1
|
Zhou X, Liu X, Gu Z. Photoresist Development for 3D Printing of Conductive Microstructures via Two-Photon Polymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409326. [PMID: 39397334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of electronic devices necessitates the development of three-dimensional (3D) high-precision conductive microstructures, which have extensive applications in bio-electronic interfaces, soft robots, and electronic skins. Two-photon polymerization (TPP) based 3D printing is a critical technique that offers unparalleled fabrication resolution in 3D space for intricate conductive structures. While substantial progress has been made in this field, this review summarizes recent advances in the 3D printing of conductive microstructures via TPP, mainly focusing on the essential criteria of photoresist resins suitable for TPP. Further preparation strategies of these photoresists and methods for constructing 3D conductive microstructures via TPP are discussed. The application prospects of 3D conductive microstructures in various fields are discussed, highlighting the imperative to advance their additive manufacturing technology. Finally, strategic recommendations are offered to enhance the construction of 3D conductive microstructures using TPP, addressing prevailing challenges and fostering significant advancements in manufacturing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiaojiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Q, Jia L, Li P, Zhang T, Silang Q, Xie X, Wang S. Boosting the integration of cell membrane-nanomaterial hybrids via dextran-mediated dynamic dispersion system to capture bioactive compounds in natural products. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2016-2024. [PMID: 36756853 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient integration is a prerequisite for the application of cell membrane-nanomaterial hybrids (CN hybrids) in bioanalysis, however, the poor dispersity of nanomaterials limits the development of this technology. Although the traditional hydrophilic modification method could improve the dispersity of nanomaterials, it would hinder the coating of the cell membrane, thus making it unsuitable for the integration of CN hybrids. Herein, a method has been proposed to improve the integration efficiency of CN hybrids from a different perspective, that is, establishing a dynamic dispersion system to enhance the interfacial interaction between cell membranes and nanomaterials. Specifically, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) nanosheets were used as the model carrier and HepG2 cells were used as the source for membrane coating. The addition of the macromolecular stabilizer dextran to the integration process enhanced the dispersity of MGO and avoided the resistance to membrane coating caused by surface modification. Intriguingly, MGO in the dynamic dispersion system showed superior membrane coating ability as compared to hydrophilic modification methods, resulting in the more efficient integration of CN hybrids and greater sensitivity in capturing bioactive compounds from natural products. The proposed design principle provides a brand-new perspective for optimizing the behavior of CN hybrids and can improve the effectiveness of CN hybrids in bioanalytical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Peishan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Quzha Silang
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silveri F, Della Pelle F, Rojas D, Bukhari QUA, Ferraro G, Fratini E, Compagnone D. (+)-Catechin-assisted graphene production by sonochemical exfoliation in water. A new redox-active nanomaterial for electromediated sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:369. [PMID: 34618244 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new green and effective sonochemical liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is proposed wherein a flavonoid compound, catechin (CT), promotes the formation of conductive, redox-active, water-phase stable graphene nanoflakes (GF). To maximize the GF-CT redox activity, the CT concentration and sonication time have been studied, and the best performing nanomaterial-fraction selected. Physicochemical and electrochemical methods have been employed to characterize the morphological, structural, and electrochemical features of the GF-CT nanoflakes. The obtained GF intercalated with CT exhibits fully reversible electrochemistry (ΔEp = 28 mV, ipa/ipc = ⁓1) because of the catecholic adducts. GF-CT-integrated electrochemistry was generated directly during LPE of graphite, with no need of graphene oxide production, nor activation steps, electropolymerization, or ex-post functionalization. The GF-CT electro-mediator ability has been proven towards hydrazine (HY) and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by simply drop-casting the redox-material onto screen-printed electrodes. GF-CT-based electrodes by using amperometry exhibited high sensitivity and extended linear ranges (HY: LOD = 0.1 µM, L.R. 0.5-150 µM; NADH: LOD = 0.6 µM, L.R. 2.5-200 µM) at low overpotential (+ 0.15 V) with no electrode fouling. The GF-CT electrodes are performing significantly better than commercial graphite electrodes and graphene nanoflakes exfoliated with a conventional surfactant, such as sodium cholate. Recoveries of 94-107% with RSD ≤ 8% (n = 3) for determination of HY and NADH in environmental and biological samples were achieved, proving the material functionality also in challenging analytical media. The presented GF-CT is a new functional redox-active material obtainable with a single-pot sustainable strategy, exhibiting standout properties particularly prone to (bio)sensors and cutting-edge device development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Silveri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Qurat Ul Ain Bukhari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ferraro
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|