum and visible only illumination. The prepared composites were able to switch from anodic to cathodic photocurrent by changing the light source from full spectrum to visible wavelengths. The photocatalytic capabilities of the composites were tested by degrading phenol and this was monitored via nuclear magnetic resonance. All composites outperformed the commercial standard P25 TiO2 under both full spectrum and visible irradiation, with the 8 wt% NGQD composite showing a visible improvement of over 600% compared to P25. With the ability to manipulate the generation of majority charge carriers, TiO2-NGQDs have significant potential not only in photocatalysis, but in far reaching applications such as energy harvesting and water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece T Lawrence
- Dept of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mark P Croxall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Cynthia Goh
- Dept of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Wu C, Zhang S, Zheng Y, Wang A, Zhao Q, Sun W, Liu W, Long C, Wang Q. Solvent-Type Passivation Strategy Controls Solid-State Self-Quenching-Resistant Behavior in Sulfur Dots. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:21157-21168. [PMID: 36520141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of sulfur dots with polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been an efficient way to achieve a high luminescence quantum yield, and such a PEG-related quantum dot (QD)-synthesis strategy has been well documented. However, the polymeric insulating capping layer acting as the "thick shell" will significantly slow down the electron-transfer efficiency and severely hamper its practical application in an optoelectric field. Especially, the employment of synthetic polymers with long alkyl chains or large molecular weights may lead to structural complexity or even unexpected changes of physical characteristics for QDs. Therefore, in sulfur dot preparation, it is a breakthrough to use short-chain molecular species to replace PEG for better control and reproducibility. In this article, a solvent-type passivation (STP) strategy has been reported, and no PEG or any other capping agent is required. The main role of the solvent, ethanol, is to directly react with NaOH, and the generated sodium ethoxide passivates the surface defects. The afforded STP-enhanced emission sulfur dots (STPEE-SDs) possess not only the self-quenching-resistant feature in the solid state but also the extension of fluorescence band toward the wavelength as long as 645 nm. The realization of sulfur dot emission in the deep-red region with a decent yield (8.7%) has never been reported. Moreover, a super large Stokes shift (300 nm, λex = 345 nm, λem = 645 nm) and a much longer decay lifetime (109 μs) have been found, and such values can facilitate to suppress the negative influence from background signals. Density functional theory demonstrates that the surface passivation via sodium ethoxide is dynamically favorable, and the spectroscopic insights into emission behavior could be derived from the passivation effect of the sulfur vacancy as well as the charge-transfer process dominated by the highly electronegative ethoxide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Wu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou516025, China
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Aiqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou516025, China
| | - Qiming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan411201, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Wanqiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan411201, China
| | - Chenggang Long
- Ruide Technologies (Foshan) Inc, Foshan, Guangdong528311, China
| | - Qianming Wang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
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22
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Gautam A, Pal K. Gefitinib conjugated PEG passivated graphene quantum dots incorporated PLA microspheres for targeted anticancer drug delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12512. [PMID: 36619399 PMCID: PMC9816785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, polyethylene Glycol passivated Graphene Quantum Dots (PEG-GQDs) were successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Furthermore, for the synthesis of anticancer drug loaded GQD embedded microspheres, the anticancer drug was mixed with synthesized PEG-GQD. As prepared, Gefitinib-PEG-GQDs were incorporated into poly-lactic acid (PLA) microspheres using poly-vinyl-acetate (PVA) as surfactant via solvent evaporation technique and single emulsification method. The successful synthesis of anticancer drug loaded microspheres was confirmed by several characterization techniques, including Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), which shows the morphology of microspheres, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis gives an idea about functional group present in the microspheres. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides information about the crystallinity of the samples respectively. The drug release characteristics were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Moreover, the in-vitro cell-based cytotoxicity assay indicated almost insignificant cytotoxicity of the NCI-H522 cell line (Human, Lung, Non-small cell lung cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gautam
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India,Corresponding author.
