1
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Wei X, Song Y, Lv C, Li W, Zhu L, Lan Y, Du Y, Wang K, Yin P, Lin C, Lin Z, Bai Y, Chen Q, Yang S, Chen H. Deploying a Dipole Electric Field at the CsPbI 3 Perovskite/Carbon Interface for Enhancing Hole Extraction and Photovoltaic Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402061. [PMID: 38805742 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells without hole transporter (C-PSCs) have achieved intense attention due to its simple device structure and high chemical stability. However, the severe interface energy loss at the CsPbI3/carbon interface, attributed to the lower hole selectivity for inefficient charge separation, greatly limits device performance. Hence, dipole electric field (DEF) is deployed at the above interface to address the above issue by using a pole molecule, 4-trifluoromethyl-Phenylammonium iodide (CF3-PAI), in which the ─NH3 group anchors on the perovskite surface and the ─CF3 group extends away from it and connects with carbon electrode. The DEF is proven to align with the built-in electric field, that is pointing toward carbon electrode, which well enhances hole selectivity and charge separation at the interface. Besides, CF3-PAI molecules also serve as defect passivator for reducing trap state density, which further suppresses defect-induced non-radiative recombination. Consequently, the CsPbI3 C-PSCs achieve an excellent efficiency of 18.33% with a high VOC of 1.144 V for inorganic C-PSCs without hole transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongfa Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunyu Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weiping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yisha Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yujiang Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kexiang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Penggang Yin
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changqing Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zedong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haining Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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2
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Huang X, Wang X, Zou Y, An M, Wang Y. The Renaissance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a Promising Hole-Transporting Material Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400874. [PMID: 38794876 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
To push the commercialization of the promising photovoltaic technique of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the three-element golden law of efficiency, stability, and cost should be followed. As the key component of PSCs, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) involving widely-used organic semiconductors such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) usually suffer high-cost preparation and low operational stability. Fortunately, the studies on the classical p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an alternative HTM have recently sparked a broad interest due to its low-cost synthesis, excellent batch-to-batch purity, superior hole conductivity as well as controllable and stable film morphology. Despite this, the device efficiency still lags behind P3HT-based PSCs mainly owing to the mismatched energy level and poor interfacial contact between P3HT and the perovskite layer. Hence, in this review, the study timely summarizes the developed strategies for overcoming the corresponding issues such as interface engineering, morphology regulation, and formation of composite HTMs from which some critical clues can be extracted to provide guidance for further boosting the efficiency and stability of P3HT-based devices. Finally, in the outlook, the future research directions either from the viewpoint of material design or device engineering are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Xuran Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yaqing Zou
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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3
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Wang H, Zhang Q, Lin Z, Liu H, Wei X, Song Y, Lv C, Li W, Zhu L, Wang K, Cui Z, Wang L, Lin C, Yin P, Song T, Bai Y, Chen Q, Yang S, Chen H. Spatially selective defect management of CsPbI 3 films for high-performance carbon-based inorganic perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1050-1060. [PMID: 38341351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Defects formed at the surface, buried interface and grain boundaries (GB) of CsPbI3 perovskite films considerably limit photovoltaic performance. Such defects could be passivated effectively by the most prevalent post modification strategy without compromising the photoelectric properties of perovskite films, but it is still a great challenge to make this strategy comprehensive to different defects spatially distributed throughout the films. Herein, a spatially selective defect management (SSDM) strategy is developed to roundly passivate various defects at different locations within the perovskite film by a facile one-step treatment procedure using a piperazine-1,4-diium tetrafluoroborate (PZD(BF4)2) solution. The small-size PZD2+ cations could penetrate into the film interior and even make it all the way to the buried interface of CsPbI3 perovskite films, while the BF4- anions, with largely different properties from I- anions, mainly anchor on the film surface. Consequently, virtually all the defects at the surface, buried interface and grain boundaries of CsPbI3 perovskite films are effectively healed, leading to significantly improved film quality, enhanced phase stability, optimized energy level alignment and promoted carrier transport. With these films, the fabricated CsPbI3 PSCs based on carbon electrode (C-PSCs) achieve an efficiency of 18.27%, which is among the highest-reported values for inorganic C-PSCs, and stability of 500 h at 85 °C with 65% efficiency maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zedong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongfa Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunyu Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kexiang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenhua Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Changqing Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Penggang Yin
