1
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Jiang M, Sun N, Li T, Yu J, Somoro RA, Jia M, Xu B. Revealing the Charge Storage Mechanism in Porous Carbon to Achieve Efficient K Ion Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401478. [PMID: 38528390 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a porous structure is considered an appealing strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of carbon anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Nevertheless, the correlation between electrochemical K-storage performance and pore structure has not been well elucidated, which hinders the development of high-performance carbon anodes. Herein, various porous carbons are synthesized with porosity structures ranging from micropores to micro/mesopores and mesopores, and systematic investigations are conducted to establish a relationship between pore characteristics and K-storage performance. It is found that micropores fail to afford accessible active sites for K ion storage, whereas mesopores can provide abundant surface adsorption sites, and the enlarged interlayer spacing facilitates the intercalation process, thus resulting in significantly improved K-storage performances. Consequently, PCa electrode with a prominent mesoporous structure achieves the highest reversible capacity of 421.7 mAh g-1 and an excellent rate capability of 191.8 mAh g-1 at 5 C. Furthermore, the assembled potassium-ion hybrid capacitor realizes an impressive energy density of 151.7 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 398 W kg-1. The proposed work not only deepens the understanding of potassium storage in carbon materials with distinctive porosities but also paves a path toward developing high-performance anodes for PIBs with customized energy storage capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiaxu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Razium Ali Somoro
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mengqiu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
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2
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Xiong J, Yang Z, Zhou R, Xiao A, Kong X, Jiang J, Dong L, Zhuang Q, Ju Z, Chen Y. In Situ Defect Engineering in Carbon by Atomic Self-Activation to Boost the Accessible Low-Voltage Insertion for Advanced Potassium-Ion Full-Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402037. [PMID: 38511536 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the low-potential capacity of anode materials is significant in boosting the operating voltage of full-cells and constructing high energy-density energy storage devices. Graphitic carbons exhibit outstanding low-potential potassium storage performance, but show a low K+ diffusion kinetics. Herein, in situ defect engineering in graphitic nanocarbon is achieved by an atomic self-activation strategy to boost the accessible low-voltage insertion. Graphitic carbon layers grow on nanoscale-nickel to form the graphitic nanosphere with short-range ordered microcrystalline due to nickel graphitization catalyst. Meanwhile, the widely distributed K+ in the precursor induces the activation of surrounding carbon atoms to in situ generate carbon vacancies as channels. The graphite microcrystals with defect channels realize reversible K+ intercalation at low-potential and accessible ion diffusion kinetics, contributing to high reversible capacity (209 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 under 0.8 V) and rate capacity (103.2 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1). The full-cell with Prussian blue cathode and graphitic nanocarbon anode maintains an obvious working platform at ca. 3.0 V. This work provides a strategy for the in situ design of carbon anode materials and gives insights into the potassium storage mechanism at low-potential for high-performance full-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Advanced Analysis & Computation Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Anyong Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiangkai Kong
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jiangmin Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Liang Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Quanchao Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhicheng Ju
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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3
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Xiong S, Wu Q, Gao Y, Li Z, Wang C, Wang S, Li Z, Hou L, Gao F. In Situ Chemical Modulation of Graphitization Degree of Carbon Fibers and Its Potassium Storage Mechanism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401292. [PMID: 38561948 PMCID: PMC11187913 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Graphite is considered to be the most auspicious anode candidate for potassium ion batteries. However, the inferior rate performances and cycling stability restrict its practical applications. Few studies have investigated the modulating the graphitization degree of graphitic materials. Herein, a nitrogen-doped carbon-coated carbon fiber composite with tunable graphitization (CNF@NC) through etching growth, in-situ oxidative polymerization, and subsequent carbonization process is reported. The prepared CNF@NC with abundant electrochemical active sites and a rapid K+/electron transfer pathway, can effectively shorten the K+ transfer distance and promote the rapid insertion/removal of K+. Amorphous domains and short-range curved graphite layers can provide ample mitigation spaces for K+ storage, alleviating the volume expansion of the highly graphitized CNF during repeated K+ insertion/de-intercalation. As expected, the CNF@NC-5 electrode presents a high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 69.3%, an unprecedented reversible volumetric capacity of 510.2 mA h cm-3 at 0.1 A g-1 after 100 cycles with the mass-capacity of 294.9 mA h g-1. The K+ storage mechanism and reaction kinetic analysis are studied by combining in-situ analysis and first-principles calculation. It manifests that the K+ storage mechanism in CNF@NC-5 is an adsorption-insertion-insertion mechanism (i.e., the "1+2" model). The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film forming is also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangsheng Xiong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Qi Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Chen Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Zheng Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Li Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Faming Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457China