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23
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Kaur H, Garg R, Singh S, Jana A, Bathula C, Kim HS, Kumbar SG, Mittal M. Progress and challenges of graphene and its congeners for biomedical applications. J Mol Liq 2022; 368:120703. [PMID: 38130892 PMCID: PMC10735213 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials by virtue of their small size and enhanced surface area, present unique physicochemical properties that enjoy widespread applications in bioengineering, biomedicine, biotechnology, disease diagnosis, and therapy. In recent years, graphene and its derivatives have attracted a great deal of attention in various applications, including photovoltaics, electronics, energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and biotechnology owing to their exceptional structural, optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical. Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms of atomic thickness, which are arranged in a honeycomb crystal lattice structure. Graphene derivatives are graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are highly oxidized and less oxidized forms of graphene, respectively. Another form of graphene is graphene quantum dots (GQDs), having a size of less than 20 nm. Contemporary graphene research focuses on using graphene nanomaterials for biomedical purposes as they have a large surface area for loading biomolecules and medicine and offer the potential for the conjugation of fluorescent dyes or quantum dots for bioimaging. The present review begins with the synthesis, purification, structure, and properties of graphene nanomaterials. Then, we focussed on the biomedical application of graphene nanomaterials with special emphasis on drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering, gene delivery, and chemotherapy. The implications of graphene nanomaterials on human health and the environment have also been summarized due to their exposure to their biomedical applications. This review is anticipated to offer useful existing understanding and inspire new concepts to advance secure and effective graphene nanomaterials-based biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University institute of science, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Rahul Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Rd, Hussainpur, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Sajan Singh
- AMBER/School of Chemistry, Trinity College of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Atanu Jana
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Chinna Bathula
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mona Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, University institute of science, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
- Department of Chemistry, Galgotia college of engineering, Knowledge Park, I, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
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24
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Fluorescent probes in stomatology. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Zhao J, Li C, Du X, Zhu Y, Li S, Liu X, Liang C, Yu Q, Huang L, Yang K. Recent Progress of Carbon Dots for Air Pollutants Detection and Photocatalytic Removal: Synthesis, Modifications, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200744. [PMID: 36251773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization has inevitably led to serious air pollution problems, thus it is urgent to develop detection and treatment technologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and efficient removal of harmful pollutants. Notably, the employment of functional nanomaterials, in sensing and photocatalytic technologies, is promising to achieve efficient in situ detection and removal of gaseous pollutants. Among them, carbon dots (CDs) have shown significant potential due to their superior properties, such as controllable structures, easy surface modification, adjustable energy band, and excellent electron-transfer capacities. Moreover, their environmentally friendly preparation and efficient capture of solar energy provide a green option for sustainably addressing environmental problems. Here, recent advances in the rational design of CDs-based sensors and photocatalysts are highlighted. An overview of their applications in air pollutants detection and photocatalytic removal is presented, especially the diverse sensing and photocatalytic mechanisms of CDs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided, emphasizing the importance of synthetic mechanism investigation and rational design of structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Youcai Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Le Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kuang Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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26
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Fabrication of poly (aspartic) acid functionalized graphene quantum dots based FRET sensor for selective and sensitive detection of MAGE-A11 antigen. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Bastos MK, Pijeira MSO, de Souza Sobrinho JH, Dos Santos Matos AP, Ricci-Junior E, de Almeida Fechine PB, Alencar LMR, Gemini-Piperni S, Alexis F, Attia MF, Santos-Oliveira R. Radiopharmacokinetics of Graphene Quantum Dots Nanoparticles In vivo: Comparing the Pharmacokinetics Parameters in Long and Short Periods. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2527-2533. [PMID: 35549877 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220512150625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained great importance during the last decades for developing new therapeutics with improved outcomes for biomedical applications due to their nanoscale size, surface properties, loading capacity, controlled drug release, and distribution. Among the carbon-based nanomaterials, one of the most biocompatible forms of graphene is graphene quantum dots (GQDs). GQDs are obtained by converting 2D graphene into zero-dimensional graphene nanosheets. Moreover, very few reports in the literature reported the pharmacokinetic studies proving the safety and effectiveness of GQDs for in vivo applications. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of GQDs radiolabeled with 99mTc, administered intravenously, in rodents (Wistar rats) in two conditions: short and long periods, to compare and understand the biological behavior. METHODS The graphene quantum dots were produced and characterized by RX diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed following the radiopharmacokinetics concepts, using radiolabeled graphene quantum dots with technetium 99 metastable (99mTc). The radiolabeling process of the graphene quantum dots with 99mTc was performed by the direct via. RESULTS The results indicate that the pharmacokinetic analyses with GQDs over a longer period were more accurate. Following a bicompartmental model, the long-time analysis considers each pharmacokinetic phase of drugs into the body. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that short-time analysis could lead to distortions in pharmacokinetic parameters, leading to misinterpretations. CONCLUSION The evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of GQDs over long periods is more meaningful than the evaluation over short periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Keuper Bastos