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Haining Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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4
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Cheng F, Cao F, Ru Fan F, Wu B. Promotion Strategies of Hole Transport Materials by Electronic and Steric Controls for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200340. [PMID: 35377527 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a requisite role in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of HTMs, such as hole extraction efficiency, chemical compatibility, film morphology, ion migration barrier, and so on, significantly affect PSCs' power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities. Up till now, researchers have devoted much attention to developing new types of HTMs as well as promoting pristine HTMs using numerous strategies. In this Review, we summarize the design strategies of various common HTMs for n-i-p PSCs are comprehensively discussed from two separate aspects (additive and non-additive engineering). Additive engineering generally tunes electronic properties of HTMs while non-additive engineering basically modifies their steric structures. Critical analysis and comparison between these design strategies are provided, considering the overall PCEs and stabilities of PSCs. Finally, a brief perspective on future promising design strategies for HTMs is given, in order to fabricate efficient and stable n-i-p devices for the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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5
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Vasilopoulou M, Soultati A, Filippatos PP, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Nazeeruddin MK, Palilis LC. Charge transport materials for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2022; 10:11063-11104. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tc00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An overview on recent advances in the fundamental understanding of how interfaces of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (mp-PSCs) with different architectures, upon incorporating various charge transport layers, influence their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Petros-Panagis Filippatos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohhamad Khadja Nazeeruddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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6
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Cheng F, He R, Nie S, Zhang C, Yin J, Li J, Zheng N, Wu B. Perovskite Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Interlayers in Perovskite Solar Cells with Dopant-Free Organic Hole Transporting Layers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5855-5866. [PMID: 33835780 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with organic hole transporting layers (o-HTLs) have been widely studied due to their convenient solution processing, but it remains a big challenge to improve the hole mobilities of commercially available organic hole transporting materials without ion doping while maintaining the stability of PSCs. In this work, we demonstrated that the introduction of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as interlayers between perovskite layers and dopant-free o-HTLs (P3HT, PTAA, Spiro-OMeTAD) resulted in a significantly enhanced performance of PSCs. The universal role of QDs in improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs was validated, exceeding that of lithium doping. After a deep examination of the mechanism, QD interlayers provided the multifunctional roles as follows: (1) passivating the perovskite surface to reduce the overall amount of trap states; (2) promoting hole extraction from perovskite to dopant-free o-HTLs by forming cascade energy levels; (3) improving hole mobilities of dopant-free o-HTLs by regulating their polymer/molecule orientation. What is more, the thermal/moisture/light stabilities of dopant-free o-HTLs-based PSCs were greatly improved with QD interlayers. Finally, we demonstrated the reliability of the QD interlayers by fabricating large-area solar modules with dopant-free o-HTLs, showing great potential in commercial usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruiqin He
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Siqing Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chongjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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7
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Crystal Engineering Approach for Fabrication of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell in Ambient Conditions. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14061751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the high potentialities of pristine single-cation and mixed cation/anion perovskite solar cells (PSC) fabricated by sequential method deposition in p-i-n planar architecture (ITO/NiOX/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag) in ambient conditions. We applied the crystal engineering approach for perovskite deposition to control the quality and crystallinity of the light-harvesting film. The formation of a full converted and uniform perovskite absorber layer from poriferous pre-film on a planar hole transporting layer (HTL) is one of the crucial factors for the fabrication of high-performance PSCs. We show that the in-air sequential deposited MAPbI3-based PSCs on planar nickel oxide (NiOX) permitted to obtain a Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) exceeding 14% while the (FA,MA,Cs)Pb(I,Br)3-based PSC achieved 15.6%. In this paper we also compared the influence of transporting layers on the cell performance by testing material depositions quantity and thickness (for hole transporting layer), and conditions of deposition processes (for electron transporting layer). Moreover, we optimized second step of perovskite deposition by varying the dipping time of substrates into the MA(I,Br) solution. We have shown that the layer by layer deposition of the NiOx is the key point to improve the efficiency for inverted perovskite solar cell out of glove-box using sequential deposition method, increasing the relative efficiency of +26% with respect to reference cells.
