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Ullah F, Ibrahim K, Mistry K, Samad A, Shahin A, Sanderson J, Musselman K. WS 2 and WS 2-ZnO Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: The Role of Analyte Charge Asymmetry and Molecular Size. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1630-1638. [PMID: 36926856 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction of various analytes (toluene, acetone, ethanol, and water) possessing different structures, bonding, and molecular sizes with a laser-exfoliated WS2 sensing material in a chemiresistive sensor. The sensor showed a clear response to all analytes, which was significantly enhanced by modifying the WS2 surface. This was achieved by creating WS2-ZnO heterojunctions via the deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on the WS2 surface with a high-throughput, atmospheric-pressure spatial atomic layer deposition system. Water and ethanol produced a much higher response compared to acetone and toluene for both the WS2 and WS2-ZnO sensing mediums. We resolved that the charge-asymmetry points in analyte molecules play a key role in determining the sensor response. High charge-asymmetry points correspond to highly polar bonds (HPBs) in a neutral molecule that have a high probability of interaction with the sensing medium. Our results indicate that the polarity of the HPBs primarily dictates the interaction between the analyte and sensing medium and consequently controls the response of the sensor. Moreover, the size of the analyte molecule was found to affect the sensing response; if two molecules have the same HPBs and are exposed to the same sensing medium, the smaller molecule is likely to produce a higher and faster response. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of analyte-sensor interactions that can help in advancing semiconductor gas sensors, including those based on two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Khaled Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kissan Mistry
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abdus Samad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 517055, China
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joseph Sanderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kevin Musselman
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Zhao L, Liu Z, Chen D, Liu F, Yang Z, Li X, Yu H, Liu H, Zhou W. Laser Synthesis and Microfabrication of Micro/Nanostructured Materials Toward Energy Conversion and Storage. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:49. [PMID: 34138243 PMCID: PMC8187667 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are known to exhibit a number of interesting physical and chemical properties for various applications, including energy conversion and storage, nanoscale electronics, sensors and actuators, photonics devices and even for biomedical purposes. In the past decade, laser as a synthetic technique and laser as a microfabrication technique facilitated nanomaterial preparation and nanostructure construction, including the laser processing-induced carbon and non-carbon nanomaterials, hierarchical structure construction, patterning, heteroatom doping, sputtering etching, and so on. The laser-induced nanomaterials and nanostructures have extended broad applications in electronic devices, such as light-thermal conversion, batteries, supercapacitors, sensor devices, actuators and electrocatalytic electrodes. Here, the recent developments in the laser synthesis of carbon-based and non-carbon-based nanomaterials are comprehensively summarized. An extensive overview on laser-enabled electronic devices for various applications is depicted. With the rapid progress made in the research on nanomaterial preparation through laser synthesis and laser microfabrication technologies, laser synthesis and microfabrication toward energy conversion and storage will undergo fast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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