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He X, Zhong L, Qiu X, Wen F, Sun S, Zu X, Zhang W. Sustainable Polyvinyl Chloride-Derived Soft Carbon Anodes for Potassium-Ion Storage: Electrochemical Behaviors and Mechanism. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300646. [PMID: 37321979 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft carbon is a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries due to its favorable properties such as low cost, high conductivity, stable capacity, and low potential platform. Polyvinyl chloride, as a white pollutant, is a soft carbon precursor that can be carbonized at varying temperatures to produce soft carbons with controllable defect and crystal structures. This work investigates the effect of carbonization temperature on the crystalline structures of the obtained soft carbons. In situ Raman spectroscopy was used to elucidate the adsorption-intercalation charge storage mechanism of potassium ions in soft carbons. Soft carbons prepared at the temperature of 800 °C have a defect-rich, short-range ordered structure, which provides optimal intercalation and adsorption sites for potassium ions, resulting in a satisfactory capacity of 302 mAh g-1 . This work presents new possibilities for designing soft carbon materials from recycling plastics for potassium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, P.R. China
| | - Fuwang Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shirong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Zu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Green Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT) Jieyang, Jieyang, 515200, P.R. China
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5
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Yang H, Huang J, Liu S, Chen Y, Cen Z, Shi C, Lu Y, Fu R. Pseudocapacitive Potassium-Ion Intercalation Enabled by Topologically Defective Soft Carbon toward High-Rate, Large-Areal-Capacity, and Low-Temperature Potassium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302537. [PMID: 37267937 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous materials are widely investigated as anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, the inferior rate capability, low areal capacity, and limited working temperature caused by sluggish K-ions diffusion kinetics are still primary challenges for carbon-based anodes. Herein, a simple temperature-programmed co-pyrolysis strategy is proposed for the efficient synthesis of topologically defective soft carbon (TDSC) based on inexpensive pitch and melamine. The skeletons of TDSC are optimized with shortened graphite-like microcrystals, enlarged interlayer spacing, and abundant topological defects (e.g., pentagons, heptagons, and octagons), which endow TDSC with fast pseudocapacitive K-ion intercalation behavior. Meanwhile, micrometer-sized structure can reduce the electrolyte degradation over particle surface and avoid unnecessary voids, ensuring a high initial Coulombic efficiency as well as high energy density. These synergistic structural advantages contribute to excellent rate capability (116 mA h g-1 at 20 C), impressive areal capacity (1.83 mA h cm-2 with a mass loading of 8.32 mg cm-2 ), long-term cycling stability (capacity retention of 91.8% after 1200 h cycling), and low working temperature (-10 °C) of TDSC anodes, demonstrating great potential for the practical application of PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Yang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Huang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Liu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Chen
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zongheng Cen
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Shi
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Lu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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6
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Li C, Yan L, Wang M, Kong J, Bao W, Chang L. Synthesis Strategies and Applications for Pitch-Based Anode: From Industrial By-Products to Power Sources. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200216. [PMID: 36344434 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is significant for saving energy to manufacture superb-property batteries. Carbon is one of the most competitive anode materials in batteries, but it is hard for commercial graphite anodes to meet the increasingly higher energy-storage requirements. Moreover, the price of other better-performing carbon materials (such as graphene) is much higher than graphite, which is not conducive to massive production. Pitch, the cheap by-product in the petroleum and coal industries, has high carbon content and yield, making it possible for commercialization. Developing pitch-based anodes can not only lower raw material costs but also realize the pitch's high value-added utilization. We comprehensively reviewed the latest synthesis strategies of pitch-derived materials and then introduced their application and research progress in lithium, sodium, and potassium ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs). Finally, we summarize and suggest the pitch's development trend for anodes and in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Lunjing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Meijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jiao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Weiren Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Liping Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