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, Brazil
| | - Martha Sahylí Ortega Pijeira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Dos Santos Matos
- School of Pharmacy, Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- School of Pharmacy, Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basilio de Almeida Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 451-970, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Rebelo Alencar
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Sara Gemini-Piperni
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21940000 Brazil
| | - Frank Alexis
- Politécnico, Quito 170910, Ecuador, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ
| | - Mohamed Fathy Attia
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmaco-engineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, Brazil.,State University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro, 23070200 Brazil
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28
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Liang L, Shen X, Zhou M, Chen Y, Lu X, Zhang L, Wang W, Shen JW. Theoretical Evaluation of Potential Cytotoxicity of Graphene Quantum Dot to Adsorbed DNA. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7435. [PMID: 36363026 PMCID: PMC9654448 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial, graphene quantum dot (GQD) has a unique physical structure and electrochemical properties, which has been widely used in biomedical fields, such as bioimaging, biosensor, drug delivery, etc. Its biological safety and potential cytotoxicity to human and animal cells have become a growing concern in recent years. In particular, the potential DNA structure damage caused by GQD is of great importance but still obscure. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the adsorption behavior and the structural changes of single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on the surfaces of GQDs with different sizes and oxidation. Our results showed that ssDNA can strongly adsorb and lay flat on the surface of GQDs and graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), whereas dsDNA was preferentially oriented vertically on both surfaces. With the increase of GQDs size, more structural change of adsorbed ssDNA and dsDNA could be found, while the size effect of GOQD on the structure of ssDNA and dsDNA is not significant. These findings may help to improve the understanding of GQD biocompatibility and potential applications of GQD in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liang
- Center for X-Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yijian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xudong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Road 38, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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29
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Li W, Zhang L, Jiang N, Chen Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Yang B, Liu J. Fabrication of Orange Fluorescent Boron-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Al 3+ Ion Detection. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196771. [PMID: 36235307 PMCID: PMC9573639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is a kind of metal that we often encounter. It can also be absorbed by the human body invisibly and will affect our bodies to a certain extent, e.g., by causing symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the detection of aluminum is particularly important. The methods to detect metal ions include precipitation methods and electrochemical methods, which are cumbersome and costly. Fluorescence detection is a fast and sensitive method with a low cost and non-toxicity. Traditional fluorescent nanomaterials have a high cost, high toxicity, and cause harm to the human body. Graphene quantum dots are a new type of fluorescent nanomaterials with a low cost and non-toxicity that can compensate for the defects of traditional fluorescent nanomaterials. In this paper, c-GQDs and o-GQDs with good performance were prepared by a bottom-up hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine as a precursor and citric acid or boric acid as modulators. They have very good optical properties: o-GQDs exhibit orange fluorescence under UV irradiation, while c-GQDs exhibits cyan fluorescence. Then, different metal ions were used for ion detection, and it was found that Al3+ had a good quenching effect on the fluorescence of the o-GQDs. The reason for this phenomenon may be related to the strong binding of Al3+ ions to the N and O functional groups of the o-GQDs and the rapid chelation kinetics. During the chelation process, the separation of o-GQDs’ photoexcited electron hole pairs leads to their rapid electron transfer to Al3+, in turn leading to the occurrence of a fluorescence-quenching phenomenon. In addition, there was a good linear relationship between the concentration of the Al3+ ions and the fluorescence intensity, and the correlation coefficient of the linear regression equation was 0.9937. This illustrates the potential for the wide application of GQDs in sensing systems, while also demonstrating that Al3+ sensors can be used to detect Al3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Luoman Zhang
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Ningjia Jiang
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Yongqian Chen
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Gao
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Baoshuo Yang
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Textile and Garment Industry of Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
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30
