1
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Li Y, Li Z, Misra RP, Liang C, Gillen AJ, Zhao S, Abdullah J, Laurence T, Fagan JA, Aluru N, Blankschtein D, Noy A. Molecular transport enhancement in pure metallic carbon nanotube porins. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1123-1130. [PMID: 38937586 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Nanofluidic channels impose extreme confinement on water and ions, giving rise to unusual transport phenomena strongly dependent on the interactions at the channel-wall interface. Yet how the electronic properties of the nanofluidic channels influence transport efficiency remains largely unexplored. Here we measure transport through the inner pores of sub-1 nm metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotube porins. We find that water and proton transport are enhanced in metallic nanotubes over semiconducting nanotubes, whereas ion transport is largely insensitive to the nanotube bandgap value. Molecular simulations using polarizable force fields highlight the contributions of the anisotropic polarizability tensor of the carbon nanotubes to the ion-nanotube interactions and the water friction coefficient. We also describe the origin of the proton transport enhancement in metallic nanotubes using deep neural network molecular dynamics simulations. These results emphasize the complex role of the electronic properties of nanofluidic channels in modulating transport under extreme nanoscale confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chenxing Liang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alice J Gillen
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Vivani Medical Inc., Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sidi Zhao
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jobaer Abdullah
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ted Laurence
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
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2
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Peng Z, Iwabuchi S, Izumi K, Takiguchi S, Yamaji M, Fujita S, Suzuki H, Kambara F, Fukasawa G, Cooney A, Di Michele L, Elani Y, Matsuura T, Kawano R. Lipid vesicle-based molecular robots. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:996-1029. [PMID: 38239102 PMCID: PMC10898420 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A molecular robot, which is a system comprised of one or more molecular machines and computers, can execute sophisticated tasks in many fields that span from nanomedicine to green nanotechnology. The core parts of molecular robots are fairly consistent from system to system and always include (i) a body to encapsulate molecular machines, (ii) sensors to capture signals, (iii) computers to make decisions, and (iv) actuators to perform tasks. This review aims to provide an overview of approaches and considerations to develop molecular robots. We first introduce the basic technologies required for constructing the core parts of molecular robots, describe the recent progress towards achieving higher functionality, and subsequently discuss the current challenges and outlook. We also highlight the applications of molecular robots in sensing biomarkers, signal communications with living cells, and conversion of energy. Although molecular robots are still in their infancy, they will unquestionably initiate massive change in biomedical and environmental technology in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zugui Peng
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Shoji Iwabuchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Kayano Izumi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Takiguchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Misa Yamaji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Shoko Fujita
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Harune Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Fumika Kambara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Genki Fukasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Aileen Cooney
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lorenzo Di Michele
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Tomoaki Matsuura
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
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3
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Jain A, Gosling J, Liu S, Wang H, Stone EM, Chakraborty S, Jayaraman PS, Smith S, Amabilino DB, Fromhold M, Long YT, Pérez-García L, Turyanska L, Rahman R, Rawson FJ. Wireless electrical-molecular quantum signalling for cancer cell apoptosis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:106-114. [PMID: 37709951 PMCID: PMC10796273 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum biological tunnelling for electron transfer is involved in controlling essential functions for life such as cellular respiration and homoeostasis. Understanding and controlling the quantum effects in biology has the potential to modulate biological functions. Here we merge wireless nano-electrochemical tools with cancer cells for control over electron transfer to trigger cancer cell death. Gold bipolar nanoelectrodes functionalized with redox-active cytochrome c and a redox mediator zinc porphyrin are developed as electric-field-stimulating bio-actuators, termed bio-nanoantennae. We show that a remote electrical input regulates electron transport between these redox molecules, which results in quantum biological tunnelling for electron transfer to trigger apoptosis in patient-derived cancer cells in a selective manner. Transcriptomics data show that the electric-field-induced bio-nanoantenna targets the cancer cells in a unique manner, representing electrically induced control of molecular signalling. The work shows the potential of quantum-based medical diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Jain
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Gosling
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shaochuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Eloise M Stone
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stuart Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - David B Amabilino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Fromhold
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Zhou H, Li W, Yu P. Carbon Nanotubes-Based Nanofluidic Devices: Fabrication, Property and Application. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200126. [PMID: 36351756 PMCID: PMC9646450 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanofluidics, more and more unexpected behaviors and bizarre properties have been discovered, which brings more possibility to solve the water and energy problem. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with nanoscale diameter and ultrasmooth hydrophobic surface provide strong confinement and unusual water-carbon couple which lead to many exotic properties, such as flow enhancement, strong ion exclusion, ultrafast proton transport and phase transition. This article reviews the recent progresses of CNT-based nanofluidic devices in fabrication, property, and applications. Moreover, challenges and opportunities of the CNT-based nanofluidic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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5
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Xu QD, Zeng C, Su SD, He Y, Liu Y, Hu SM, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Investigation of the electron transfer properties between metal centers in binuclear and trinuclear cyanido-bridged mixed valence complexes with cis/ trans-configuration. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13938-13948. [PMID: 36040443 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the electron transfer properties between metal centers and their influencing factors in binuclear and trinuclear cyanido-bridged mixed valence complexes with cis/trans-configuration, binuclear cis-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(5,5'-dmbpy)2(μ-CN)][PF6]n (cis-1[PF6]n, n = 1, 2) and trinuclear cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(5,5'-dmbpy)2(μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]n (cis/trans-2[PF6]n, n = 2, 3, 4) (Cp = 1,3-cyclopentadiene, dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 5,5'-dmbpy = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl) cyanido-bridged complexes were synthesized and well characterized. The experimental results indicate that the presence of the other terminal fragment Cp(dppe)FeIII in cis-2[PF6]4 results in higher MMCT energy than that of cis-1[PF6]2. In addition, the trans-configuration is more conducive to electron transfer between metal centers than the cis-configuration in trinuclear cyanido-bridged mixed valence complexes. Moreover, these mixed valence complexes cis-1[PF6]2 and cis/trans-2[PF6]n (n = 3, 4) could be assigned to Class II systems according to Robin and Day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
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6
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Xu QD, Ma X, Zeng C, Su SD, Hu SM, Huang YY, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Effects of cis/trans-Configuration and Ligand Substitution of the Cyanidometal Bridge on Metal to Metal Charge Transfer Properties in Mixed Valence Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104486. [PMID: 35347776 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of cis/trans-configuration of the cyanidometal bridge and the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge on metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) in cyanidometal-bridged mixed valence compounds, two groups of trinuclear cyanidometal-bridged compounds cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(4,4'-dmbpy)2 (μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6 ]n (n=2 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]2 ), 3 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]3 ), 4 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]4 )) and cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(bpy)2 (μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6 ]3 (cis/trans-2[PF6 ]3 ) were synthesized and fully characterized. The experimental results indicate that for these one- and two-electron oxidation mixed valence compounds, the trans-configuration compounds are more beneficial for MMCT than the cis-configuration compounds, and increasing the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge is also conductive to MMCT. Moreover, compounds cis/trans-1[PF6 ]n (n=3, 4) and cis/trans-2[PF6 ]3 belong to localized compounds by analyzing the experimental characterization results, supported by the TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
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