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7
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Liu Y, Guo X, Tian X, Liu Z. Coal-Based Semicoke-Derived Carbon Anode Materials with Tunable Microcrystalline Structure for Fast Lithium-Ion Storage. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4067. [PMID: 36432353 PMCID: PMC9699443 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast charging capability is highly desired for new generation lithium-ion batteries used in consumer-grade electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, currently used anodes suffer from sluggish ion kinetics due to limited interlayer distance. Herein, the coal-based semicoke was chosen as precursor to prepare cost-effective carbon anodes with high-rate performance through a facile pyrolytic strategy. The evolution of microstructure and its effect on electrochemical performance are entirely studied. The results show that large number of short-ordered defective structures are generated due to the occurrence of turbostatic-like structures when pyrolyzed at 900 °C, which are propitious to large interlayer distance and developed porous structure. High accessible surface area and large interlayer spacing with short-ordered defective domains endow the sample treated at 900 °C under argon (A900) with accelerated ion dynamics and enhanced ion adsorption dominated surface-induced capacitive processes. As a result, A900 delivers high capacity (331.1 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1) and long life expectancy (94.8% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1) as well as good rate capability (153.2 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1). This work opens a scalable avenue to fabricating cost-effective, high-rate, and long cycling life carbon anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhanjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Zhang J, Wang M, Wan T, Shi H, Lv A, Xiao W, Jiao S. Novel (Pt-O x )-(Co-O y ) Nonbonding Active Structures on Defective Carbon from Oxygen-Rich Coal Tar Pitch for Efficient HER and ORR. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206960. [PMID: 36111463 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale utilization and coordination structure of Pt electrocatalyst is extremely crucial to decrease loading mass and maximize activity for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). A novel atomic-scale (Pt-Ox )-(Co-Oy ) nonbonding active structure is designed and constructed by anchoring Pt single atoms and Co atomic clusters on the defective carbon derived from oxygen-rich coal tar pitch (CTP). The Pt loading mass is extremely low and only 0.56 wt%. A new nonbonding interaction phenomenon between Pt-Ox and Co-Oy is found and confirmed based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Based on the (Pt-Ox )-(Co-Oy ) nonbonding active structure, surface chemical field coupling with electrocatalysis for the HER and ORR is confirmed. It is found that the (Pt-Ox )-(Co-Oy ) nonbonding active structure exhibits high mass activities of 64.4 A cm-2 mgPt -1 (at an overpotential of 100 mV) and 7.2 A cm-2 mgPt -1 (at 0.8 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) for the HER and ORR, respectively. The values are 6.5 and 11.6 times as much as those of commercial 20% Pt/C. The work provides innovative insight to design and understand efficient active sites of atomic-scale Pt on oxygen-rich CTP-derived carbon supports for electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Aijing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shuqiang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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9
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Liu Z, Wu S, Song Y, Yang T, Ma Z, Tian X, Liu Z. Non-negligible Influence of Oxygen in Hard Carbon as an Anode Material for Potassium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47674-47684. [PMID: 36223510 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) has been impeded by the lack of an appropriate carbon anode material that could accommodate K+ with a large ionic radius. Hard carbon with low cost and larger interlayer spacing is a promising anode material for PIBs. However, the impact of oxygen-containing functional groups in hard carbon (HC) is less reported. Herein, a hypercrosslinked polymer (HCLP) is prepared and used for the synthesis of microporous hard carbons with superior structural stability and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and defects, in which the crosslinking agent provided copious oxygen atoms. It is found that a large number of C═O groups and micropores provide more storage sites for K+. The surface-controlled process is dominated by the reversible reaction of C═O + K+ + e- ↔ C-O-K, which directly increases the capacity contribution. The HCs obtained at 600 °C exhibit good cycling and rate performance with an initial specific capacity of about 254.3 mAh g-1 and the capacity retention of 83.2% after 200 cycles at 50 mA g-1. The capacity reached up to 121 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1. A possible capacitive-adsorption mechanism is proposed by kinetic analysis. The redox reaction mechanism between C═O and K+ at the HC is clearly also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan030001, China
| | - Zihui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan030001, China
| | - Zhanjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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