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Li L, Han Y, Wang L, Jiang W, Zhao H. Dye Plants Derived Carbon Dots for Flexible Secure Printing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3168. [PMID: 36144956 PMCID: PMC9506027 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (C-dots) are fluorescent nanomaterials, exhibiting excellent structure-dependent optical properties for various types of optical and electrical applications. Although many precursors were used for C-dots production, it is still a challenge to produce high-quality C-dots using environmentally-friendly natural precursors. In this work, multiple-colored colloidal C-dots were synthesized via a heating reaction using natural plant dyes as precursors, for example, Indigo, Carcuma longa, and Sophora japonica L. The as-prepared C-dots have absorption in the UV range of 220 to 450 nm with the typical emission ranging from 350 to 600 nm. The as-obtained C-dots have a quantum yield as high as 3.8% in an aqueous solution. As a proof-of-concept, we used the as-prepared C-dots as fluorescence inks for textile secure printing. The printed patterns are almost invisible under daylight and have distinct and clear patterns under 365 and 395 nm light, proving the great potential in optical anti-counterfeiting. This work demonstrates the advanced strategy for high-performance C-dots production from natural dyes and their potential application in flexible secure printing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Physics, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Physics, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Sekar R, Basavegowda N, Jena S, Jayakodi S, Elumalai P, Chaitanyakumar A, Somu P, Baek KH. Recent Developments in Heteroatom/Metal-Doped Carbon Dot-Based Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091869. [PMID: 36145617 PMCID: PMC9504834 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are advanced nanomaterials with a size of 2–10 nm and are considered zero-dimensional carbonaceous materials. CNDs have received great attention in the area of cancer theranostics. The majority of review articles have shown the improvement of CNDs for use in cancer therapy and bioimaging applications. However, there is a minimal number of consolidated studies on the currently developed doped CNDs that are used in various ways in cancer therapies. Hence, in this review, we discuss the current developments in different types of heteroatom elements/metal ion-doped CNDs along with their preparations, physicochemical and biological properties, multimodal-imaging, and emerging applications in image-guided photodynamic therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chengalpattu 603 308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Saktishree Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chengalpattu 603 308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhoshkumar Jayakodi
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandian Elumalai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amballa Chaitanyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak University, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
| | - Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-52-810-3029
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32
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Yu Q, Li J, Zhang X, Yang S, Zhou P, Xia J, Deng T, Yu C. Dual-Emission ZAISe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Multi-level Bio-Imaging: Foam Cells and Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:399-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Tade RS, Patil PO. Biofabricated functionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs): Unravelling its fluorescence sensing mechanism of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) antigen and in vitro bioimaging application. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35896107 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac84ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a deadly malignancy that is posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, early detection of LC biomarkers is the key to reducing LC-related fatalities. Herein, we present the first fluorescent-based selective detection of LC biomarker human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs). One-pot in situ synthesis of amine-functionalized GQDs was accomplished by hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste-derived cellulose and PEI. Synthesized fGQDs were characterized by various analytical techniques. Synthesized fGQDs not only exhibited enhanced fluorescence life-time but also excellent stability in the different solvents compared to bare GQDs. The surface activation of hTERT-Ab by carbodiimide chemistry (EDC-NHS) resulted in stacking interactions with fGQDs, involving adsorption-desorption as well as competitive mechanisms. The higher inherent affinity of hTERT-Ag (hTERT antigen) for hTERT-Ab (hTERT antibody) resulted in complex formation and recovery of fGQD fluorescence. As a result, this fluorescence sensing demonstrated a greater linear detection range (0.01 ng mL-1 to 100 µg mL-1) as well as a notable low detection limit (36.3 pg mL-1). Furthermore, the fabricated immunosensor (Ab@fGQDs) has excellent stability and performance in real samples, with an average recovery of 97.32%. The results of cytotoxicity and cellular bioimaging study in A549 cells show that fGQDs can be used for additional nanotherapeutics and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tade
- Pharmaceutics, HR Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirsoli PB, Jalgaon, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, INDIA
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H R Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Shirpur, Shirpur, 425405, INDIA
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Xu H, Zhou S, Fang W, Liu J, Lu M. Confined Mesospace Synthesis of Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Direct H
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Detection. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
| | - Shenghai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
| | - Wenbo Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
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Zhang C, Chen L, Bai Q, Wang L, Li S, Sui N, Yang D, Zhu Z. Nonmetal Graphdiyne Nanozyme-Based Ferroptosis-Apoptosis Strategy for Colon Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27720-27732. [PMID: 35674241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis-apoptosis, a new modality of induced cell death dependent on reactive oxygen species, has drawn tremendous attention in the field of nanomedicine. A metal-free ferroptosis-apoptosis inducer was reported based on boron and nitrogen codoped graphdiyne (BN-GDY) that possesses efficient glutathione (GSH) depletion capability and concurrently induces ferroptosis by deactivation of GSH-dependent peroxidases 4 (GPX4) and apoptosis by downregulation of Bcl2. The high catalytic activity of BN-GDY is explicated by both kinetic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of Gibbs free energy change during hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition. In addition, a unique sequence Bi-Bi mechanism is discovered, which is distinct from the commonly reported ping-pong Bi-Bi mechanism of most peroxidase mimics and natural enzymes. We anticipate that this nonmetal ferroptosis-apoptosis therapeutic concept by carbon-based nanomaterials would provide proof-of-concept evidence for nanocatalytic medicines in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Ulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai GeneChem Company Limited, 332 New Edison Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Bai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ning Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Ulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
