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Sun S, Li S, Feng W, Luo J, Russell TP, Shi S. Reconfigurable droplet networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1058. [PMID: 38316759 PMCID: PMC10844234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Droplet networks stabilized by lipid interfacial bilayers or colloidal particles have been extensively investigated in recent years and are of great interest for compartmentalized reactions and biological functions. However, current design strategies are disadvantaged by complex preparations and limited droplet size. Here, by using the assembly and jamming of cucurbit[8]uril surfactants at the oil-water interface, we show a novel means of preparing droplet networks that are multi-responsive, reconfigurable, and internally connected over macroscopic distances. Openings between the droplets enable the exchange of matter, affording a platform for chemical reactions and material synthesis. Our work requires only a manual compression to construct complex patterns of droplet networks, underscoring the simplicity of this strategy and the range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Shuailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqiu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Shaowei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Gao Y, Gao C, Fan Y, Sun H, Du J. Physically and Chemically Compartmentalized Polymersomes for Programmed Delivery and Biological Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5511-5538. [PMID: 37933444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Multicompartment polymersomes (MCPs) refer to polymersomes that not only contain one single compartment, either in the membrane or in the internal cavity, but also mimic the compartmentalized structure of living cells, attracting much attention in programmed delivery and biological applications. The investigation of MCPs may promote the application of soft nanomaterials in biomedicine. This Review seeks to highlight the recent advances of the design principles, synthetic strategies, and biomedical applications of MCPs. The compartmentalization types including chemical, physical, and hybrid compartmentalization are discussed. Subsequently, the design and controlled synthesis of MCPs by the self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers, double emulsification, coprecipitation, microfluidics and particle assembly, etc. are summarized. Furthermore, the diverse applications of MCPs in programmed delivery of various cargoes and biological applications including cancer therapy, antimicrobials, and regulation of blood glucose levels are highlighted. Finally, future perspectives of MCPs from the aspects of controlled synthesis and applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yirong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Hao R, Zhang M, Tian D, Lei F, Qin Z, Wu T, Yang H. Bottom-Up Synthesis of Multicompartmentalized Microreactors for Continuous Flow Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20319-20327. [PMID: 37676729 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up assembly of biomimetic multicompartmentalized microreactors for use in continuous flow catalysis remains a grand challenge because of the structural instability or the absence of liquid microenvironments to host biocatalysts in the existing systems. Here, we address this challenge using a strategy that combines stepwise Pickering emulsification with interface-confined cross-linking. Our strategy allows for the fabrication of robust multicompartmentalized liquid-containing microreactors (MLMs), whose interior architectures can be exquisitely tuned in a bottom-up fashion. With this strategy, enzymes and metal catalysts can be separately confined in distinct subcompartments of MLMs for processing biocatalysis or chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions. As exemplified by the enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols, our systems exhibit a durability of 2000 h with 99% enantioselectivity. Another Pd-enzyme-cocatalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of amines further demonstrates the versatility and long-term operational stability of our MLMs in continuous flow cascade catalysis. This study opens up a new way to design efficient biomimetic multicompartmental microreactors for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Hao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Danping Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fu Lei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhiqin Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Wang Y, Sun L, Chen G, Chen H, Zhao Y. Structural Color Ionic Hydrogel Patches for Wound Management. ACS NANO 2022; 17:1437-1447. [PMID: 36512760 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic hydrogels have attracted extensive attention because of their wide applicability in electronic skins, biosensors, and other biomedical areas. Tremendous effort is dedicated to developing ionic hydrogels with improved detection accuracy and multifunctionality. Herein, we present an inverse opal scaffold-based structural color ionic hydrogel with the desired features as intelligent patches for wound management. The patches were composed of a polyacrylamide-poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyethylenimine-lithium chloride (PAM-PVA-PEI-LiCl) inverse opal scaffold and a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mixed methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel filler surface. The scaffold imparted the composite patches with brilliant structural color, conductive property, and freezing resistance, while the VEGF-GelMA surface could not only prevent the ionic hydrogel from the interference of complex wound conditions but also contribute to the cell proliferation and tissue repair in the wounds. Thus, the hydrogel patches could serve as electronic skins for in vivo wound healing and monitoring with high accuracy and reliability. These features indicate that the proposed structural color ionic hydrogel patches have great potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325001, China
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Duan M, Zhu X, Shan X, Wang H, Chen S, Liu J. Responsive Liquid Metal Droplets: From Bulk to Nano. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1289. [PMID: 35457997 PMCID: PMC9026530 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Droplets exist widely in nature and play an extremely important role in a broad variety of industrial processes. Typical droplets, including water and oil droplets, have received extensive attention and research, however their single properties still cannot meet diverse needs. Fortunately, liquid metal droplets emerging in recent years possess outstanding properties, including large surface tension, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, convenient chemical processing, easy transition between liquid and solid phase state, and large-scale deformability, etc. More interestingly, liquid metal droplets with unique features can respond to external factors, including the electronic field, magnetic field, acoustic field, chemical field, temperature, and light, exhibiting extraordinary intelligent response characteristics. Their development over the past decade has brought substantial breakthroughs and progress. To better promote the advancement of this field, the present article is devoted to systematically summarizing and analyzing the recent fundamental progress of responsive liquid metal droplets, not only involving droplet characteristics and preparation methods, but also focusing on their diverse response behaviors and mechanisms. On this basis, the challenges and prospects related to the following development of liquid metal droplets are also proposed. In the future, responsive liquid metal droplets with a rapid development trend are expected to play a key role in soft robots, biomedicine, smart matter, and a variety of other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.D.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.D.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.D.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongzhang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.D.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.D.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.D.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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