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Ramacciotti F, Sciutto G, Cazals L, Biagini D, Reale S, Degano I, Focarete ML, Mazzeo R, Thoury M, Bertrand L, Gualandi C, Prati S. Microporous electrospun nonwovens combined with green solvents for the selective peel-off of thin coatings from painting surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:869-879. [PMID: 38447401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, significant research efforts have been devoted to developing new cleaning systems aimed at preserving cultural heritage. One of the main objectives is to selectively remove aged or undesirable coatings from painted surfaces while preventing the cleaning solvent from permeating and engaging with the pictorial layers. In this work, we propose the use of electrospun polyamide 6,6 nonwovens in conjunction with a green solvent (dimethyl carbonate). By adjusting the electrospinning parameters, we produced three distinct nonwovens with varying average fiber diameters, ranging from 0.4 μm to 2 μm. These samples were characterized and tested for their efficacy in removing dammar varnish from painted surfaces. In particular, the cleaning process was monitored using macroscale PL (photoluminescence) imaging in real-time, while post-application examination of the mats was performed through scanning electron microscopy. The solvent evaporation rate from the different nonwovens was evaluated using gravimetric analysis and Proton Transfer Reaction- Time-of-Flight. It was observed that the application of the nonwovens with small or intermediate pore sizes for the removal of the terpenic varnish resulted in the swollen resin being absorbed into the mats, showcasing a peel-off effect. Thus, this protocol eliminates the need for further potentially detrimental removal procedures involving cotton swabs. The experimental data suggests that the peel-off effect relates to the microporosity of the mats, which enhances the capillary rise of the swollen varnish. Furthermore, the application of these systems to historical paintings underwent preliminary validation using a real painting from the 20th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ramacciotti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sciutto
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laure Cazals
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Reale
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mathieu Thoury
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, Institut Photonique d'Analyse Non-destructive Européen des Matériaux Anciens, Saint-Aubin, 91192, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Prati
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Pinalli R, Massera C. Structural characterization of the supra-molecular complex between a tetra-quinoxaline-based cavitand and benzo-nitrile. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:671-676. [PMID: 38845699 PMCID: PMC11151304 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902400481x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The structural characterization is reported of the supra-molecular complex between the tetra-quinoxaline-based cavitand 2,8,14,20-tetra-hexyl-6,10:12,16:18,22:24,4-O,O'-tetra-kis-(quinoxaline-2,3-di-yl)calix[4]resorcinarene (QxCav) with benzo-nitrile. The complex, of general formula C84H80N8O8·2C7H5N, crystallizes in the space group P with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit, displaying very similar geometrical parameters. For each complex, one of the benzo-nitrile mol-ecules is engulfed inside the cavity, while the other is located among the alkyl legs at the lower rim. The host and the guests mainly inter-act through weak C-H⋯π, C-H⋯N and dispersion inter-actions. These inter-actions help to consolidate the formation of supra-molecular chains running along the crystallographic b-axis direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pinalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Perera S, Shaurya A, Baptiste M, Zavalij PY, Isaacs L. Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril Receptors Function as Solid State Sequestrants for Organic Micropollutants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407169. [PMID: 38661568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of organic micropollutants (OMP) in aquatic systems is a major societal problem that can be addressed by approaches including nanofiltration, flocculation, reverse osmosis and adsorptive methods using insoluble materials (e.g. activated carbon, MOFs, nanocomposites). More recently, polymeric versions of supramolecular hosts (e.g. cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes) have been investigated as OMP sequestrants. Herein, we report our study of the use of water insoluble dimethylcatechol walled acyclic cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) hosts as solid state sequestrants for a panel of five OMPs. A series of hosts (H1-H4) were synthesized by reaction of glycoluril oligomer (monomer-tetramer) with 3,6-dimethylcatechol and fully characterized by spectroscopic means and x-ray crystallography. The solid hosts sequester OMPs from water with removal efficiencies exceeding 90 % in some cases. The removal efficiencies of the new hosts parallel the known molecular recognition properties of analogous water soluble acyclic CB[n]. OMP uptake by solid host occurs rapidly (≈120 seconds). Head-to-head comparison with CB[6] in batch-mode separation and DARCO activated carbon in flow-through separation mode show that tetramer derived host (H4) performs very well under identical conditions. The work establishes insoluble acyclic CB[n]-type receptors as a promising new platform for OMP sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvenika Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, 8051 Regents Dr., College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Alok Shaurya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, 8051 Regents Dr., College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Michael Baptiste