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36
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Revesz IA, Hickey SM, Sweetman MJ. Metal ion sensing with graphene quantum dots: detection of harmful contaminants and biorelevant species. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4346-4362. [PMID: 35616384 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are attractive materials for use as highly selective and sensitive chemical sensors, owing to their simple preparation and affordability. GQDs have been successfully deployed as sensors for toxic metal ions, which is a significant issue due to the ever-increasing environmental contamination from agricultural and industrial activities. Despite the success of GQDs in this area, the mechanisms which underpin GQD-metal ion specificity are rarely explored. This lack of information can result in difficulties when attempting to replicate published procedures and can limit the judicious design of new highly selective GQD sensors. Furthermore, there is a dearth of GQD examples which selectively detect biologically relevant alkali and alkaline earth metals. This review will present the current state of GQDs as metal ion sensors for harmful contaminants, highlighting and discussing the discrepancies that exist in the proposed mechanisms regarding metal ion selectivity. The emerging field of GQD sensors for biorelevant metal ion species will also be reviewed, with a perspective to the future of this highly versatile material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Revesz
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Martin J Sweetman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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37
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Deng S, Zhang E, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Zheng B, Mu X, Deng X, Shen H, Rong H, Pei D. In vivo toxicity assessment of four types of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using mRNA sequencing. Toxicol Lett 2022; 363:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shen Y, Wei Y, Zhu C, Cao J, Han DM. Ratiometric fluorescent signals-driven smartphone-based portable sensors for onsite visual detection of food contaminants. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Lee S, Park CS, Yoon H. Nanoparticulate Photoluminescent Probes for Bioimaging: Small Molecules and Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094949. [PMID: 35563340 PMCID: PMC9100005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in research on photoluminescent molecules due to their unique properties has played an important role in advancing the bioimaging field. In particular, small molecules and organic dots as probes have great potential for the achievement of bioimaging because of their desirable properties. In this review, we provide an introduction of probes consisting of fluorescent small molecules and polymers that emit light across the ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelength ranges, along with a brief summary of the most recent techniques for bioimaging. Since photoluminescence probes emitting light in different ranges have different goals and targets, their respective strategies also differ. Diverse and novel strategies using photoluminescence probes against targets have gradually been introduced in the related literature. Among recent papers (published within the last 5 years) on the topic, we here concentrate on the photophysical properties and strategies for the design of molecular probes, with key examples of in vivo photoluminescence research for practical applications. More in-depth studies on these probes will provide key insights into how to control the molecular structure and size/shape of organic probes for expanded bioimaging research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuck Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-1778
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40
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Zhao N, Gui X, Fang Q, Zhang R, Zhu W, Zhang H, Li Q, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Cui X, Gao G, Tang H, Shen N, Chen T, Song H, Shen W. Graphene quantum dots rescue angiogenic retinopathy via blocking STAT3/Periostin/ERK signaling. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:174. [PMID: 35366885 PMCID: PMC8977040 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological retinal angiogenesis resulting from a variety of ocular diseases including oxygen induced retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy and ocular vein occlusion, is one of the major reasons for vision loss, yet the therapeutic option is limited. Multiple nanoparticles have been reported to alleviate angiogenic retinopathy. However, the adverse effect cannot be ignored due to the relatively large scale. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown potential in drug delivery and have been proved biocompatible. In this study, Graphene quantum dots are extensively investigated for their application in angiogenic retinopathy therapy. Results We showed that GQDs were biocompatible nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo. The nanoparticles have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration, tube formation and sprouting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Further data show that GQDs could inhibit pathological retinal neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. The data of RNA sequencing suggested that periostin is involved in this process. GQDs inhibit the expression of periostin via STAT3, and further regulated cell cycle-related protein levels through ERK pathway. The signaling pathway was conformed in vivo using OIR mouse model. Conclusions The present study indicated that GQDs could be a biocompatible anti-angiogenic nanomedicine in the treatment of pathological retinal neovascularization via disrupting periostin/ERK pathway and subsequent cell cycle. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01362-4.
