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Lu S, Fowler CR, Ream B, Waugh SM, Russell TM, Rohloff JC, Gold L, Cleveland JP, Stoll S. Magnetically Detected Protein Binding Using Spin-Labeled Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamers. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2219-2227. [PMID: 37300508 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in aptamer chemistry open up opportunities for new tools for protein biosensing. In this work, we present an approach to use immobilized slow off-rate modified aptamers (SOMAmers) site-specifically labeled with a nitroxide radical via azide-alkyne click chemistry as a means for detecting protein binding. Protein binding induces a change in rotational mobility of the spin label, which is detected via solution-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We demonstrate the workflow and test the protocol using the SOMAmer SL5 and its protein target, platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-BB). In a complete site scan of the nitroxide over the SOMAmer, we determine the rotational mobility of the spin label in the absence and presence of target protein. Several sites with sufficiently tight affinity and large rotational mobility change upon protein binding are identified. We then model a system where the spin-labeled SOMAmer assay is combined with fluorescence detection via diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center relaxometry. The NV center spin-lattice relaxation time is modulated by the rotational mobility of a proximal spin label and thus responsive to SOMAmer-protein binding. The spin label-mediated assay provides a general approach for transducing protein binding events into magnetically detectable signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Brian Ream
- SomaLogic, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | | | | | | | - Larry Gold
- SomaLogic, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | | | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Ortiz Moreno AR, Li R, Wu K, Schirhagl R. Lipid peroxidation in diamond supported bilayers. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7920-7928. [PMID: 37067002 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01167d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is a process that occurs in cells when they are exposed to oxidative stress. During the process reactive oxygen species attack lipids within the lipid bilayers of cells. Since the products of lipid peroxidation are toxic and carcinogenic, it is important to understand where and how it occurs with nanoscale resolution. The radical intermediates of this process are particularly interesting since they are causing chain reactions damaging large parts of the lipid membranes in cells. However, they are also difficult to measure for the state of the art because they are short lived and reactive. Here, we study the lipid peroxidation of three artificial lipid bilayers on a diamonds substrate that can be used to study lipid peroxidation. In particular, we present a diamond quantum sensing method called T1-relaxometry that allows for in situ measurements and imaging of radical intermediates of lipid peroxidation in these membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ortiz Moreno
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - R Li
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - K Wu
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - R Schirhagl
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Chen Y, Lin Q, Cheng H, Huang H, Shao J, Ye Y, Liu GS, Chen L, Luo Y, Chen Z. Nanodiamond-Based Optical-Fiber Quantum Probe for Magnetic Field and Biological Sensing. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3660-3670. [PMID: 36454224 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the unique electronic spin properties, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers hosted in diamond have emerged as a powerful quantum tool for detecting various physical parameters and biological species. In this work, an optical-fiber quantum probe, configured by chemically modifying nanodiamonds on the surface of a cone fiber tip, is developed. Based on the continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance method and lock-in amplification technique, it is found that the sensing performance of probes can be engineered by varying the nanodiamond dispersion concentration and modification duration during the chemical modification process. Combined with a pair of magnetic flux concentrators, the magnetic field detection sensitivity has reached 0.57 nT/Hz1/2@1 Hz, a new record among the fiber magnetometers based on nanodiamonds. Taking Gd3+ as the demo, the capability of probes in paramagnetic species detection is also demonstrated experimentally. Our work provides a new approach to develop NV centers as quantum probes featuring high integration, multifunction, high sensitivity, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hongda Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Gui-Shi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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