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, 8051 Regents Dr., College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Peter Y Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, 8051 Regents Dr., College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, 8051 Regents Dr., College Park, MD 20742, United States
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Hashemzadeh F, Khoshmardan ME, Sanaei D, Ghalhari MR, Sharifan H, Inglezakis VJ, Arcibar-Orozco JA, Shaikh WA, Khan E, Biswas JK. Adsorptive removal of anthracene from water by biochar derived amphiphilic carbon dots decorated with chitosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141248. [PMID: 38280643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Anthracene belongs to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of benzene rings, unusually highly stable through more π-electrons and localized π-bond in entire rings. Aqueous-phase anthracene adsorption using carbon-based materials such as biochar is ineffective. In this paper, carbon dots (CDs) derived from the acid treatment of coconut shell biochar (CDs/MCSB) decorated with chitosan (CS) are successfully synthesized and applied for anthracene removal from aqueous solutions. The h-CDs/MCSB exhibited fast adsorption of anthracene with significant sorption capacity (Qmax = 49.26 mg g-1) with 95 % removal efficiency at 60 min. The study suggested chemisorption dominated monolayer anthracene adsorption onto h-CDs/MCSB, where a significant role was played by ion-exchange. Density Functional Theory (DFT) suggested the anthracene adsorption was dominated by the electrostatic interactions and delocalized electron, induced by higher polarizability of functional groups on the surface of hybrid CDs/MCSB assisted by chitosan (h-CDs/MCSB). In addition, the aromatic structure of CDs/MCSB and high polarizability of functional groups provided the strong interactions between benzene rings of anthracene and hybrid adsorbent-assisted multiple π-bond through delocalized π-bond and polarization-induced H-bond interactions. The presence of carboxylic and sulfonic groups on the CDs/MCSB surface also contributed to the effective adsorption of anthracene was confirmed by the fluorescence spectra. The results showed that the hybrid adsorbent was an effective material for removing PAHs, usually difficult to remove from water owing to the presence of benzene rings in their structures. Further, consistency in the DFT results suggested the outstanding binding capacity with the anthracene molecules with h-CDs/MCSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Hashemzadeh
- Water and Wastewater Research Center, Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maede Esmaeili Khoshmardan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoush Sanaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamidreza Sharifan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Javier A Arcibar-Orozco
- Research Department, CIATEC A.C. Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, León, Mexico
| | - Wasim Akram Shaikh
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Science and Technology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, 743368
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory (3E-MicroToxTech Lab), International Centre for Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal - 741235, India.
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Pfeuffer‐Rooschüz J, Heim S, Prescimone A, Tiefenbacher K. Megalo-Cavitands: Synthesis of Acridane[4]arenes and Formation of Large, Deep Cavitands for Selective C70 Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209885. [PMID: 35924716 PMCID: PMC9826223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deep cavitands, concave molecular containers, represent an important supramolecular host class that has been explored for a variety of applications ranging from sensing, switching, purification and adsorption to catalysis. A major limitation in the field has been the cavitand volume that is restricted by the size of the structural platform utilized (diameter approx. 7 Å). We here report the synthesis of a novel, unprecedentedly large structural platform, named acridane[4]arene (diameter approx. 14 Å), suitable for the construction of cavitands with volumes of up to 814 Å3 . These megalo-cavitands serve as size-selective hosts for fullerenes with mM to sub-μM binding affinity for C60 and C70 . Furthermore, the selective binding of fullerene C70 in the presence of C60 was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salome Heim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland,Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
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Pfeuffer-Rooschüz J, Heim S, Prescimone A, Tiefenbacher K. Megalo‐Cavitands: Synthesis of Acridane[4]arenes and Formation of Large, Deep Cavitands for Selective C70 Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salome Heim
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
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Rozzi A, Pedrini A, Pinalli R, Massera C, Elmi I, Zampolli S, Dalcanale E. Tuning the conformational flexibility of quinoxaline cavitands for complexation at the gas-solid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7554-7557. [PMID: 35708006 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity and efficiency of benzene and toluene uptake at the gas-solid interface by quinoxaline cavitands is strongly enhanced by partial rigidification of the receptor cavity and immobilization of the cavitand onto silica gel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ivan Elmi
- CNR-IMM Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Dalcanale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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