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Amino-functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and silver-graphene based nanocomposites: Ultrafast charge transfer and a proof-of-concept study for bioimaging applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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42
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Liang S, Ji L, Zhong Y, Wang T, Yang H, Li QL, Li X, Zhao S. Fluorescence immunoassay for the targeted determination of trace Listeria monocytogenes based on immunomagnetic separation and CdZnTe quantum dot indication. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1124-1133. [PMID: 35212322 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infections from invasive Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) frequently occur in food and can cause high morbidity and death. Thus, the sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of L. monocytogenes is critical for ensuring food safety and public health. Herein, a fluorescence immunoassay for trace L. monocytogenes detection was designed based on guinea pig antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs/pAb1) and rabbit antibody-anchored CdZnTe quantum dots (CdZnTe QDs/pAb2). Because of the antibody-directed magnetic separation and long-wave fluorescent emission for CdZnTe QD indication, the constructed immunoassay strategy presented excellent anti-interference performance toward a biological matrix. The immunosensor exhibited a wide detection range of 1 to 109 CFU mL-1 for L. monocytogenes and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1 CFU mL-1, achieving an exceptionally sensitive detection of trace L. monocytogenes. Meanwhile, the immunosensor showed good specificity and had a short time-consumption of 60 min to realize the accurate determination of trace Listeria monocytogenes in spiked tap water and pasteurized milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Li Y, Li J, Cao Y, Jiang P, Tang Y, Chen Z, Han K. A visual method for determination of hepatitis C virus RNAs based on a 3D nanocomposite prepared from graphene quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1203:339693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Color-tunable fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots derived from pineapple leaf fiber biomass to detect Hg2+. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Ma X, Dai Q, Wang X, Ge B, He H, Huang F. Spectroscopic investigation on the binding interactions between graphene quantum dots and carbonic anhydrase. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120369. [PMID: 34547684 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new member of the nanomaterials family, ultrasmall graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine, but the analysis of their biological effects at the molecular level is yet limited. Herein, carbonic anhydrase (CA) was selected as a model protein to assess the interactions between GQDs and biomacromolecules. A range of spectroscopic techniques were employed to systematically investigate the binding interactions between GQDs and CA and the catalytic function of CA in the presence of GQDs was evaluated. Experimental results showed that GQDs could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of CA and the concentration dependent quenching efficiency exhibited an obvious deviation from the linear plot, indicating a static binding mode. Further investigation suggested that van der Waal interactions and hydrogen bonding were the main driving forces. Additionally, circular dichroism measurement showed that the binding of GQDs induced slight conformational changes of CA. The catalytic capability assessment proved that these binding interactions resulted in the reduction of the biological functions of CA. This comprehensive study provided important insight into the interaction of GQDs with biomacromolecules, which would be crucial for the further applications of GQDs and other nanomaterials in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Qi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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Sangam S, Jindal S, Agarwal A, Banerjee BD, Prasad P, Mukherjee M. Graphene quantum dots-porphyrins/phthalocyanines multifunctional hybrid systems: from interfacial dialogue to applications. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1647-1679. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Engineered well-ordered hybrid nanomaterials are at a symbolically pivotal point, just ahead of a long-anticipated human race transformation. Incorporating newer carbon nanomaterials like graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with tetrapyrrolic porphyrins...