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8
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Mardi S, Yusupov K, Martinez PM, Zakhidov A, Vomiero A, Reale A. Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through the Incorporation of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest and Chemical Treatments. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1073-1082. [PMID: 33490766 PMCID: PMC7818073 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube/polymer composites have recently received considerable attention for thermoelectric (TE) applications. The TE power factor can be significantly improved by forming composites with carbon nanotubes. However, the formation of a uniform and well-ordered nanocomposite film is still challenging because of the creation of agglomerates and the uneven distribution of nanotubes. Here, we developed a facile, efficient, and easy-processable route to produce uniform and aligned nanocomposite films of P3HT and carbon nanotube forest (CNTF). The electrical conductivity of a pristine P3HT film was improved from ∼10-7 to 160 S/cm thanks to the presence of CNTF. Also, a further boost in TE performance was achieved using two additives, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and tert-butylpyridine. By adding the additives to P3HT, the degree of interchain order increased, which facilitated the charge transport through the composite. Under the optimal conditions, the incorporation of CNTF and additives led to values of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor up to rising 92 μV/K, 130 S/cm, and 110 μW/m K2, respectively, at a temperature of 344.15 K. The excellent TE performance of the hybrid films originates from the dramatically increased electrical conductivity and the improved Seebeck coefficient by CNTF and additives, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mardi
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar
Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Khabib Yusupov
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 LuleÅ, Sweden
| | - Patricia M. Martinez
- NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anvar Zakhidov
- NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Alberto Vomiero
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 LuleÅ, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’
Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Reale
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar
Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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9
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Di Giacomo F, Castriotta LA, Kosasih FU, Di Girolamo D, Ducati C, Di Carlo A. Upscaling Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Optimization of Laser Scribing for Highly Efficient Mini-Modules. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1127. [PMID: 33419276 PMCID: PMC7767295 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The upscaling of perovskite solar cells is one of the challenges that must be addressed to pave the way toward the commercial development of this technology. As for other thin-film photovoltaic technologies, upscaling requires the fabrication of modules composed of series-connected cells. In this work we demonstrate for the first time the interconnection of inverted modules with NiOx using a UV ns laser, obtaining a 10.2 cm2 minimodule with a 15.9% efficiency on the active area, the highest for a NiOx based perovskite module. We use optical microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transfer length measurement to optimize the interconnection. The results are implemented in a complete electrical simulation of the cell-to-module losses to evaluate the experimental results and to provide an outlook on further development of single junction and multijunction perovskite modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Giacomo
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi A. Castriotta
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Felix U. Kosasih
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK; (F.U.K.); (C.D.)
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering, University if Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Fuorigrotta, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK; (F.U.K.); (C.D.)
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- LASE–Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky Ave. 6, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Polymer/Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13082059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the search for improvements in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), several different aspects are currently being addressed, including an increase in the stability and a reduction in the hysteresis. Both are mainly achieved by improving the cell structure, employing new materials or novel cell arrangements. We introduce a hysteresis-free low-temperature planar PSC, composed of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/CuSCN bilayer as a hole transport layer (HTL) and a mixed cation perovskite absorber. Proper adjustment of the precursor concentration and thickness of the HTL led to a homogeneous and dense HTL on the perovskite layer. This strategy not only eliminated the hysteresis of the photocurrent, but also permitted power conversion efficiencies exceeding 15.3%. The P3HT/CuSCN bilayer strategy markedly improved the life span and stability of the non-encapsulated PSCs under atmospheric conditions and accelerated thermal stress. The device retained more than 80% of its initial efficiency after 100 h (60% after 500 h) of continuous thermal stress under ambient conditions. The performance and durability of the PSCs employing a polymer/inorganic bilayer as the HTL are improved mainly due to restraining perovskite ions, metals, and halides migration, emphasizing the pivotal role that can be played by the interface in the perovskite-additive hole transport materials (HTM) stack.
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Influence of Chloride/Iodide Ratio in MAPbI3-xClx Perovskite Solar Devices: Case of Low Temperature Processable AZO Sub-Layer. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant current challenge for perovskite solar technology is succeeding in designing devices all by low temperature processes. This could help for both rigid devices industrialisation and flexible devices development. The depositions of nanoparticles from colloidal suspensions consequently emerge as attractive approaches, especially due to their potential for low temperature curing not only for the photoactive perovskite layer but also for charge transporting layers. Here, NIP solar cells based on aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) electron transport layer were fabricated using a low temperature compatible process for AZO deposition. For the extensively studied perovskites based on methylammonium lead halides (MAPbI3-xClx), the chloride/iodide equation is widely proposed to follow an optimal value corresponding to an introduced MAI:PbCl2 ratio of 3:1. However, the perovskite formulation should be considered as a key parameter for the optimization of power conversion efficiency when exploring new perovskite sub-layers. We here propose a systematic method for the structural determination of the optimal ratio. It may depend on the sublayer and results from structural changes around the optimal value. The functional properties gradually increase with the addition of chlorine as long as it remains intercalated in a single phase. Above the optimal ratio, the appearance of two phases degrades the system.
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Abstract
The conversion of solar energy into electricity via the photovoltaic (PV) effect has been rapidly developing in the last decades due to its potential for transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy based economies. In particular, the advances in PV technology and on the economy of scale permitted to reduce the cost of the energy produced with solar cells down to the energy cost of conventional fossil fuel. Thus, PV will play an important role to address the biggest challenges of our planet including global warming, climate change and air pollution. In this paper, we will introduce the photovoltaic technology recalling the working principle of the photovoltaic conversion and describing the different PV available on the market and under development. In the last section, we will focus more on the emerging technology of the halide perovskite, which is the research subject of the authors.
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