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47
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Shen J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Chen W, Zhao H, Liu X. Facile and green synthesis of carbon nanodots from environmental pollutants for cell imaging and Fe 3+ detection. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An economical and green approach has been provided to turn environmental pollutants into carbon nanodots for their potential applications in both bioimaging and Fe3+ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Shen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, 443007 Yichang, Hubei, China
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Ghaffarkhah A, Hosseini E, Kamkar M, Sehat AA, Dordanihaghighi S, Allahbakhsh A, van der Kuur C, Arjmand M. Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects of Graphene Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102683. [PMID: 34549513 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is one of the youngest superstars of the carbon family. Since its emergence in 2008, GQD has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique optoelectrical properties. Non-zero bandgap, the ability to accommodate functional groups and dopants, excellent dispersibility, highly tunable properties, and biocompatibility are among the most important characteristics of GQDs. To date, GQDs have displayed significant momentum in numerous fields such as energy devices, catalysis, sensing, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging. As this field is rapidly evolving, there is a strong need to identify the emerging challenges of GQDs in recent advances, mainly because some novel applications and numerous innovations on the ease of synthesis of GQDs are not systematically reviewed in earlier studies. This feature article provides a comparative and balanced discussion of recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of GQDs. Besides, current challenges and future prospects of these emerging carbon-based nanomaterials are also highlighted. The outlook provided in this review points out that the future of GQD research is boundless, particularly if upcoming studies focus on the ease of purification and eco-friendly synthesis along with improving the photoluminescence quantum yield and production yield of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ali Akbari Sehat
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sara Dordanihaghighi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmad Allahbakhsh
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Colin van der Kuur
- ZEN Graphene Solutions, 210-1205 Amber Dr., Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6M4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Zhu X, Yu J, Yan Y, Song W, Hai X. One-pot alkali cutting-assisted synthesis of fluorescence tunable amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots as a multifunctional nanosensor for sensing of pH and tannic acid. Talanta 2022; 236:122874. [PMID: 34635254 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a one-pot alkali cutting-assisted synthesis approach has been developed to gain fluorescence (FL) tunable amino functionalized GQDs (NH2-GQDs), which exhibit concentration- and excitation-dependent FL behaviors, due to the self-assembled J-type aggregation effect and different electronic transitions governed by graphene basal plane and functional groups. While NH2-GQDs possess brighter FL emission than pristine GQDs, owning to the functionalization of amino groups with strong electron withdrawing ability. Particularly, the pH-dependent FL behavior of NH2-GQDs further reflects the FL emission mechanism originated from the intrinsic zigzag sites and introduced amino and carboxylic groups, which is available for pH sensing. Moreover, the NH2-GQDs also show a FL quenching upon reaction with tannic acid (TA), resulting in the construction of a FL turn-off TA sensing platform. A good linear relationship is obtained between logarithm of FL intensity (log F) and TA concentration in a linear dynamic range of 1-40 μM and a limit of detection of 43.3 nM (3σ/s, n = 9) is achieved, with a precision of 0.08% RSD at a concentration level of 5 μM (n = 9). This work features a simple and direct approach to acquire multifunctional nanosensor, providing great potential for further applications in chem/biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yongcun Yan
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Weiling Song
- Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Xin Hai
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Tade RS, Patil PO. Fabrication of Poly-l-lysine-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots for the Label-Free Fluorescent-Based Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:470-483. [PMID: 34967597 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of tumor biomarkers is an attentive approach for the early detection and treatment of cancer. However, a cost-effective, simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive method is a basic prerequisite for diagnostic research. Herein, we present a novel fluorescence-based label-free sensing strategy for the sensitive and selective detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using poly-l-lysine (PLL)-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The GQDs were synthesized using a greener method by employing carbonized peanut shell (PNS) waste as a carbon source, and functionalization was accomplished using PLL (PLL-GQDs). The fluorescence stability of the PLL-GQDs was tested in a variety of solvent systems and pH solutions. When compared to nonfunctionalized GQDs (PNS-GQDs), prepared PLL-GQDs demonstrated increased fluorescence lifetime, high quantum yield, excellent photostability, biocompatibility, and greater cellular uptake. The PLL-GQDs with abundant surface amine and carboxylic groups showed selective interactions with an activated CEA antibody (CEA-Ab), resulting in the quenching of fluorescence signals. Because of the strong bioaffinity of CEA to the CEA-Ab, the antibody was unwrapped, resulting in the formation of an antibody-antigen complex and the recovery of fluorescence. As a result of this relationship, a turn "on-off-on" sensing mechanism with a strong response to CEA concentration (0.01 ng mL-1 to 100 μg mL-1) and a detection limit of 1.19 pg mL-1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, the fabricated CEA immunosensor (CEA-Ab@PLL-GQDs) performed admirably in real sample analysis, with an average recovery of 98.32%. The cellular uptake performance of PLL-GQDs was also demonstrated in the A427 cell lines, exhibiting a greater cellular uptake potential than PNS-GQDs. The cellular bioimaging study demonstrates that PLL-GQDs can be used for additional therapeutic and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shankar Tade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin Onkar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
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